The Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis Among Malaysian Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Quantitative Ultrasound Densitometer

Background:Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are both chronic conditions and the relationship between them is complex.Objective:The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of Low Bone Mineral density (LBMD,i.e., osteopenia and osteoporosis), as well as, the difference and associations between Quantitative Ultrasound Scan (QUS) parameters with socio-demographic data and clinical related data among T2DM in Penang, Malaysia.Method:An observational, cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 450 T2DM patients were recruited from the outpatient diabetes clinic at Hospital Pulau Pinang (HPP) to measure Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at the heel bone using QUS. In addition, a self-reported structured questionnaire about the socio-demographic data and osteoporosis risk factors were collected. Moreover, the study included the retrospective collection of clinical data from patients’ medical records.Results:The mean value of T-score for normal BMD, osteopenic and osteoporotic patients’ were (-0.41±0.44), (-1.65±0.39) and (-2.76±0.27), respectively. According to QUS measurements, more than three quarters of T2DM patients (82%) were at high risk of abnormal BMD. The results showed that QUS scores were significantly associated with age, gender, menopausal duration, educational level and diabetic related data. Moreover, the QUS parameters and T-scores demonstrated significant negative correlation with age, menopausal duration, diabetic duration and glycaemic control, as well as, a positive correlation with body mass index and waist to hip ratio. The current study revealed that none of the cardiovascular disease risk factors appear to influence the prevalence of low BMD among T2DM Malaysian patients.Conclusion:The study findings revealed that the assessment of T2DM patients’ bone health and related factor are essential and future educational programs are crucial to improve osteoporosis management.

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Risk Factors of Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Osteoporosis and Effects of Vitamin K1 on Bone Mineral Density and Insulin Resistance

American Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.11648/j.ajls.20190701.13 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Lei Sun

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vitamin K1 ◽

Mineral Density

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Bone mineral density of axial skeleton in type 2 diabetic patients

Bone ◽

10.1016/j.bone.2010.04.435 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. S185

Author(s):

A. Shepelkevich ◽

N. Vasilieva ◽

O. Baranova ◽

E. Reunova

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Axial Skeleton ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Correlation of Osteoporosis in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study in Chinese Population

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.531904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yuhua Wen ◽

Huijuan Li ◽

Xiaoya Zhang ◽

Peipei Liu ◽

Jing Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Tracp 5B

This study aimed to explore the risk factors attributed to osteoporosis in newly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to recruit 244 T2DM patients and 218 non-diabetic controls. We collected demographic characteristics, medical history, bone mineral density and biomarkers including bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin, N-terminal peptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRCAP-5b), β-Cross Laps of type I collagen-containing cross-linked C-telopeptide (β-CTX), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone were recorded or detected. Bone mineral density (BMD) was our primary outcome. Based on the result of BMD, we divided both the control group and T2DM group into three subgroups: normal bone mass, osteopenia and osteoporosis. In control group, we found age, sex, menopausal status, BMI, P1NP, BALP, TRACP-5b, osteocalcin, and corrected serum calcium are differential among three subgroups. In T2DM group, we found age, sex, menopausal status, drinking status, BMI, HbA1c, TRACP-5b and OC were differential among three subgroups. In T2DM and control groups, age, female, postmenopausal status, BALP, TRACP-5b and osteocalcin were positively correlated while BMI was negatively correlated with osteoporosis. In control group, β-CTX was positively correlated with osteoporosis. In T2DM group, HbA1c and corrected serum calcium concentration were positively correlated with osteoporosis. After further adjustment of age, BMI in male, TRACP-5b was positively correlated with the risk of osteoporosis in newly diagnosed T2DM. After adjusted of age, BMI and menopausal status in female, OC was positively correlated with the risk of osteoporosis in newly diagnosed T2DM and controls. In female T2DM, BALP and P1NP were positively correlated with the risk of osteoporosis. In conclusion, age, BMI and menopausal status are common risk factors for osteoporosis in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, however TRACP-5b, BALP and osteocalcin are special risk factors for osteoporosis in newly diagnosed T2DM patients but not non-diabetic patients, which may be applied to identify osteoporosis risk in T2DM patients, but this result needs to be proven with fracture data.

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Skin autofluorescence is associated with low bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic patients

Journal of Clinical Densitometry ◽

10.1016/j.jocd.2021.11.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dilek Gogas Yavuz ◽

Tugce Apaydin

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Skin Autofluorescence ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Low Bone Mineral Density ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Fragility fractures and bone remodeling in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet2017311-18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tatiana O. Yalochkina ◽

Zhanna E. Belaya

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Fragility ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Severe Diabetes ◽

Increased Risk

Fracture risk is significantly increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and individuals with diabetes experience worse fracture outcomes compared to normoglycemic individuals. Patients with T1DM have decreased bone mineral density (BMD), whereas patients with T2DM demonstrate increased BMD compared to healthy control. The latest studies show increased incidence of low-traumatic fractures in patients with T2DM instead of high bone mineral density (BMD). The risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with T2DM can be explained by disease complications and increased risk of falls and consequent trauma. However, the most important cause of bone fragility in T2DM is the deterioration in bone microarchitecture, the mechanism of which is not completely understood. High BMD in patients with T2DM does not allow us to use dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry as a gold standard test for diagnosticsof osteoporosis. Consequently,new risk factors and diagnostic algorithm as well as treatment strategy should be developed for patients with T2DM. In addition to this, some researchers considered that the group of T2DM is geterogenous and physicians might face patients with osteoporosis and mild diabetes that add very little to bone fragility; patients with osteoporosis and moderate or severe diabetes which also affects bone tissue diabetoosteoporosis; and patients without osteoporosis but severe diabetes which cause bone tissue deterioration with the development of diabetic bone disease. New diagnostic tools and algorithm and new experimental research are needed for better understanding bone deterioration in patients with T2DM. This review summarizes our current knowledge on fracture rate, risk factors for fractures and causes of bone deterioration in subjects with T2DM.

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