Cutaneous and Mixed Nerve Silent Period Recordings in Symptomatic Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia

Objective: The underlying neurophysiologic mechanism responsible for secondary paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is still unclear. Here, we study the pathogenesis of PKD in two patients with a demyelinating lesion in the spinal cord. Methods: Electromyogram recordings from affected arms of two patients with spinal cord lesions presenting PKD were compared with our laboratory standards. The cutaneous silent period (CuSP), mixed nerve silent period (MnSP) and coincidence period (CiP), defined as the common period between the CuSP and MnSP, were recorded. Results: A large decrease in the MnSP and disappearance of the CiP were observed in our patients, which was secondary to simultaneous extinction of the third portion of the MnSP, while the CuSP was normal. The MnSP and CiP were normal after recovery. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the third portion of the MnSP and the CuSP do not correspond to the same physiologic process. These findings suggest that PKD patients have abnormal spinal interneuron integration.

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Relationship between Cutaneous Silent Period Characteristics and Lesion Site in the Cervical Spinal Cord

Journal of Spine & Neurosurgery ◽

10.4172/2325-9701.1000275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 06 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Tadokoro N ◽

Kiyasu K ◽

Kasai Y ◽

Kawasaki M ◽

Takemasa R ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Silent Period ◽

Lesion Site ◽

Cutaneous Silent Period

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Inhibition of motoneurons during the cutaneous silent period in the spinal cord of the turtle

Experimental Brain Research ◽

10.1007/s00221-012-3111-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 220 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robertas Guzulaitis ◽

Jorn Hounsgaard ◽

Aidas Alaburda

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Silent Period ◽

Cutaneous Silent Period

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III.—Morphological Studies on the Echinoidea Holectypoida and their Allies

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800138476 ◽

1917 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 249-256

Author(s):

Herbert L. Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Common Origin ◽

Normal Type ◽

The Third ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Apical System ◽

The Common

The characters of the apical system of a series of Holectypus hemisphæricus from the same horizon at two localities in Dorsetshire are analysed and described. It is found that the average relations of the plates of the system are different at the two localities, although certain numbers of identical forms occur at both. Out of 189 specimens (from both localities), 40 show serious departures from the normal type. These abnormalities are of three classes. One, the most prevalent, consists in the presence of madreporic pores on genital 3, in addition to the normal perforation of genital 2. This is regarded as a “progressive variant” in the direction of Discoides. The second, occurring in three specimens, consists in the interpolation of a supernumerary plate within the system. It is suggested that this may be either a “regressive variant” towards Acrosalenia, or a “progressive variant” towards Nucleolites (as illustrated by N.orlicularis). In neither case would this variation coincide with actual phyletic sequence, so that it is styled “parallel variation”. The third type of variant, seen in one specimen only, combines both the first and second types, and in addition shows an absence of genital 5 and a corresponding increase in the size of the posterior oculars, which meet round the back of the system. The variation in this specimen is interpreted as being “progressive” towards Discoides, “parallel progressive” or “regressive” towards Nucleolites or Acrosalenia respectively, and “progressive” towards Conulus. There are indications of a different series of variants in the Holectypus depressus from the Cornbrash. The high percentage of variation in the composition of the apical system of Holectypus is regarded as an indication of the evolutional activity of the genus, and of its near approximation in time and phylogeny to the common origin of many of the groups of Irregular Echinoids.

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MRI of the Entire Spinal Cord—Worth the While or Waste of Time? A Retrospective Study of 74 Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11081424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1424

Author(s):

Esben Nyborg Poulsen ◽

Anna Olsson ◽

Stefan Gustavsen ◽

Annika Reynberg Langkilde ◽

Annette Bang Oturai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Anatomical Location ◽

Spinal Cord Lesions ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Mcdonald Criteria ◽

Chi Square Test

Spinal cord lesions are included in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet spinal cord MRI is not mandatory for diagnosis according to the latest revisions of the McDonald Criteria. We investigated the distribution of spinal cord lesions in MS patients and examined how it influences the fulfillment of the 2017 McDonald Criteria. Seventy-four patients with relapsing-remitting MS were examined with brain and entire spinal cord MRI. Sixty-five patients received contrast. The number and anatomical location of MS lesions were assessed along with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). A Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test, and one-sided McNemar’s test were used to test distributions. MS lesions were distributed throughout the spinal cord. Diagnosis of dissemination in space (DIS) was increased from 58/74 (78.4%) to 67/74 (90.5%) when adding cervical spinal cord MRI to brain MRI alone (p = 0.004). Diagnosis of dissemination in time (DIT) was not significantly increased when adding entire spinal cord MRI to brain MRI alone (p = 0.04). There was no association between the number of spinal cord lesions and the EDSS score (p = 0.71). MS lesions are present throughout the spinal cord, and spinal cord MRI may play an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of MS patients.

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