scholarly journals Facial Soft Tissue Thickness of Midline in an Iranian Sample: MRI Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masume Johari ◽  
Farzad Esmaeili ◽  
Hadi Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

Background and Aim: To identify human skeletal remains, different methods can be used and using these techniques, important data can be obtained. However, facial reconstruction is the last method to indentify unknown human faces which requires knowledge about facial soft tissue thickness in the different positions of the face. The present study determined the facial soft tissue thickness in the different landmark points on the MRI images of patients referred to Radiology Department of Shahid Madani Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional trial, MRI images of 179 patients (61 males, 118 females) in the age range of 18-76 years old who did not show any pathologic lesions, were selected. The measurements of the facial soft tissue were done on 12 landmark points on the midline area by two radiologist observers using specific software on the images. The differences in the soft tissue thickness in these landmark points were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U (in term of gender) and Kruskal-Wallis tests (in terms of Body Mass Index [BMI] and age groups). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The data were compared with the results of other studies. Results: The results obtained in the present study were higher than Turkish and American studies in most of the landmark points. Facial soft tissue thickness in most of the landmarks was more in males than females. In some of the landmarks, significant differences were found between emaciated, normal and overweight patients while in most cases, soft tissue thickness increased with the increased BMI. In some cases, significant differences were noted between soft tissue thickness values among the different age groups, in which the thickness increased or thinned with the increased age. Statistical Analysis: There were statistically significant associations between the presence and surface area of Haller cells and the occurrence of ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis. Neither the angulation of the uncinate process nor the size of the maxillary sinus ostium significantly correlates with the formation of maxillary sinusitis. Conclusion: The data achieved in the present study can be used for the facial reconstruction purposes in the Iranian population; however, the slight differences existing between the studied population and other subgroup races must be considered for accurate reconstructions.

Repeatability of facial soft tissue thickness measurements for forensic facial reconstruction using X-ray images

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Bulut ◽  
Kahraman Gungor ◽  
Nicolle Thiemann ◽  
Ismail Hizliol ◽  
Safa Gurcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurements

scholarly journals Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Forensic Facial Reconstruction: Is it enough if Norms Set?

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayathri Ramesh Ramesh ◽  
Nagarajappa Gadiputi Sreedhar ◽  
Masineni Narayanappa
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

scholarly journals DEVELOPING A UNIFIED FACIAL TISSUE THICKNESS MODEL FROM NEUROIMAGING DATA FOR SRI LANKA USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 354-362
Author(s):  
Lochana T. Batuwitage ◽  
Aparni Jayawardena ◽  
Himashi Sandamini ◽  
Roshan N. Rajapakse ◽  
Damitha D. Karunaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
National Level ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Processing Techniques

Facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) is essential to forensic anthropologists for facial reconstruction- recreating a recognizable face from an unidentified skull and to plastic surgeons for treatment planning. Together with the age and sex of a person, the facial profile is related to facial soft tissue thickness, which is required for accurate facial reconstruction and recognition. Having such a facial profile in the national level is very important for a country since FSTT changes according to the geographical factors. In this paper we are presenting a review on literature associated with this topic describing the methods used for data collection, measuring FSTT and analyzing those values along with the method we are proposing to be followed in the research we are to conduct in the Sri Lankan context.

Facial soft tissue thickness trends for selected age groups of Sri Lankan adult population

2018 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 102.e1-102.e11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himashi Sandamini ◽  
Aparni Jayawardena ◽  
Lochana Batuwitage ◽  
Roshan Rajapakse ◽  
Damitha Karunaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

The development and testing of Thai facial soft tissue thickness data in three-dimensional computerized forensic facial reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 002580242110576
Author(s):  
Pagorn Navic ◽  
Patison Palee ◽  
Sangsom Prapayasatok ◽  
Sukon Prasitwattanaseree ◽  
Apichat Sinthubua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Computer Animation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Virtual Face

Forensic facial reconstruction is a useful tool to assist the public in recognizing human remains, leading to positive forensic investigation outcomes. To reproduce a virtual face, facial soft tissue thickness is one of the major guidelines to reach the accuracy and reliability for three-dimensional computerized facial reconstruction, a method that is making a significant contribution to improving forensic investigation and identification. This study aimed to develop a facial soft tissue thickness dataset for a Thai population, and test its reliability in the context of facial reconstruction. Three-dimensional facial reconstruction was conducted on four skulls (2 males and 2 females, with ages ranging between 51 to 60 years). Two main tools of three-dimensional computer animation and modeling software—Blender and Autodesk Maya—were used to rebuild the three-dimensional virtual face. The three-dimensional coordinate ( x, y, z) cutaneous landmarks on the mesh templates were aligned homologous to the facial soft tissue thickness markers on the three-dimensional skull model. The final three-dimensional virtual face was compared to the target frontal photograph using face pool comparison. Four three-dimensional virtual faces were matched at low to moderate levels, ranging from 30% to 70% accuracy. These results demonstrate that the facial soft tissue thickness database of a Thai population applied in this study could be useful for three-dimensional computerized facial reconstruction purposes.

