Gut-Brain-Microbiota Axis and Hypertension: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Nam Kwon ◽  
Yong-Jae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Novel Targets ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

: The gut and brain are linked via various bidirectional pathways, communicate with and affect each other. The interaction be-tween the gut-brain axis and the gut microbiota has attracted much attention in the development of hypertension. In this review, we have discussed the gut-brain-microbiota axis and its association with gut dysbiosis in terms of regulation of blood pressure using the autonomic nervous system, immune system, metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters. In addition, the treat-ments using microbiota that have been tried to date are briefly summarized. By understanding the mechanism by which gut-brain-microbiota regulates blood pressure, the novel targets for hypertension treatment or a new therapeutic approach us-ing the gut-brain-microbiota could be investigated.

Risk assessment of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases connection to noise when exceeding maximum permissible levels

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Fokin ◽  
Dmitrii M. Shlyapnikov ◽  
Svetlana V. Red’ko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perm Region

In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 3.2.6 of sanitary rules and norms «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors at workplace», in the event of exceeding noise level at workplace above 80 dBA, an employer is obliged to assess the health risk of workers and confirm an acceptable risk to their health. The connection between the incidence of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases with noise exposure exceeding the maximum permissible levels (80 dBA) was estimated. The assessment was carried out at a food industry enterprise of Perm Region. Assessing the relationship between morbidity and noise exposure is the first step in evaluation of occupational health risks for workers exposed to noise exceeding MAL. If a reliable relationship between morbidity and noise exposure is established, an assessment of occupational risk is conducted. The odds ratio (OR) for diseases characterized by high blood pressure and disorders of autonomic nervous system was <1 (confidence interval CI=0.11–1.61 and CI=0.08–2.78, respectively). The relative risk (RR) for diseases characterized by high blood pressure and disorders of autonomic nervous system was <1. The received data testify absence of connection of morbidity with exposure to industrial noise, calculation of etiological share of responses and levels of risk is not required.

scholarly journals Post-Exertional Malaise May Be Related to Central Blood Pressure, Sympathetic Activity and Mental Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kujawski ◽  
Joanna Słomko ◽  
Lynette Hodges ◽  
Derek F. H. Pheby ◽  
Modra Murovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Central Systolic Blood Pressure

Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is regarded as the hallmark symptom in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The aim of the current study is to explore differences in CFS patients with and without PEM in indicators of aortic stiffness, autonomic nervous system function, and severity of fatigue. One-hundred and one patients met the Fukuda criteria. A Chronic Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ) and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) were used to assess the level of mental and physical fatigue. Aortic systolic blood pressure (sBPaortic) and the autonomic nervous system were measured with the arteriograph and Task Force Monitor, respectively. Eighty-two patients suffered prolonged PEM according to the Fukuda criteria, while 19 did not. Patients with PEM had higher FIS scores (p = 0.02), lower central systolic blood pressure (p = 0.02) and higher mental fatigue (p = 0.03). For a one-point increase in the mental fatigue component of the CFQ scale, the risk of PEM increases by 34%. For an sBPaortic increase of 1 mmHg, the risk of PEM decreases by 5%. For a one unit increase in sympathovagal balance, the risk of PEM increases by 330%. Higher mental fatigue and sympathetic activity in rest are related to an increased risk of PEM, while higher central systolic blood pressure is related to a reduced risk of PEM. However, none of the between group differences were significant after FDR correction, and therefore conclusions should be treated with caution and replicated in further studies.

scholarly journals The Worsening of Positional Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea over Time Is Associated with an Increase in Body Weight: Impact on Blood Pressure and Autonomic Nervous System

