Prospects for the application of proppant hydraulic fracturing at Kashiro-Verey operational facilities Volga-Ural oil and gas province

The geological structure of Kashiro-Verey carbonate deposits is considered on the example of one of the deposits of the Perm Region. By combining geophysical studies of wells, standard and tomographic studies of core, the following lithotypes of carbonate rocks were identified: highly porous cavernous, layered heterogeneous porous, heterogeneous fractured porous, dense. It was found that for heterogeneous lithotypes, the porosity estimate in the volume of the permeable part of the rocks significantly exceeds 7%. Experiments on the destruction of rocks were carried out for the selected lithotypes. As a result, it was found that cracks do not form for samples of the cavernous lithotype at a compression pressure of 20 MPa. For a compacted lithotype, already at a compression pressure of more than 10 MPa, an intensive development of fracturing occurs. As a result of multiaxial loading of cores, which can be considered as analogous fracturing of the formation, wide fractures are formed, along which filtration of fluids can occur. Keywords: proppant hydraulic fracturing; X-ray tomography of the core; porosity; permeability; fractured reservoir; oil deposit; carbonate deposits.

Hygienic analysis of violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for working conditions in the field of "Mining" before and after the introduction of a risk-oriented model of control and supervisory activities (on the example of the Perm Region)

In the Russian Federation, "Mining" is a priority activity in the group "Activities in the field of industry and agriculture" for the potential risk of harm to health. The study aims to perform a hygienic analysis of violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for working conditions in the field of "Mining" (on the example of the Perm Region) before and after the introduction of a risk-oriented model of control and supervisory activities to manage risks to the health of the working population. Scientists performed a study according to the data of 49 inspection acts by the Rospotrebnadzor Department in the Perm Region to facilities operating in the field of "Mining," before and after the introduction of a risk-based approach (for the periods 2013-2016 and 2017-2019), using standard analysis methods. Implemented in practice in 2016, the risk-oriented approach to the control and supervision of working conditions provides for the attribution of the activities of a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur, and (or) production facilities used by them in the implementation of this activity to a particular risk category under MP 5.1.0116-17. The study used data from the Federal Register of economic entities (legal entities/sole proprietors) subject to sanitary and epidemiological supervision as of 2020; data from Rosstat and Permstat on the number of employees engaged in work with harmful and(or) dangerous working conditions, data from Rospotrebnadzor and the Department of Rospotrebnadzor in the Perm Region on occupational morbidity for 2019. The average number of violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements to working conditions per year per economic entity in the field of Mining in the Perm Region since 2017 (since the introduction of the risk-based model of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance) has significantly decreased (p<0.05) from 62 violations (in 2013-2016) to 31 (in 2017-2019), mainly due to a significant 2.5-fold decrease in the number of breaches of the requirements of Federal Law No. 52-FZ per entity - from 30 violations to 12. In 2017-2019, the average number of violations of the requirements for working conditions per year per subject significantly decreased compared to 2013-2016 (p<0.05) due to a reduction in violations of the requirements for the maintenance of industrial and household premises (by 11.9 times). In the period 2017-2019, regarding 2013-2016, the contribution of violations under requirements for the maintenance of industrial and household premises, ventilation decreased by an average of 5.37 and 6.07 times, respectively, increased to overalls and PPE, production control by 3.16 and 1.67 times. The results obtained indicate that introducing a risk-based approach has led to a decrease in the number of violations of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for working conditions in the field of Mining in the Perm Region since 2017. As well as an increase in the overall structure of violations of the proportion of violations of requirements, non-compliance with which can lead to severe consequences for human health (increased the proportion of violations of requirements for overalls, PPE, working conditions with a PC, production control).

Implementation of the National Project «Labor Productivity and Employment Support» in the Perm Region: Facts, Problems, Prospects

In the context of the reorientation of the Russian economy towards an innovative development path, the issue of increasing labor productivity has become an important part of state policy.Currently, the country is implementing a large-scale national project «Labor productivity and employment support». The implementation of the project approach to managing labor productivity for the Russian economy is of strategic priority, since its application helps to increase the efficiency of resource use, realize the goals of modernizing production, and stimulate innovation and export activities of domestic enterprises.The aim of the study is to consider the regional aspect of the implementation of the priority national project «Labor productivity and employment support» on the example of the Perm region. The methodological basis of the study are comparative, statistical and expert methods.The paper analyzes the implementation of the national project «Labor productivity and employment support» in the Perm region; presents the actual results of the project; formulates problems in the implementation of project activities; identifies the prospects of the Perm region in the context of setting higher targets for the regional project «Labor productivity and employment support» in comparison with the figures for Russia as a whole.The materials outlined in this article can deepen knowledge about the specifics of the implementation of the priority national project «Labor productivity and employment support» at the regional level, as well as be used to adjust the course implementation of a regional project aimed at improving productivity in the Perm region.

