Antibacterial effect of medicinal rue extracts on the infectious mouth in Al – Najaf community. An In-vivo study

Aim: Clinical evaluation of antibacterial and antimicrobial properties for herbal extracts plants as (rue) to have been investigated in order to suggest them as potential mouth rinse to overcome the microbial effect in the mouth of patients. Materials and Methods: Assessing the opposite effect of the extract of this plant (rue) on gingivitis. Using precise dilution in distilled water only without the addition of any other material of this extract a certain concentration of 20%. I've been watching influence through the state of the gum tissue surrounding the teeth clinical examination before and after use of this extract for a period of 10 days for a group of patients totaling 32 patients (25 females and 7 males), age (10-80 years). A swabs were taken of the bacteria from the mouth of the patients were cultured before treatment to observe bacterial growth and swab after the treatment to note the death of bacteria.Results: The clinical use of direct observation of signs and symptoms after the examination. Rue have a good function on inflammation of the gums and tissues surrounding the teeth after using the vegetable extract of rue material through actual viewing and examination of periodontal pockets. Also after taking swabs and cultured them.

Lycopene and ketotifen potentiates the anti-hyperalgesic effect of gabapentin in PSNL-induced neuropathic pain in wistar rats

The present study is designed to investigate the involvement of antioxidant mechanism and role of mast cells in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. The effect was evaluated by assessing various behavioural parameters (thermal hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia), biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase). Partial Sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) significantly caused thermal hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia and oxidative damage as compared to normal and sham and group. Upon daily administration of combination of lycopene (50 mg/kg), ketotifen (10mg/kg) and gabapentin (100 mg/kg) considerably reversed hyperalgesia, cold hyperalgesia and also attenuated oxidative stress when compared to PSNL group. The results indicated that combination lycopene, ketotifen and gabapentin exhibited a potentiating effect in neuropathic pain by inhibiting degranulation of mast cells and also by reducing oxidative stress.

A case report on Subacute Combined Degeneration of spinal cord in children – A rare neurological manifestation in Vitamin B12 deficiencies

Megaloblastic anemia is a common feature between 6 months – 2 years and rarely occurs after 5 years of age, especially in a child consuming non-vegetarian diet. B12 deficiency may occur after 5 years of age because of chronic diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, or intestinal surgical causes. Pernicious anemia causes B12 deficiency, but nutritional B12 deficiency with subacute combined degeneration causing ataxia is rare.

Evaluation of Serum Metalloprotinase-9 (MMP-9) in Iraqi Men with urinary tract infection

Objective: The inflammation of the urinary tract and its various causes is one of the important diseases, which neglect and non-treatment lead to many amplifications, therefore, many countries including the United States of America has given urinary tract infection ″UTI″ a great interest. Since the disease is sometimes without obvious symptoms and because of research lacking that are using MMP-9. The aim of this work is to study the alterations in the Metalloprotinase-9 (MMP-9), and its role in pathogenicity of urinary tract infections ″UTI″ in serum of men who are initially diagnosed with this disease.Methods: This study was applied in educational Alsader hospital in Najaf city by using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) on serum taken from 42 men infected with UTI, and other 38 healthy considered as a control group to detect MMP-9.Data analysis: SPSS computerizing system has been used for statistically analysis of data. Results: The results revealed a highly significant (P<0. 05) level of ″MMP-9″in serum of patients in comparison with the control group. The result also demonstrated the strong relation between MMP-9 and other parameters such as age and smoking.Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of the present study thatMetalloprotinase-9″MMP-9″ was good prognostic biomarker for ″UTI″ in men, and these results significantly correlate with the early stages of disease.Recommendation: 1-It may be recommended that using MMP-9 to predict and diagnosis the urinary tract infection. 2-It may be also recommended to measure MMP-9 in women to establish its role in this disease

A study on influence of education and occupation on family planning practices in rural Shamirpet, R.R. District, T.S., India.

