Structural Barriers to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Sexual Minority Men: The P18 Cohort Study

Background: Despite decreasing rates of HIV among many populations, HIV-related health disparities among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men persist, with disproportional percentages of new HIV diagnoses among racial and ethnic minority men. Despite increasing awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), PrEP use remains low. In addition to exploring individual-level factors for this slow uptake, structural drivers of PrEP use must also be identified in order to maximize the effectiveness of biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Method: Using cross-sectional data from an ongoing cohort study of young sexual minority men (N=492), we examine the extent to which structural-level barriers, including access to health care, medication logistics, counseling support, and stigma are related to PrEP use. Results: While almost all participants indicated awareness of PrEP, only 14% had ever used PrEP. PrEP use was associated with lower concerns about health care access, particularly paying for PrEP. Those with greater concerns talking with their provider about their sexual behaviors were less likely to use PrEP. Conclusion: Paying for PrEP and talking to one’s provider about sexual behaviors are concerns for young sexual minority men. In particular, stigma from healthcare providers poses a significant barrier to PrEP use in this population. Providers need not only to increase their own awareness of and advocacy for PrEP as an effective risk-management strategy for HIV prevention, but also must work to create open and non-judgmental spaces in which patients can discuss sexual behaviors without the fear of stigma.

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Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Methamphetamine Use among Young Sexual Minority Men: The P18 Cohort Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020712 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 712

Author(s):

Elizabeth Kaplun ◽

Richard J. Martino ◽

Kristen D. Krause ◽

Michael Briganti ◽

Paul A. D’Avanzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Methamphetamine Use ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Minority Men ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among young sexual minority men (SMM). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective strategy for individuals who are exposed to HIV, but there is limited research about PEP use among young SMM and its relationship with methamphetamine use. This study analyzes the association between ever PEP use and recent methamphetamine use among young SMM in New York City, using cross-sectional data from the P18 Cohort Study (n = 429). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between methamphetamine use and ever PEP use. Compared with those who had not used methamphetamine in the last 6 months, young SMM who did use methamphetamine were significantly more likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 6.07, 95% CI: 2.10–16.86). Young SMM who had ever used PrEP had 16 times higher odds of ever using PEP (AOR = 16, 95% CI: 7.41–35.95). Those who completed bachelor’s degrees were 61% less likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88). These data suggest that methamphetamine use could increase the risk of HIV infection, highlighting the critical need to target interventions for young SMM who use methamphetamine and are more likely to engage in unprotected intercourse.

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Sexual Behaviors and HIV/STI Prevention Strategies Among Sexual Minority Men in Ecuador Who Use Geosocial Networking Apps

Archives of Sexual Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10508-021-02093-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Hermosa-Bosano ◽

Clara Paz ◽

Paula Hidalgo-Andrade ◽

Rodrigo Aguayo-Romero

Keyword(s):

Sexual Health ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Sti Prevention ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Hiv Prevention Strategies ◽

Geosocial Networking ◽

Minority Men ◽

Geosocial Networking Apps

AbstractAround the world, geosocial networking apps have become widely popular among sexual minority men (SMM). This research analyzed the sexual behaviors and HIV and STI prevention strategies (HIV/STI testing, HIV/STI inquiry, and HIV/STI disclosure) of an online-recruited sample of 284 SMM living in Ecuador. Sexting and oral sex were the most common sexual behaviors among SMM in the sample. Most participants had low perceptions of HIV and STI risk; 85% reported being tested for HIV and 70% for STIs. Being older predicted higher odds of being tested for either HIV or STIs at least once. Being single also predicted HIV testing. Future interventions in the country should explore apps’ utility as intervention tools to spread information about sexual health and HIV prevention strategies, such as condom use and event-driven PrEP. Apps can also facilitate connections to sexual health services, including programs for PrEP initiation and linkage to HIV treatment. They should also focus on promoting sexual harm reduction conversations among potential app-met sexual partners.