Trends in crop production as a factor of ensuring food security of the Perm Region

Goal. The assessment of the main trends in the activity of agricultural producers in crop production was carried out in order to substantiate the possibilities of the Perm Region for self-sufficiency with the main types of food resources in the presence of adverse effects of natural and climatic conditions. Methods. A statistical analysis was carried out using grouping and comparison methods based on the official statistics of the Perm Region for 2016-2020. Results. In accordance with the social and geographical specifics of the Perm Region, on the territory of which rural areas predominate, the largest volume of crop production is produced in the households of the population (up to 58 %), whose activities are characterized by the lowest level of stability and are more susceptible to the negative impact of natural and climatic conditions. The activity of agricultural organizations (share up to 36 %) and farms (share up to 8 %) is more stable. A higher level of dependence on natural and climatic conditions was revealed in the field of potato production, a lower level – in the field of grain and vegetables production of protected soil. The risk is reinforced by the fact that up to 70 % of the natural volume of potatoes and more than 80% of vegetables are produced in households. With a decrease in the total sown area by 1.2 %, there is a decrease in the sown area of potatoes by 15 % and vegetables by 6 %. The identified trends allowed us to identify the risk of reducing the level of food self-sufficiency of the Perm Region with potatoes and vegetables. The insecurity of domestic potato consumption in the Perm Region is, according to preliminary data, 13 % in 2020. The presence of risk was also revealed for vegetables, the internal consumption of the region was provided with vegetable products of its own production by an average of 56% during the study period. The results obtained allow us to identify the directions of optimization of the Perm Region strategy in solving the problems of food self-sufficiency. Scientific novelty. The dynamics of factors of crop production (structure, yield, acreage, intensification) is assessed taking into account the social, geographical, natural and climatic specifics of the Perm Region through the prism of the impact on the regional food balance and the level of self-sufficiency of the region with potatoes and vegetables.

Consumption of Non-Food Consumer Goods by Families of Collective Farmers of the Molotov Region in the First Five Years After the War (1946–1950)

Non-food consumer goods have always been, are and will remain important attributes of a person’s life. In addition to purely physiological, non-food goods satisfy a number of other needs that shape people as thinking creatures and distinguish them from animals. The article examines the problem of consumption of non-food consumer goods by collective farmers in one of the regions of the Urals, i.e. the former Molotov Region (presently, the Perm Region) during the first years after the Great Patriotic War (1946–1950). The topic of this article is relevant, since the problem of scientifically grounded and balanced consumption of non-food consumer goods by the population remains unresolved. The author turned to materials kept in two archives: Russian State Archives of Economics and State Archives of the Sverdlovsk Region. Some of these documents have never been published, including household budget surveys, which have a long history in Russia. Attention is focused on the fact that the determining factor in the material living conditions of collective farmers during the first post-war years was the permanent shortage of almost all consumer goods. The author demonstrates that in the period under study the consumption level of non-food consumer goods by collective farmers was unsatisfactory. It should be noted that such a low level of consumption by Molotov Region peasants in the first post-war years was no exception. It is concluded that there were no grounds for a rapid growth in the consumption of non-food consumer goods by this “secondary” category of the population (which collective farmers were at the time) during the period under study.

The results of therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children in perm region

Background. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders. About 90% of all children with CAH have 21-hydroxylase deficiency which is required for the synthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticodes. The salt-wasting form of CAH develops with a deficiency of both types of hormones. This form of CAH results in infant death if not treated, therefore early disease detection and start of treatment are very important. Aim of research is to study the clinical features of the course of the disease and evaluate the treatment efficacy of children with salt-wasting form of CAH in the Perm region. Materials and methods. We conducted an analysis of the clinical features of the salt-wasting form of CAH in 40 children of the Perm region. To evaluate the treatment efficacy following symptoms were analyzed: salty food craving, hyperpigmentation of skin, hirsutism, delayed or accelerated growth, etc. and parameters of water-electrolytic balance, the level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, renin. Results and discussion. Despite the modern possibilities of diagnosing and treating CAH, the complete control of the disease cant be achieved in all children. Almost all the children examined had either symptoms of replacement therapy failure or overdose symptoms. Hormonal imbalance disorders were performed by a few children without any symptoms of the disease. Conclusion. During our research we concluded that young children often have issues with an overdose of hormonal drugs and frequent occurrence of salt-wasting crises against the background of associated diseases, while for teenagers, problems associated with an insufficient dose of glucocorticoid drugs are relevant. Also, significant difficulties in the treatment of children with CAH are associated with the short action of hydrocortisone. One way to solve these problems is to organize a school for parents of children with CAH. Creating motivation, explaining the principles of treatment and importance of regular taking of drugs, as well as algorithm in medical emergency is an important step in achieving control for the disease.