Family planning is an important pillar for safe motherhood and good reproductive health and is influenced by number of socio-demographic factors. Since fertility in India is primarily marital this study was planned among married women. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 402 women of reproductive age group. Details regarding various socio-demographic factors with special emphasis on education and occupation of husband and wife and their socio-economic status and its relation to contraceptive usage were studied. Prevalence of contraception was found to be 61.7%. Contraceptive usage had a significantly positive relation with literacy status of women, socio economic status of the couple. On the other hand husband’s educational status, occupation of women, husband’s occupation did not have any relation with contraceptive usage.

Effects of standard permissible levels of Lead (Pb) for potable waters on fish innate immune response and health compared with Pb levels found in natural waterbodies

Among the list of pollutants, the heavy metals group is attracting the focus of Aquaculturist, Environmentalist and Fisherfolks alike, since they not only affect aquatic organisms but also have the potential to ultimately affect human beings. The deleterious effects of heavy metals such as lead (Pb) on aquatic ecosystems necessitate continuous monitoring of its accumulation in key species since it affords an indication of its impact on organism’s health. In natural waters, the total Pb concentrations range between 0.05 and 10.0 mg/l (Galvin 1996). While the standard recommended a limit for water for consumption range between 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L Pb. In the current study, we exposed juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) to waterborne Pb in five concentrations 0 (control), 0.01, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 mg/L Pb, over six weeks period. The present study focused on the bioaccumulation of low to moderate concentrations of Pb while simultaneously assessing the effects of waterborne Pb on O. niloticus feed intake, growth performances, blood plasma Lysozyme, Immunoglobulin M (IgM), Complement 3 (C3) and Cortisol levels. Results from the present study showed that among the Pb exposed groups a trend emerged, which indicated a high bioaccumulation rate in fish exposed to the lower (0.01, 0.05 and 0.25 mg/L) Pb concentrations. Fish exposed to 0.01 mg/l Pb showed highest accumulation rates, after 2 weeks of exposure, they were able to accumulate muscle Pb level that was equal to the concentration of Pb to which they were exposed. Meanwhile, data showed that fish exposed to 0.05 and 0.25 mg/L waterborne Pb recorded mean muscle Pb levels equal to or above the concentration of Pb to which they were exposed in the 4th week of exposure time. Furthermore, the mean muscle Pb recorded in fish after the 6th week of exposure to 0.01 mg/L waterborne Pb was 6 times above the level of the water concentration, while fish exposed to 0.05 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L and 1.25 mg/L waterborne Pb recorded mean muscle Pb after the 6th week that was 5, 3 and 2 times above the concentration of Pb in their respective water environment. Compared with the control group no significant difference in C3 activities were observed in fish exposed to 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, and 0.25 mg/L Pb; however, as the dose of Pb increased to 1.25 mg/L significant decrease in C3 activity was observed after 4 weeks of exposure when compared with the control group. Additionally, no significant difference in IgM activities was observed in the 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L Pb treated groups of fish when compared with the control respectively. However, as the dose of Pb increased to 1.25 mg/L significant decrease in IgM activity was observed after 2 weeks of exposure compared with the control group. Similarly, as the dose of Pb was increased to 1.25 mg/L significant decrease in lysozyme activity was observed after 2 weeks of exposure compared to the control group. While Pb dose 0.25 mg/L after 4 weeks of exposure showed a significant decrease in lysozyme activity compared with the control. On the other hand, results on cortisol showed no significant sustained variations in activity when the respective Pb treated groups were compared with the control. The present study also showed that 1.25 mg/L waterborne Pb significantly depressed O. niloticus feed intake, weight gain, and absolute growth rate. While the mortality records showed that 75% of deaths occurred during the first two weeks of Pb exposure and the highest mortality was recorded in the group that was exposed to 1.25 mg/L Pb. The present study concluded that at low waterborne Pb concentrations fish bioaccumulate Pb faster. Also, tilapias may have become tolerant to the low Pb exposure levels over time by producing metalloproteinase and or their organs may have coped by reaching a state of homeostasis; however, further research will be needed to verify these hypotheses.

