scholarly journals Effects of Low-Dose Alpha-Particle Irradiation in Human Cells: The Role of Induced Genes and the Bystander Effect. Final Technical Report (9/15/1998-5/31/2005)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Little
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Particle Irradiation ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Induced Genes

scholarly journals Oxidized Cell-Free DNA Is a Factor of Stress Signaling in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects in Different Types of Human Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina S. Konkova ◽  
Andrew A. Kaliyanov ◽  
Vasilina A. Sergeeva ◽  
Margarita S. Abramova ◽  
Svetlana V. Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radiation Induced

In pathology or under damaging conditions, the properties of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) change. An example of such change is GC enrichment, which drastically alters the biological properties of cfDNA. GC-rich cfDNA is a factor of stress signaling, whereas genomic cfDNA is biologically inactive. GC-rich cfDNA stimulates TLR9-MyD88-NF-κB signaling cascade, leading to an increase in proinflammatory cytokine levels in the organism. In addition, GC-rich DNA is prone to oxidation and oxidized cfDNA can stimulate secondary oxidative stress. This article is a review of works dedicated to the investigation of a low-dose ionizing radiation effect, a bystander effect, and the role of cfDNA in both of these processes.

The Roles of p21Waf1/CIP1 and Hus1 in Generation and Transmission of Damage Signals Stimulated by Low-Dose Alpha-Particle Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Shaopeng Chen ◽  
Hang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Particle Irradiation

scholarly journals Induction of Genomic Instability in a Primary Human Fibroblast Cell Line Following Low-Dose Alpha-Particle Exposure and the Potential Role of Exosomes

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Eman Mohammed Elbakrawy ◽  
Ammar Mayah ◽  
Mark A. Hill ◽  
Munira Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Particle Exposure ◽  
Population Doublings

Purpose: To study the induction of genomic instability (GI) in the progeny of cell populations irradiated with low doses of alpha-particles and the potential role of exosome-encapsulated bystander signalling. Methods: The induction of GI in HF19 normal fibroblast cells was assessed by determining the formation of micronuclei (MN) in binucleate cells along with using the alkaline comet assay to assess DNA damage. Results: Low dose alpha-particle exposure (0.0001–1 Gy) was observed to produce a significant induction of micronuclei and DNA damage shortly after irradiation (assays performed at 5 and 1 h post exposure, respectively). This damage was not only still evident and statistically significant in all irradiated groups after 10 population doublings, but similar trends were observed after 20 population doublings. Exosomes from irradiated cells were also observed to enhance the level of DNA damage in non-irradiated bystander cells at early times. Conclusion: very low doses of alpha-particles are capable of inducing GI in the progeny of irradiated cells even at doses where <1% of the cells are traversed, where the level of response was similar to that observed at doses where 100% of the cells were traversed. This may have important implications with respect to the evaluation of cancer risk associated with very low-dose alpha-particle exposure and deviation from a linear dose response.

Influence of Magnolol on the bystander effect induced by alpha-particle irradiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 718-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P.W. Wong ◽  
Y.L. Law ◽  
A.K.W. Tse ◽  
W.F. Fong ◽  
K.N. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Particle Irradiation

scholarly journals Cathepsin L plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and humanized mice and is a promising target for new drug development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Zhao ◽  
Wei-Li Yang ◽  
Fang-Yuan Yang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wei-Jin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
First Time

AbstractTo discover new drugs to combat COVID-19, an understanding of the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Here, for the first time, we report the crucial role of cathepsin L (CTSL) in patients with COVID-19. The circulating level of CTSL was elevated after SARS-CoV-2 infection and was positively correlated with disease course and severity. Correspondingly, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection increased CTSL expression in human cells in vitro and human ACE2 transgenic mice in vivo, while CTSL overexpression, in turn, enhanced pseudovirus infection in human cells. CTSL functionally cleaved the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and enhanced virus entry, as evidenced by CTSL overexpression and knockdown in vitro and application of CTSL inhibitor drugs in vivo. Furthermore, amantadine, a licensed anti-influenza drug, significantly inhibited CTSL activity after SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection and prevented infection both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, CTSL is a promising target for new anti-COVID-19 drug development.

scholarly journals The role of microRNAs in modulating SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 104832
Author(s):  
Rafael Marchi ◽  
Bruna Sugita ◽  
Ariana Centa ◽  
Aline S. Fonseca ◽  
Stefanne Bortoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Cells
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