Evaluation of Discharging Surplus Soils for Relative Stirred Deep Mixing Methods by MPS-CAE Analysis

Most of the ground in Japan is soft, leading to great damage in the event of liquefaction. Various ground-improvement measures are being taken to suppress such damage. However, it is difficult to carry out ground-improvement work while checking the internal conditions of the ground during the construction. Therefore, a visible and measurable evaluation of the performance of the ground-improvement work was conducted in this study. The authors performed a simulation analysis of the relative stirred deep mixing method (RS-DMM), a kind of ground-improvement method, using a computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis based on particle-based methods (PBMs). In the RS-DMM, the “displacement reduction type (DRT)” suppresses displacement during construction. Both the DRT and the normal type (NT) were simulated, and a visible and measurable evaluation was performed on the internal conditions during each construction, the quality of the improved body, and the displacement reduction performance. As an example of these results, it was possible to visually evaluate the discharge of surplus soil by the spiral rod attached to the stirring wing of the DRT. In addition, the authors succeeded in quantitatively showing that more surplus soil was discharged when the stirring wing of the DRT was used than when the stirring wing of the NT was used.

Organelle Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Novel Alloplasmic Male Sterility with orf112 in Brassica oleracea L.

B. oleracea Ogura CMS is an alloplasmic male-sterile line introduced from radish by interspecific hybridization and protoplast fusion. The introduction of alien cytoplasm resulted in many undesirable traits, which affected the yield of hybrids. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the composition and reduce the content of alien cytoplasm in B. oleracea Ogura CMS. In the present study, we sequenced, assembled, and compared the organelle genomes of Ogura CMS cabbage and its maintainer line. The chloroplast genome of Ogura-type cabbage was completely derived from normal-type cabbage, whereas the mitochondrial genome was recombined from normal-type cabbage and Ogura-type radish. Nine unique regions derived from radish were identified in the mitochondrial genome of Ogura-type cabbage, and the total length of these nine regions was 35,618 bp, accounting for 13.84% of the mitochondrial genome. Using 32 alloplasmic markers designed according to the sequences of these nine regions, one novel sterile source with less alien cytoplasm was discovered among 305 materials and named Bel CMS. The size of the alien cytoplasm in Bel CMS was 21,587 bp, accounting for 8.93% of its mtDNA, which was much less than that in Ogura CMS. Most importantly, the sterility gene orf138 was replaced by orf112, which had a 78-bp deletion, in Bel CMS. Interestingly, Bel CMS cabbage also maintained 100% sterility, although orf112 had 26 fewer amino acids than orf138. Field phenotypic observation showed that Bel CMS was an excellent sterile source with stable 100% sterility and no withered buds at the early flowering stage, which could replace Ogura CMS in cabbage heterosis utilization.

20 July 2017 Bodrum-Kos Earthquake (Mw:6.6) in southwestern Anatolia, Turkey

In the Aegean Sea, the western part of Gökova Gulf, Kos and Bodrum were struck by a 6.6 (Mw) earthquake on July 20, 2017. The fault plane solution for the main shock shows an E-W striking normal type fault with approximately N-S (N4°E) tensional axis (T-axis). Fault plane solutions of 33 aftershocks show two groups of normal type fault with E-W and NE-SW to ENE-WSW orientations. The inversion of the focal mechanisms of the aftershocks yields two different normal faulting stress regimes: one is characterized by an approximately N-S (N5°E) σ3 axis (minimum horizontal stress axis). This extension is obtained from 13 focal mechanisms of aftershocks with approximately E-W direction. The other is characterized by approximately NW-SE (N330°E) σ3 axis. The latter is calculated from 21 seismic faults of aftershocks with approximately NE-SW direction. These aftershocks occurred on relatively small-scale faults that were directed from NE-SW to ENE-WSW, and possibly contributed to expansion of the basin in the west. The 24 focal mechanisms of earthquakes which occurred since 1933 in and around Gökova Basin are introduced into the inversion analysis to obtain the stress state effective in a wider region. The inversion yields an extensional stress regime characterized by an approximately N-S (N355°E) σ3 axis. The E-W directional metric faults, measured in the central part of Gökova Fault Zone bordering the Gökova Gulf in the north, also indicate N-S extension. The NE-SW extension obtained from NE-SW aftershocks appears to be more local and is responsible for the expansion of the western part of the asymmetric Gökova Basin. This N-S extension which appears to act on a regional-scale may be attributed to the geodynamic effects related to the combined forces of the southwestward extrusion of Anatolia and the roll-back process of African subduction beneath Anatolia.

A community effort to assess and improve computerized interpretation of 12-lead resting electrocardiogram

Computerized interpretation of electrocardiogram plays an important role in daily cardiovascular healthcare. However, inaccurate interpretations lead to misdiagnoses and delay proper treatments. In this work, we built a high-quality Chinese 12-lead resting electrocardiogram dataset with 15,357 records, and called for a community effort to improve the performances of CIE through the China ECG AI Contest 2019. This dataset covers most types of ECG interpretations, including the normal type, 8 common abnormal types, and the other type which includes both uncommon abnormal and noise signals. Based on the Contest, we systematically assessed and analyzed a set of top-performing methods, most of which are deep neural networks, with both their commonalities and characteristics. This study establishes the benchmarks for computerized interpretation of 12-lead resting electrocardiogram and provides insights for the development of new methods.