Monthly variation and impact of pollution on the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Leaves

Moringa oleifera Lam., commonly found tree in sub-Himalayan tracts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan has a high nutrition value. The leaves, flowers and immature pods of Moringa are used as a vegetable in many countries. The leaves are highly nutritious and medicinal in nature. They are a rich source of iron, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, proteins, and essential amino acids. Hence Moringa leaves can be a good source of protein for the vegetarians and the under-nourished population. Present investigation deals with the study of monthly variation in the nutritional value of Moringa leaves from the month of June 2015 to January 2016. Impact of urban sewage pollution and roadside vehicular pollution on the amount of reducing and total sugars, chlorophylls (a, b and total), proteins, vitamin-C and pH of the leaves, was also studied. Results revealed that the highest amounts of reducing sugars, total sugars, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll during October 2015 whereas proteins, chlorophyll a, vitamin C and pH were highest during January 2016. Leaf samples collected from all the study sites exhibited minimum amounts of reducing sugars, chlorophylls (a, b and total) and pH during July 2015 whereas total sugars were lowest during December 2015. Proteins and vitamin C values were lowest during August and June 2015 respectively. Sewage and vehicular pollution showed an adverse effect on the nutritional contents of Moringa oleifera leaves. Of the two polluted sites, samples from near the sewage flow showed higher impact.

Nanobiotics: Challenging the anti-microbial perspective - The game changer?

Antibiotics are the most important medical inventions in human history and are the invaluable weapons to fight against various infectious diseases. Multi drug resistant microorganisms are becoming a serious issue and increasingly public health problem in present day scenario. Antibiotics are becoming less useful due to increasing bacterial resistance. Development of new and more powerful antibiotics leading to drastic pathogens response by developing resistance to the point where the most powerful drugs in our arsenal are no longer effective against them. New strategies for the management of bacterial diseases are urgently needed and nanomaterials can be a very promising approach. Nanobiotics uses nano-sized tools for the successful management bacterial diseases and to gain increased understanding of the complex underlying patho-physiology of disease. (European Science Foundation. Forward Look Nanomedicine: An EMRC Consensus Opinion 2005. Available online: http://www.esf.org (accessed on 15 July 2017). The application of nanotechnologies to medicine, or nanomedicine, which has already demonstrated its tremendous impact on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, is rapidly becoming a major driving force behind ongoing changes in the antimicrobial field. Present review providing important insights on nanobiotics, and their preparation, mechanism of action, as well as perspectives on the opportunities and challenges in nanobiotics.

A study on prevalence of contraception and estimate unmet need of family planning among married women in the rural Shamirpet, Ranga Reddy District, T.S, India.

The study on contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning is the key to understanding the change in fertility and improving reproductive health. Family planning program aims to not only achieve population stabilization but also to promote reproductive health and reduce maternal, infant & child mortality and morbidity. In this study an attempt has been made to assess the family planning practices adopted in the rural Shamirpet. Probability proportion sampling was done and 402 women were selected from 13 villages. Prevalence of contraception was found to be 61.7%. Permanent methods were preferred over temporary methods. Total unmet need for family planning was 11.7%. The contraceptive prevalence rate found in the present study is higher than the district figures and is on par with the state statistics. Unmet needs also are low compared to state figures.

Seasonal variation of proximate composition of Istiophorus platypterus from Visakhapatnam fishing harbor, East Coast of India.

Seasonal variation of proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash) of Istiophorus platypterus was analysed for one year (January 2016 to December 2016) from Visakhapatnam fishing harbor, east coast of India. The results indicated that the proximate composition of the fish depends on season. The total mean values of moisture percentage was found more in monsoon (78.36±0.09) season, followed by pre-monsoon (77.90±0.12) and post-monsoon (77.81±0.17), whereas protein content was found more in pre-monsoon (18.38±0.09) season followed by monsoon (17.45±0.09) and post-monsoon (16.52±0.09) season, the fat percentage was accumulated more in the season of post-monsoon (2.15±0.07) followed by pre-monsoon (2.13±0.12) and monsoon (1.81±0.10), while ash content observed high in post-monsoon (3.15±0.16) followed by monsoon (1.97±0.08) and pre-monsoon (1.46±0.150 season respectively.