Molecular marker systems with special reference to the Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5025
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Buhroo ◽  
Muzafar Ahmad Bhat*
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Term Management

Study on genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lustrous silk. In view of the present study, genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (Quantitative traits, biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity, pertaining to the literature has been reviewed. Genetic diversity is the genetic variation within species, both among geographically separated populations and among individuals within a single population. Genetic diversity is an essential aspect in conservation biology because a fundamental concept of natural selection states that the rate of evolutionary change in a population is proportional to the amount of genetic diversity present in it. Decreasing genetic diversity increases the extinction risk of populations due to a decline in fitness. Therefore, both biochemical and molecular markers have recently been employed to estimate the extent of genetic diversity present among various types of silkworm strains such as mono-, bi and multivoltines present in China, Japan, Korea, India, and several other countries.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence, Implication of Diversity, and Conservation of Silkworm, Bombyx mori

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhusan Bindroo ◽  
Shunmugam Manthira Moorthy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Term Management

Genetic diversity is critical to success in any crop breeding and it provides information about the quantum of genetic divergence and serves a platform for specific breeding objectives. It is one of the three forms of biodiversity recognized by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as deserving conservation. Silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect, reported to be domesticated over 5000 years ago by human to meet his requirements. Genetic diversity is a particular concern because greater genetic uniformity in silkworm can increase vulnerability to pests and diseases. Hence, maintenance of genetic diversity is a fundamental component in long-term management strategies for genetic improvement of silkworm which is cultivated by millions of people around the worlds for its lusture silk. In this paper genetic diversity studies carried out in silkworm using divergent methods (quantitative traits and biochemical and molecular markers) and present level of diversity and factors responsible for loss of diversity are discussed.

Population fragmentation causes inadequate gene flow and increases extinction risk

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Population Fragmentation ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Limited Gene Flow

Most species now have fragmented distributions, often with adverse genetic consequences. The genetic impacts of population fragmentation depend critically upon gene flow among fragments and their effective sizes. Fragmentation with cessation of gene flow is highly harmful in the long term, leading to greater inbreeding, increased loss of genetic diversity, decreased likelihood of evolutionary adaptation and elevated extinction risk, when compared to a single population of the same total size. The consequences of fragmentation with limited gene flow typically lie between those for a large population with random mating and isolated population fragments with no gene flow.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Utility of Long-Term Management Strategies for Heartburn

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Goeree ◽  
Bernie J. O'Brien ◽  
Gordon Blackhouse ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
Andrew Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Term Management

Soil microbial dynamics and genetic diversity in soil under monoculture wheat grown in different long-term management systems

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Crecchio ◽  
Maddalena Curci ◽  
Antonella Pellegrino ◽  
Patrizia Ricciuti ◽  
Nunzia Tursi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Microbial Dynamics ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Term Management

Enuresis: Myths, Misunderstandings and Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Martin Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Conditioning Therapy ◽  
Treatable Condition ◽  
Term Management

Advice on enuresis has been provided by a range of individuals. Many myths and misunderstandings have been responsible for the confusing range of opinions given to those who seek help. Management should be based on an understanding of the physiology of the condition and the established facts about its treatment. There is still a lack of awareness about how effective are the management strategies now proposed by those who base their practise on the extensive research that is now documented. The best results are obtained with conditioning therapy, when this is supervised and supported. There is an important role for 'wetness' alarms in conditioning. There are now body-worn mini-alarms, established by over a decade of use, that are inexpensive and reliable. There is a decreasing role for tricyclic medication. The recently introduced pharmaceutical Minirin (desmopressin) is useful in short-term management to get dryness on social occasions and, in selected individuals, might have a role in long-term control of enuresis, when conditioning has not been effective. There is an important need to provide advice and treatment facilities for all those with enuresis - a treatable condition.