scholarly journals Determination of Soft Tissue Thickness of Face for Facial Reconstruction - An Autopsy Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 3267-3271
Author(s):  
Bindu Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND Facial reconstruction aims to reconstruct the face of an unknown individual for identification. It is a process of recreating the face of a human being based on skull remains and can be used to identify otherwise unknown individuals or to reconstruct faces of historical figures. The measurement of facial soft tissue thickness is the basis of this method. The data obtained from various studies are charted and used as a guide for facial reconstruction. This study intended at determining the average soft tissue thickness of the face in 21 different points for the purpose of facial reconstruction in males and females. METHODS For the study, 144 cases belonging to the age of 21 to 60 years were brought for autopsy in the Department of Forensic medicine, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. They were divided into equal number of males and females. The soft tissue thickness was taken by needle puncture technique. Statistical analysis was done and the mean values in males and females and their age wise comparisons were obtained. Males and females showed strong positive correlation with age at certain points and the data obtained from this study provides a basis for facial reconstruction in the South Indian population. RESULTS Differences in mean values of general parameters and soft tissue thickness of face in different age groups and in both sexes and the coefficient of variation were also calculated at all points in both sexes. The mean values of height, weight were more in males than in females. The difference in the mean values of width of nose, width of forehead and the width of upper lip in females in different age groups was statistically significant. Among the soft tissue thicknesses at midline points of face, the difference in the mean values at the region of mid philtrum was statistically significant in males and females in different age groups. The difference in the mean values of soft tissue thickness in the lower lip in different age groups showed a statistical significance in males and females. Among the bilateral points of face, the difference in the mean values of soft tissue thickness of face in the region of right supraorbital, right and left gonion region showed a statistical significance in males in different age groups. In females, the left suborbital, right and left occlusal line and left mid zygomatic region showed a statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study gave a set of average soft tissue thickness of face at 21 different points for an accurate reproduction of the skull in the South Indian population. In this study, the soft tissue thickness at midline and bilateral points were established. Further research in this field of facial reconstruction should incorporate various components of facial anatomy using modern imaging technology. A statistical analysis of multiple variables including other landmarks and various characteristics of the face could open up more relationships and would eventually lead to much more precise reconstruction. KEY WORDS Soft Tissue Thickness; Facial Reconstruction; South Indian Population

A dense approach for computation of facial soft tissue thickness data

2021 ◽  
pp. 200460
Author(s):  
Diana Toneva ◽  
Silviya Nikolova ◽  
Stanislav Harizanov ◽  
Dora Zlatareva ◽  
Vassil Hadjidekov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

Midsagittal facial soft tissue thickness norms in an adult Mediterranean population

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 217.e1-217.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Ayoub ◽  
Maria Saadeh ◽  
Georges Rouhana ◽  
Ramzi Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness

scholarly journals Relationship of captive bolt stunning location with basic tissue measurements and exposed cross-sectional brain area in cadaver heads from market pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1405-1409
Author(s):  
Karly Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Ries ◽  
Jacob Backes ◽  
Katherine Bishop ◽  
Miranda Boll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Alternative Location ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Total Tissue

Abstract The objective of this study was to contrast the soft tissue thickness, cranial thickness, total tissue thickness, cross-sectional brain area, and bolt–brain contact from the common frontal application of captive bolt euthanasia with the alternative location behind the ear in cadaver swine heads. Twenty-three cadaver heads from pigs that were approximately 136 kg and 6 mo of age were collected from a regional slaughter establishment following CO2 stunning and assigned to either the FRONTAL (n = 11) or the CAUDAL TO PINNA (n = 12) application of the captive bolt. The soft tissue thickness was different (P < 0.0001) between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 8.3 ± 3.4 mm; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 56.5 ± 3.4 mm). The cranial thickness was different (P < 0.0001) between the applications (FRONTAL: 23.4 ± 2.9 mm; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 26.5 ± 2.9 mm). There was also a difference (P < 0.0001) in the total tissue thickness between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 31.7 ± 3.8 mm; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 73.4 ± 3.8 mm). Cross-sectional area was calculated from images collected immediately after the heads were cut along the plane of bolt travel by bandsaw and was different (P = 0.0028) between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 25.2 ± 1.3 cm2; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 18.9 ± 1.3 cm2). Bolt–brain contact was also assessed from the images, and a difference (P = 0.0360) between the 2 applications (FRONTAL: 100 ± 10.5%; CAUDAL TO PINNA: 66.7 ± 10.5%) was identified. The results of this study suggest that the FRONTAL application may provide a bolt path with less tissue to travel through when compared with the CAUDAL TO PINNA application for pigs of the approximate age and weight of those in this study. Ultimately, the FRONTAL location may present less risk for the captive bolt euthanasia of swine at market weight at this time. Additional refinement of the CAUDAL TO PINNA procedure and modification to the captive bolt device to penetrate to a suitable depth to ensure brain damage is recommended.

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