Quantitative GC-FID and UHPLC-DAD Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Ginkgo biloba

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-904
Author(s):  
Alessandra von Ahn ◽  
João Henrique Z. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Ginkgolide A ◽  
Terpene Trilactones

Background: The official compendium of the quantification of ginkgo flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract has been proposed using HPLC. The drawbacks of this technique appear to be due to the restricted efficiency in terms of the recovery results and suitability of the system for the quantification of these compounds. This study investigated the potential advantages and limitations of the development of efficient extraction methods for the recovery of flavonol glycosides (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and terpene trilactones (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) using extraction, quantification and detection techniques, namely, GC-FID and UHPLC-DAD, which are alternatives to those techniques available in the literature. Methods: Two different extraction methodologies have been developed for the determination of flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and terpene trilactones (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector. Results: In this study, the Ginkgo biloba extract mass, hydrolysis preparation method (with or without reflux), and volume of the extraction solution seemed to affect the ginkgo flavonoid recovery. The UHPLC-based method exhibited higher extraction efficiency for ginkgo flavonoid quantification compared to the pharmacopoeial method. The developed method exhibited higher extraction efficiency for terpene quantification compared to the previous method that used extractive solution without pH adjustment, with less time of extraction and less amount of the sample and organic solvent aliquots. Conclusion: The UHPLC and GC analysis methods established in this study are both effective and efficient. These methods may improve the quality control procedures for ginkgo extract and commercial products available in today´s natural health product market. The results indicate that redeveloped extraction methods can be a viable alternative to traditional extraction methods.

Effect of Levopimaradiene on Terpene Trilactones Biosynthesis and Gene Expression Profiling in Ginkgo biloba Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Jianhua Zhu ◽  
Pu Wang ◽  
Minghua Qian ◽  
Chuxin Liang ◽  
Jiachen Zi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Mep Pathway ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Ginkgolide A ◽  
Terpene Trilactones

Ginkgolides (GKs) and Bilobalide (BB) are rare terpene trilactones obtained from Ginkgo biloba, but their biosynthetic pathway is still unclear. In this paper, effects of levopimaradiene (LP) on increasing the production of terpene trilactones of G. biloba dedifferentiated cells (DDCs) and cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) were reported. The productions of ginkgolide A (GA) and ginkgolide B (GB) were 1.61 and 1.32 folds larger than that of the control groups when G. biloba DDCs was treated with LP, and the productions of ginkgolide C (GC) and BB reached 234 and 161 μg L−1 after treated with LP for 60 h. The production of GA, GB, GC and BB was 2.03, 1.43, 1.22 and 1.19 folds larger than that of the control groups in LP-treated CMCs groups. The results demonstrated that BB could be produced from the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. qRT-PCR experiments showed that LP was a significant precursor manipulated the biosynthesis of terpene trilactones via affecting the transcript levels of several related genes in the MEP pathway.

scholarly journals Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Ginkgo biloba

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Manisha P. More ◽  
Anuja S. Motule ◽  
Prajakta N. Dongare ◽  
Prerna A. Patinge ◽  
Rahul D. Jawarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ginkgolide B ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Ginkgolide A ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Different Parts

In the present review, we are highlighted various pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the different parts of plant Ginkgo biloba. Leaves are mainly potential source of phytochemical constituents. The plant encompasses variety of pharmacological activities namely antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, etc. The pharmacological profile of plant is mainly attributed to the presence of chemicals such as Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide C, Bilobalide, Ginkgotoxin, ginkgolides and bilobalide are the major constituents. The pills with the highest concentration of plant extract (100 mg) allow the intake of the highest antioxidants concentration. It is also used along with 5-flurouracil in cancer treatment. There is need to explore more activities of the plant.

scholarly journals Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Role of Ginkgo biloba in Neurological and Cerebrovascular Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. IMI.S25054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Nash ◽  
Zahoor A. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Ginkgolide A ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual

Ginkgo biloba extract is an alternative medicine available as a standardized formulation, EGb 761®, which consists of ginkgolides, bilobalide, and flavonoids. The individual constituents have varying therapeutic mechanisms that contribute to the pharmacological activity of the extract as a whole. Recent studies show anxiolytic properties of ginkgolide A, migraine with aura treatment by ginkgolide B, a reduction in ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity by bilobalide, and an alternative antihypertensive property of quercetin, among others. These findings have been observed in EGb 761 as well and have led to clinical investigation into its use as a therapeutic for conditions such as cognition, dementia, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. This review explores the therapeutic mechanisms of the individual EGb 761 constituents to explain the pharmacology as a whole and its clinical application to cardiovascular and neurological disorders, in particular ischemic stroke.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document