Profiling Learner Language as a Dynamic System

2019 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirkku Lesonen ◽  
Minna Suni ◽  
Rasmus Steinkrauss ◽  
Marjolijn Verspoor

Abstract This study traces the individual learning trajectories of an adult beginner L2 Finnish learner in expressing the extralinguistic concept of evaluation from a dynamic usage-based perspective. Our results provide support for the view of learner language as a dynamic system in which patterns wax and wane and in which a change in one component has the potential to affect the whole system. In the early stages of learning there was a strong preference to use lexical verbs first, and then adjectives. The study also shows that variability plays a role. Finally, the study confirms that the learning of L2 constructions is in some cases item based. However, another highly frequent and superficially similar verbal construction in our data did not develop from a fixed formula. The role of instruction and the learner’s explicit knowledge as well as possibly input frequencies may have played a role in the different developmental trajectories.


Author(s):  
Estevão Fuzaro de Almeida ◽  
Fabio Roberto Chavarette ◽  
Douglas da Costa Ferreira

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Rosa Delima ◽  
Halim Budi Santoso ◽  
Gerry Herbiyan Aditya ◽  
Joko Purwadi ◽  
Argo Wibowo

E-Commerce is a process model of selling and buying goods using information and communication technology. This business model offers a broad market for products owned by the seller. However this sales model is not yet common for agricultural products. Most of the process of buying and selling agricultural products is still done conventionally. The lack of agricultural e-commerce sites is the main reason for the research conducted. This research will develop an agricultural e-commerce system. This system has two main modules that are sales module and purchasing module. This article specifically develops sales modules for agricultural e-commerce. In the development of modules applied Dynamic System Development Method. The used of this model is based on characteristic of the project which have limited number of development team and short development time. The development stages consist of pre-project, feasibility study, business study, functional model iteration, and design and build iteration. In this study a prototype has been produced for the sales module on agricultural e-commerce that is being developed


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