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsiu Chang ◽  
Hsien-Chang Wu ◽  
Chou-Chin Lan ◽  
Yao-Kuang Wu ◽  
Mei-Chen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Positional Dependency ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Most patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are positional dependent. Although mild OSA worsens over time, no study has assessed the natural course of positional mild OSA. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural course of positional mild OSA, its most valuable progression predictor, and its impact on blood pressure (BP) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective observational cohort study enrolled 86 patients with positional mild OSA and 26 patients with nonpositional mild OSA, with a follow-up duration of 32.0 ± 27.6 months and 37.6 ± 27.8 months, respectively. Polysomnographic variables, BP, and ANS functions were compared between groups at baseline and after follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In patients with positional mild OSA after follow-up, the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) increased (9.1 ± 3.3/h vs. 22.0 ± 13.2/h, <i>p</i> = 0.000), as did the morning systolic BP (126.4 ± 13.3 mm Hg vs. 130.4 ± 15.9 mm Hg, <i>p</i> = 0.011), and the sympathetic activity (49.4 ± 12.3% vs. 55.3 ± 13.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.000), while the parasympathetic activity decreased (50.6 ± 12.3% vs. 44.7 ± 13.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.000). The body mass index changes were the most important factor associated with AHI changes among patients with positional mild OSA (Beta = 0.259, adjust <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.056, <i>p</i> = 0.016, 95% confidence interval 0.425 and 3.990). The positional dependency disappeared over time in 66.3% of patients with positional mild OSA while 69.2% of patients with nonpositional mild OSA retained nonpositional. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In patients with positional mild OSA, disease severity, BP, and ANS regulation worse over time. Increased weight was the best predictor for its progression and the loss of positional dependency. Better treatments addressing weight control and consistent follow-up are needed for positional mild OSA.

Role of Autonomic Nervous System in Maintenance of Cerebral and Renal Hypertension

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Rothman ◽  
Douglas R. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

The blood pressure responses to various drugs were investigated in renal hypertensive, cerebral hypertensive and normotensive rabbits. Hexamethonium bromide and Dibenamine reduced the blood pressures of renal and cerebral hypertensives. Effects in the normal were insignificant. The cerebral hypertensive's blood pressure was slightly affected by benzodioxane. Blood pressure was not reduced at all in the other groups. Blood pressure of the renal hypertensive rabbit was greatly reduced by Veriloid and dihydroergocornine. Blood pressures of cerebral and normal animals were affected to a lesser degree. The results suggest that maintenance of hypertension in the cerebral hypertensive rabbit depends on an overactive sympathetic nervous system, possibly due to the release of medullary pressor centers from inhibitory impulses originating in higher centers; whereas, the maintenance of hypertension in the renal hypertensive rabbit may be attributed to an increased reactivity of the peripheral vasculature to a normal sympathetic tone.

scholarly journals Patients with Impaired Descending Nociceptive Inhibitory System Present Altered Cardiac Vagal Control at Rest

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (21;1) ◽  
pp. E409-E418
Author(s):  
Leandro Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Inhibitory System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Background: Patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain have a higher chance of presenting impairment in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, which may have implications for cardiovascular events. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in pain modulation. However, it is unclear whether patients with inefficient descending nociceptive inhibition have poorer cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Objective: To compare the cardiovascular autonomic modulation of patients with musculoskeletal pain who had normal versus impaired functioning of descending nociceptive inhibitory system (DNIS). Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Physiotherapy outpatient service. Methods: Fifty-six patients with musculoskeletal pain were included. Conditioned pain modulation was assessed by the difference of algometric values held in the dorsal forearm and tibialis anterior muscle, before and after a thermal pain stimulus was employed via the cold pressure test (CPT). Patients with inefficient DNIS in both sites were classified as impaired responders (n = 14). The others were classified as normal responders (n = 42). Cardiac autonomic modulation was monitored at rest by heart rate variability (HRV). The blood pressure response to the CPT was used as a proxy of sympathetic responsiveness. Results: Most of the patients were women (60%) and had chronic pain (75%). The groups had similar demographic characteristics. Patients with impaired DNIS showed lower HRV [RMSSD (P = 0.020), SDRR (P = 0.009), HF (ms2 ) (P = 0.027), LF (ms2 ) (P = 0.004), and total power (P = 0.002)]. The blood pressure response to CPT was similar between groups (systolic pressure, P = 0.813; diastolic pressure, P = 0.709). Limitation: Physical activity level, emotional changes, and visceral pathologies can alter the autonomic nervous system and may represent potential confounders. The low number of patients may have biased the results. Conclusion: Patients with impaired DNIS presented lower resting HRV, indicating an altered vagal control of the heart. In contrast, the blood pressure response to a sympathoexcitatory stimulus was preserved. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Augusto Motta University Centre (CAAE number: 46245215.9.0000.5235), and all patients signed the Informed Consent Form. Key words: Musculoskeletal pain, autonomic nervous system, heart rate, chronic pain, diffuse noxious inhibitory control, blood pressure, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system

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