Assessment of the state of coenopopulations Erythronium sibiricum (Fischer et Meyer) Krylov in anthropogenically disturbed areas of Kuzbass

This article presents the results of studies of cenopopulations of the Erythronium sibiricum in the disturbedareas of Kemerovo region. Erythronium sibiricum is a rare plant listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. To assess the condition of the cenopulations of the studied species in disturbed territories, research was carried out on an oldlimestone quarry (kandyk-sedge birch forest, anthropogenically altered birch-pine forest) and on anthropogenically disturbed meadows. 4 phytocenoses of various compositions have been studied. As a result of research, it was found that inthe kandyk-sedge birch forest Erythronium sibiricum occupies 10 % of the herbaceous cover, in the anthropogenically altered birch-pine forest – 5 %, in anthropogenically disturbed grasslands Erythronium sibiricum occurs singly and makesup less than 1% of the herbaceous cover. Under the forest canopy, the biometric indicators of generative individuals of thisspecies are higher than in meadow communities, where, for example, the length of generative shoots is 6–8 cm less, or generative individuals are absent. No seedlings, senile and dying individuals were found in the age spectrum of Erythroniumsibiricum cenopulations. Reproduction of the species occurs by seed. In the age structure, all cenopulations are left-handed, incomplete, of the normal type.

Ovarian resection for menorrhagia

On the basis of his, though not numerous, observations, Khler (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1923, no. 44) finds that with menorrhagias that do not respond to drug treatment, it is useful to resort to partial resection of the ovaries: menstruation after this operation, while maintaining their normal type, become much less abundant, and no climacteric disorders are observed.

Which Tools in Multimedia Are Best for Learning Outcomes? A Study Grounded in Cognitive Load Structures

The main objective of this study is to investigate the importance of three compositions in multimedia for learning outcomes (LOs) in relation to individual differences in short-term memory (STM) capacity. The study is based on a survey of 378 individuals at the bachelor level (military officers, teachers, and psychology students). The LOs of three different multimedia compositions (means) were tested. This applied to individuals with low, medium, and high STM capacity. The results show that the successive presentation (Type II) of learning materials through multiple representation forms/channels (speech, pictures, and screen text/labels) provides a better LO than just speech (Type I) and simultaneous presentation (Type III). Overall, visual and verbal channel capacities did not contribute to the LO in any of the three tools tested, but some specific STM capacity types or substructures (visual and verbal progressive capacities) and non-verbal (RAPM) types have significance, particularly in exploiting successive presentation (Type II) for learning. Although the tools used in the multimedia educational material had a low cognitive load, the individuals with low capacity learned relatively less than the individuals with higher capacity. A symbolic form of expression was introduced concerning the relationship between cognitive load structure (CLS) and LOs through various tools in multimedia as an aid in the theoretical and empirical analyses. This is referred to as the CLS-LO formula. The main assumption of this study, based on previous empirical and theoretical ones, is that the relationship between CLS and LO is expressed with the following CLS-LO formula: CLSTypeIII>CLSTypeII>CLSTypeI→LOTypeIII>LOTypeI>LOTypeII. Based on this study, the relationship became: CLSTypeIII>CLSTypeI>CLSTypeII→LOTypeII>LOTypeI=LOTypeIII. This basic research study is primarily a contribution to understanding underlying cognitive processes in STM and their importance for learning in multimodal forms compared with analogue text. The findings will also be relevant as a basis for performance analysis and decision-making under high information pressure, risk, and unpredictable conditions.

Gametophytic phase of the Indonesian ferns Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar and Christella subpubescens (Blume) Holttum (Thelypteridaceae)

The gametophytic generation of Amblovenatum immersum and Christella subpubescens (Thelypteridaceae), including spore germination, morphological development of the gametophytes, major vegetative features and reproduction strategies, was studied. For both species, the spore germination was of the Vittaria type and the developmental pattern was of the Drynaria type. Adult gametophytes were cordate and hairy, with unicellular and secretory hairs located in the margins and both the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the prothalli. C. subpubescens has another type of acicular hairs only in the margin of the prothallus. Gametangia were of the normal type described for leptosporangiate ferns. In A. immersum all the gametophytes were female. In C. subpubescens the gametophytes produced at first instance female gametangia and then became bisexual with time. Antheridiogen activity was observed in both species, suggested by the presence of small young ameristic gametophytes with antheridia surrounding well-developed female ones.

Thermonuclear explosion of a massive hybrid HeCO white-dwarf triggered by a He-detonation on a companion

Normal type Ia supernovae (SNe) are thought to arise from the thermonuclear explosion of massive (>0.8 M⊙) carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WDs), although the exact mechanism is debated. In some models helium accretion on to a carbon-oxygen (CO) WD from a companion was suggested to dynamically trigger a detonation of the accreted helium shell. The helium detonation then produces a shock that after converging on itself close to the core of the CO-WD, triggers a secondary carbon detonation and gives rise to an energetic explosion. However, most studies of such scenarios have been done in one or two dimensions, and/or did not consider self-consistent models for the accretion and the He-donor. Here we make use of detailed 3D simulation to study the interaction of a He-rich hybrid 0.69 M⊙ HeCO WD with a more massive 0.8 M⊙ CO WD. We find that accretion from the hybrid WD on to the CO WD gives rise to a helium detonation. However, the helium detonation does not trigger a carbon detonation in the CO WD. Instead, the helium detonation burns through the accretion stream to also burn the helium shell of the donor hybrid HeCO-WD. The detonation of its massive helium shell then compresses its CO core, and triggers its detonation and full destruction. The explosion gives rise to a faint, likely highly reddened transient, potentially observable by the Vera Rubin survey, and the high-velocity (∼1000 kms−1) ejection of the heated surviving CO WD companion. Pending on uncertainties in stellar evolution we estimate the rate of such transient to be up to $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the rate of type Ia SNe.