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Sexual Identity, Sexual Behavior and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Black Cisgender Sexual Minority Men: The N2 Cohort Study in Chicago

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-021-03246-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liadh Timmins ◽

John A. Schneider ◽

Yen-Tyng Chen ◽

William C. Goedel ◽

Russell Brewer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Sexual Identity ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Minority Men ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

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HIV risk management among sexual minority men in China: context, lived experience, and implications for pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation

Culture Health & Sexuality ◽

10.1080/13691058.2021.1885740 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Yumeng Wu ◽

Kathrine Meyers ◽

Lu Xie

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Hiv Risk ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Minority Men ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis

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Refining POSSIBLE: A Multicomponent Intervention to Increase HIV Risk Perceptions and PrEP Initiation Among Black Sexual Minority Men (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34181 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Derek Dangerfield ◽

Janeane N. Anderson ◽

Charleen Wylie ◽

Renata Arrington-Sanders ◽

Ricky N. Bluthenthal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Risk ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Hiv Prevention Intervention ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Minority Men ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Increased HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiation is urgently needed to substantially decrease the incidence among Black sexual minority men (BSMM). However, BSMM are less likely than other groups to accept a clinician’s recommendation to initiate PrEP and uptake remains suboptimal. Peers and smartphone apps are popular HIV prevention-intervention mechanisms that are typically used independently. Few studies have combined these strategies into a multi-component intervention to increase PrEP initiation for BSMM. OBJECTIVE This study refined an intervention using a smartphone app and a peer change agent (PCA) to increase HIV risk perceptions (HRP) and PrEP initiation among BSMM. METHODS Data were obtained from 12 focus groups and one in-depth interview among BSMM from Baltimore, MD, between October 2019 and May 2020 (N=39). Groups were stratified by age group: 18-24, 25-34, and 35 and older. Facilitators probed on attitudes towards the app, working with a PCA, and preferences for PCA characteristics. RESULTS Most self-identified as homosexual, gay, or same gender-loving (68%), were employed (69%), single (66%), and interested in self-monitoring sexual behaviors (68.4%). Overall, participants had low HRP and suggested that self-monitoring sexual behaviors could trigger internalized stigma. An acceptable PCA should be a “possible self” for BSMM to aspire. CONCLUSIONS Future research should explore the impact of implementing this strategy on HRP and PrEP initiation among BSMM.

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PEP as a potential antecedent to PrEP among an online sample of HIV-negative and unknown status cis- and transgender sexual minority men: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.31237 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steven A. John ◽

K. Marie Sizemore ◽

Ruben H. Jimenez ◽

S. Scott Jones ◽

Andrew E. Petroll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Sexual Minority ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Sexual Minority Men ◽

Club Drug Use ◽

Unknown Status ◽

Minority Men ◽

Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

Club Drug ◽

Hiv Negative

BACKGROUND HIV disproportionately affects sexual minority men (SMM) in the U.S. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine past HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use and current pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among an online sample of cisgender and transgender men who have sex with men. METHODS In 2019, HIV-negative and unknown status SMM (n=63,015) were recruited via geosocial networking apps, social media, and other online venues to participate in a brief eligibility screening survey. Individuals were asked about past PEP and current PrEP use. We examined associations of demographics, socioeconomic indicators, recent club drug use, and current PrEP use on past PEP use using fully-adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS Prior PEP use was relatively uncommon (11.3%), with 2.66 times more men reporting current PrEP use (30.1%). Most (85.9%) past PEP users were current PrEP users, representing 32.2% of all current PrEP users. In multivariable analysis, current PrEP users had 20.1 times higher odds (95%CI: 18.6-21.6) of past PEP use compared to non-PrEP users. Other factors significantly (p<0.001) associated with past PEP use but with smaller effect sizes included: older age (>24 years old) compared to younger age (AOR=1.15); bisexual identity compared to gay (AOR=0.86); Latino, Black, and other/multiracial race/ethnicity compared to white, individually (AORs=1.37-1.52); having health insurance (AOR=0.80); and recent club drug use (AOR=1.19). CONCLUSIONS Prior PEP use was relatively uncommon in our online sample of SMM, but our findings indicate PEP could potentially be a gateway to PrEP. Advertising and prescribing PEP could support efforts to increase PrEP.

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