Nano-formulations for Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
T. Anitha Sironmani
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Diagnostic Agent

Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is caused by a virus of the genus Aphthovirus, family Picornaviridae which includes several members of medical importance, Multiple subtypes or antigenic variants within each serotype, which make the vaccine from one serotype does not confer protection against the other serotype. Methods: Green synthesized silver nanoparticles were functionalized with FMDV antigen /antibody. The functionalized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV -Visible spectrophotometer, Fluorescence Spectrophotometer etc. Immunomodulation study, efficacy and toxicity tests on the final product were carried out. Results: The protein profile after immunoprecipitation with AntiFMD antibody analysed on a 12.5% SDS-PAGE which corresponded to the viral proteins. The western blot analysis confirmed the same pattern. When the infected mice were treated with functionalised silver nanoparticles, all mice were recovered from the disease within 12 hrs. The field trial of these nanoformulations showed 100% recovery of the animals with minimum neutralizing antibody without any other physiological problems. Conclusion: Surface modification of silver nanoparticles can create multifunctional materials with potential applications. Nanoformulations developed by functionalizing whole FMD viral protein /antibody with that of silver nanoparticles, elicite an optimal immuno-protective response and as diagnostic agent against foot and mouth disease causing virus The easy method of preparation of nanoparticle, the flexibility of functionalization techniques, long shelf life without cold chain protection and minimum single low dosage reveals the feasibility of this nanoformulation applications ranging from prophylactic vaccines, diagnostics, therapy for all infections leading to autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Efficacy of SAT2 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines Formulated with Montanide ISA 206B and Quil-A Saponin Adjuvants

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Ntungufhadzeni M. Rathogwa ◽  
Katherine A. Scott ◽  
Pamela Opperman ◽  
Jacques Theron ◽  
Francois F. Maree
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Adjuvanted Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) relies strongly on the separation of susceptible and infected livestock or susceptible livestock and persistently infected wildlife, vaccination, and veterinary sanitary measures. Vaccines affording protection against multiple serotypes for longer than six months and that are less reliant on the cold chain during handling are urgently needed for the effective control of FMD in endemic regions. Although much effort has been devoted to improving the immune responses elicited through the use of modern adjuvants, their efficacy is dependent on the formulation recipe, target species and administration route. Here we compared and evaluated the efficacy of two adjuvant formulations in combination with a structurally stabilized SAT2 vaccine antigen, designed to have improved thermostability, antigen shelf-life and longevity of antibody response. Protection mediated by the Montanide ISA 206B-adjuvanted or Quil-A Saponin-adjuvanted SAT2 vaccines were comparable. The Montanide ISA 206B-adjuvanted vaccine elicited a higher SAT2 neutralizing antibody response and three times higher levels of systemic IFN-γ responses at 14- and 28-days post-vaccination (dpv) were observed compared to the Quil-A Saponin-adjuvanted vaccine group. Interestingly, serum antibodies from the immunized animals reacted similarly to the parental vaccine virus and viruses containing mutations in the VP2 protein that simulate antigenic drift in nature.

Induced Pocket to Accommodate the Cell Attachment Arg-Gly-Asp Motif in a Neutralizing Antibody Against Foot-and-Mouth-Disease Virus

1996 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Verdaguer ◽  
Mauricio G. Mateu ◽  
Jerónimo Bravo ◽  
Esteban Domingo ◽  
Ignasi Fita
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals DETECTION OF SERUMNEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN FIELD

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Χ. ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foot And Mouth

A serologic?.! investigation for serum neutralizing antibodies against Foot—and—Mouth Disease (FMD) was carried out in cattle of two villages in the Evros department (near thv. turkish border), where a vaccination is being applied twice a year since 1964,using type Ο and sometimes A22 FMD vaccines. This investigation gave the following results : On 15 calves, aged 5-7 months, vaccinated or.ee no antibodies were detected before vaccination, whereas 3 weeks later only 3 animals (20° o ) showed acceptable antibody titres, that is more than 1.2. The other calves had titres 0.3 to 1.2 (7 animals = 46.6%) and in 5 calves (33.4%) no antibodies were detected. On 80 plurivaccinated cattle, 3 weeks after the last vaccination made 8 months after the previous one, the ?ntibody titres were higher than 1.2 in 75 animals (60 animals or 73,7% with a high titre that is more than 1.8, 15 animals or 19,4% with a titre 1.2 to 1.8)and only in 5 animals (6.6%) the titres were lower than 1.2. On half of the above cattle, the following titres were found before the last vaccination : )1.8 in 17 animals (42.5%), 1.2 to 1.8 in 11 animals (27.5%) and lower to 1.2 in 12 animals (30%). 1 he bovine of the one village showed a greater percentage of animals with high antibody titre comparing to the other one. This might be due to a different antigenic capacity of the vaccines used.For determining the neutralizing antibody titre the method of constant virus units and variable serum dilutions was applied using 100 TCID50/ml. The conclusion from the above results is that the bovine population of the Evros region, except the calves who are poorly immunized, ha.d a serum neutralizing antibody level satisfactory enough 8 months after vaccination and much better 3 weeks after the last vaccination. It is believed that this antibody level is related to the strong immunity in bovine of the Evros region ag.dnst the natural infection. In fact, the Foot— and—Mouth Disease outbreaks, type O, reported the last decade in this neuralgic region were very few and the most important of very limited extention, which fact gives reason to the vaccination policy followed until today for creating a buffer zoie.

Restrictive Influence of Silver Nanoparticles on the Life Cycle of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Rafiei ◽  
Seyedeh E. Rezatofighi ◽  
Mohammad R. Ardakani ◽  
Omid Madadgar
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Booth ◽  
M. M. Rweyemamu ◽  
T. W. F. Pay
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Microneutralization Test

SUMMARYTwo-dimensional quantal microneutralization tests on foot-and-mouth disease viruses, in which neutralizing antibody activity was titrated against a serial range of virus doses, demonstrated a variety of dose-response curves some of which were rectilinear, others clearly curvilinear. Moreover, in the case of the non-linear responses obtained with some antisera, the shape of the curve was such that antibody titres recorded with doses of virus ranging from 103–105TCD 50 were closely similar. Studies were carried out on the effect of varying the conditions of the test on the shape of the dose-response curve: significant differences were obtained after treatment of the antiserum–virus mixtures with anti-species globulin, and when the test was assayed in cells of differing susceptibility to infection.

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