A preliminary study of regeneration in wild populations of threatened endemic Hawaiian palms (Pritchardia; Arecaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melany H. Chapin ◽  
Mike Maunder ◽  
Katherine E. Horak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Term Management

Island floras have been subject to catastrophic changes since human colonization; the Hawaiian Islands exemplify this pattern of species decline and ecological change. Archaeological and historic findings support the former existence of coastal, lowland and interior Pritchardia dominated forests. Wild Pritchardia populations are highly fragmented and exhibit poor or absent regeneration in the wild. This study records seed predation, goat grazing, pig damage, and human harvesting on six wild populations of three species and outlines requirements for the long-term management of wild populations. Only one population of the six studied was found to contain seedlings. Recommended conservation management strategies are outlined.

scholarly journals Applications of molecular markers in Genetic Diversity Studies of maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Degife Asefa Zebire
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study

Molecular markers are efficient for exploiting variations in genotypes as they are not influenced by environmental factors and also speed up breeding programs. They are used to detect large numbers of distinct divergence between genotypes at the DNA level. Genetic diversity study helps to estimate the relationship between inbred lines to make the best hybrid combinations. Lines which are clustered in different heterotic groups are considered as the best hybrid combinations to carry out further breeding activities. Molecular markers are used to meet a number of objectives, including genetic diversity analysis and prediction of hybrid performances in divergent crop species. Agro-morphological and molecular markers have been utilized to study genetic diversity so far. In maize, the uses of molecular markers are important for the evaluation of genetic diversity of inbred lines and in clustering them into heterotic groups. These markers determine genetic similarity of the lines and are used to assess the genetic diversity of maize. Molecular markers have proven valuable for genetic diversity analysis of many crop species and genetically diverse lines are important to improve hybrid breeding. Keyword: Molecular marker; Genetic diversity; Genetic variation, Diversity Array technology; cluster analysis

Field evaluation of supplementary feed and water for the northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Treby ◽  
Alan Horsup ◽  
Peter J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Clear Link ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Recovery Program ◽  
Term Management

The northern hairy-nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus krefftii, is listed as critically endangered in Australia and is restricted to a single population of ~90 animals in central Queensland. The area receives low rainfall and is regularly subjected to periods of drought and therefore is at risk from wildfire. There is a clear link between good wet seasons and higher levels of reproductive activity. A long-term management goal of the L. krefftii recovery program has been to determine preferred feed of wombats and to gain acceptance of supplementary feed and water by L. krefftii in order to mitigate the effects of drought and wildfire and potentially increase fecundity and survivorship rates in the population. Prior to this study, there had been several unsuccessful attempts to induce L. krefftii to take supplementary feed and water, but the current study, which was of a longer duration, has shown that L. krefftii will readily take supplementary feed and water. In addition, L. krefftii prefers certain feed types (Complete-O (primarily steam-flaked barley with molasses and lucerne and oaten chaff), and Town and Country pellet mix (primarily wheat, barley and sorghum, with canola and soybean meal)) and will visit sources of feed and water on a nightly basis. Visits by L. krefftii to supplementary feed and water sites were related to the occurrence of rainfall, with visits declining after rain.

scholarly journals The Internet-Based Fungal Pathogen Database: A Proposed Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seogchan Kang ◽  
John E. Ayers ◽  
Erick D. DeWolf ◽  
David M. Geiser ◽  
Gretchen Kuldau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Phenotypic Information ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Potential Structure ◽  
Cross Links

A better understanding of the phenotypic and genetic diversity of significant agricultural pathogens and how their populations change in the field is critical for designing successful, long-term disease management strategies. Although efforts to determine the genetic diversity of plant pathogens have substantially increased in recent years, mainly due to the availability of various molecular tools, complementary efforts to archive and integrate the resulting data have been very limited. As a consequence, it is often difficult to compare the available data from various laboratories because the data have been generated by diverse tools, often preventing any direct comparisons, and are saved in a format that is unsuitable for comparative studies. The establishment of an internet-based database that cross-links the digitized genotypic and phenotypic information of individual pathogens at both the species and population levels may allow us to effectively address these problems by coordinating the generation of data and its subsequent archiving. We discuss the needs, benefits, and potential structure of such a database.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document