Coronavirus disease 19 is a global pandemic which infects over millions of people worldwide in a limited time and changes the lifestyle, clinical spectrum lies from asymptomatic infection to pneumonitis with cardiorespiratory failure and finally death. Higher mortality occurs in senior and who are suffering from co-morbidities like chronic kidney disease, (HTN) hypertension, (DM TYPE II) diabetes mellitus or (CVD) cardiovascular diseases. However, rather than normal individuals, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are under higher risk for infections. The chronic systemic inflammatory state is a significant cause for morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. The objective of this review is to discuss the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in CKD, changes observed in the immune system of CKD patients, COVID-19 infections risk in CKD and therapeutic approach of COVID-19 in CKD patients. From the standpoint of frequent renal co-morbidities in covid19 patients, renal complications were explored in covid19 patients received at level 2 tertiary care Santosh Hospital, Ghaziabad, U.P. Delhi-NCR India during March to August 2020 as per the protocol of Nephrology Society of India. Relevant clinical trials were reviewed in support. Meta-analysis and clinical trials are covered in this review study. Duplicate studies are not taken into account. The outcome of the studies shows that CKD patients are more prone to COVID-19. CKD patients are more likely infected with COVID-19 virus. Whereas in intensive care, CKD occurs more frequent than DM type II and CVD. So,COVID-19 pathogenesis in CKD patients, risk of COVID-19, immunologic changes and therapy COVID-19 in CKD can add support in the effective management of COVID-19.
Corrigendum to: Clarithromycin versus Amoxicillin alone or with Clavulanate in Acute Maxillary Sinusitis: A Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials