Expressive Exclamation Constructions in the Position of an Online Newspaper Headline (on the Material of Russian, Chuvash and English Languages)

Ths article is aimed at identifying and comparing the syntactic models of expressive exclamation constructions in the headlines of the online versions of high-quality printed publications: the Vedomosti and the Izvestia (in Russian), the Khypar (in Chuvash), Th Times and Th Guardian (in English). Th research material is online newspaper headlines published in the period from 2017 to 2021. Th relevance of the work is explained by the fact that in the mass consumption of information on the Internet the title has the greatest potential for speech impact on the mass audience, realized by means of expressive syntax and punctuation. Th expressive exclamation structure of the online newspaper headline enhances its expressiveness, translates the author’s intentions, conveys the author’s emotions, forms opinions and encourages readers to act, etc. Depending on the type of speech inflence, the patterns of syntactic design of heading syntactic design in Russian, Chuvash and English are analyzed on the basis of speech influence (social, volitional, informational, explanatory, or emotional-evaluative). For instance, Russian headings of requests, orders and slogans are formed as an elliptical non-verbal construction, a sentence with a verb in the imperative mood and an appeal to a certain person, as well as a construction consisting of homogeneous predicates in the imperative mood. Chuvash headlines of requests, demands and slogans, and the titles that convey various emotions are represented by an exclamation construction with a verb in the imperative mood and a direct address, with a verb in the imperative mood and a negative particle, an indefiite personal sentence, elliptical and parcelled constructions. Expressive exclamation headings in English are based on two-part and segmented syntactic structures. Thse strategies for the design of expressive exclamation constructions in online newspaper headlines reflct the development of syntactic systems of the languages with diffrent structures and make a certain contribution to the development of theoretical foundations of comparative media stylistics.

‘Sich ausgehen’: On modalizing go constructions in Austrian German

The goal of this article is to diagnose a verbal construction which has made it to common use in Austrian German and is typically unknown to many speakers of Federal German who have not been exposed to Austrian German. This construction is based on the verb gehen (‘go’) conjoined by a particle and the reflexive. An argument for its analysis as a degree-based sufficiency construction is developed, which is constructed by extending existing approaches in the literature on enough constructions and suggesting a meaning of the construction at hand, which is presuppositional in multiple respects. The results of diachronic corpus searches as well as the significance of the results of this work for the space of possibilities of the semantic change of motion verbs are discussed.

Ostracizing linguistic forms through metalinguistic comments: The case of ge-dikmek-t

This paper considers the relevance of studying metalinguistic comments about the embedding of Turkish infinitives in Dutch morphology. It focusses on bilingual Dutch and Turkish spoken in the Netherlands. Data of computer mediated communication (CMC) is used. The paper reports on an analysis of the (sparse) occurrence of Turkish verb embedding in Dutch and the accompanying metalinguistic comments. For this, an exploration of the internet as well as of a data set compiled form Turkish-Dutch discussion fora consisting of 1.335.592 words was conducted. I am indebted to Dirk Vet, University of Amsterdam, for invaluable help and assistance with technical issues concerning the compilation of the data corpus. Also I would like to thank Maarten Kossmann and Yaron Matras for their valuable comments. Remaining flaws are mine. A comparison is made with the reverse verbal construction in Turkish-Dutch bilingual speech (Dutch infinitives + Turkish infinitive yapmak ‘to do’). The absence of evaluative comments on the latter construction suggests it has been accepted as norm-behavior in the Turkish-Dutch community. Embedding of Turkish verbs in Dutch morphology, by contrast, is not accepted. The paper discusses the extent to which metalinguistic comment can be used as a diagnostic tool to uncover implicit norms of non-standard varieties.

Ellipsis resolution in Persian complex predicates

The study of Ellipsis has been of special interest to scholars of linguistics. One reason for this interest is the fact that the meaning of a sentence with ellipsis cannot purely be based on its antecedent. Elliptical constructions in the literature are categorised according to their syntactic structures. This article intends to discuss ellipsis in Persian Complex predicate constructions in which parts of the verbal construction along with some of its arguments are elided. We will argue that ellipsis resolution in such constructions is licensed due to the logical form of such verbal constructions and the relationship that holds amongst parallel elements in the source and the target sentence. Finally, we will propose that distinguishing between primary and secondary occurrences of anaphoric expressions in the logical form can account for the correct and grammatical reading of intended anaphoric expressions in elliptical sites.

Constructivism of Sergei Tretyakov. Iron Pause (“Zheleznaya Pauza”). Part 1

The article deals with the first poetry book by S. Tretyakov “Iron Pause” (“Zheleznaya pauza”) published in Vladivostok in 1919 but prepared for publication earlier in Moscow – in 1915–1917. “Iron Pause” (“Zheleznaya pauza”) belongs to rare and little investigated books for which the approach used in the article with respect to poetics is topical. The author analyzed the key texts of the first and second parts of the books: “The Match Box” (“Spichechnaya korobka”), “You in Darkness Read, Like a Cat” (“Vy v temnote chitaete, kak koshka”), “Carpet” (“Kover”), “Allegro Trills” (“Treli allegro”), “Impudent People” (“Nakhaly”). All these poems are interconnected not only by common motifs, but also by verbal construction; they are characterized by intensive word dynamics and geometry, numerous metonymic substitutions, high-level sematic concentration and complicated rhythmic and phonetic patterns. Special attention in the article is paid to the undertones of the enigmatic poem “Impudent People” (“Nakhaly”) depicting some scenes of aggression, violence, “brutality” under the semblance of a festive event with fireworks. The poem’s underlying idea displays traces of works by V. Khlebnikov (“The Star Alphabet”), by V. Mayakovsly (“The War and the World” poem) and by poets belonging to the Vladivostok creative group “Tvorchestvo”. Lyrical plots of the poems assembled in the book “Iron Pause” (“Zheleznaya pauza”) are not original; they are traditional for avant-garde poetry and in a broader sense – for modernist poetry. However, Tretyakov vitalizes traditional lexical repertory of modernist poetry giving it occasional meaning and using all lexical units to achieve complex phonics and rhythmic structure. Except that the article offers the implications review of the key poems of “Iron Pause” (“Zheleznaya pauza”), “Impudent People” (“Nakhaly”), just like the entire book “Iron Pause” (“Zheleznaya pauza”), is read by the article author in presence of the Far-Eastern publicism and criticisim from newspapers and magazines published at the turn of 1920s by various Far-Eastern political and literary entities. The article bibliography includes rare 1918–1922 editions of the Far East: newspapers “Echo” («Ekho»), “Vladivo-Nippo”, “Far Eastern Review” (“Dalnevostochnoe obozrenie”), “Manchurian Life” (“Manzhurskaya zhisn’”), journals “Creation” (“Tvorchestvo”), “Biruch”, “Lel’”, “Yun’”, “Week” (“Nedelya”), etc.

The Strategies of Ultranationalist Discourse: This Is England and Brexit

A speech given by the skinhead Combo in the film This is England (2006) provides the ground for an analysis of far-right nationalism. This article uses Critical Discourse Analysis and the idea of the nation as a discursive construct to explain Combo’s strategies to gain dominance over his gang by means of rhetoric, body language, building up an ethos based on Christian and epic mythologies with ethnic connotations, drawing boundaries, and discrediting and excluding his opponents. These strategies are then compared to those of the UKIP leader Nigel Farage in his “Brexit victory” speech delivered in June 2016, which was based on a mystification of territorial boundaries, symbolic allusions to a defensive war, and a verbal construction of an ideally independent nation and a promising future. Thus, the article argues that analysis of a scene from the film set in the Thatcherite Britain of 1983 can still illuminate the articulation of later nationalist discourses.

From conceptualization to constructions in Finnish as an L2

This study traces the individual learning trajectories of an adult beginner L2 Finnish learner in expressing the extralinguistic concept of evaluation from a dynamic usage-based perspective. Our results provide support for the view of learner language as a dynamic system in which patterns wax and wane and in which a change in one component has the potential to affect the whole system. In the early stages of learning there was a strong preference to use lexical verbs first, and then adjectives. The study also shows that variability plays a role. Finally, the study confirms that the learning of L2 constructions is in some cases item based. However, another highly frequent and superficially similar verbal construction in our data did not develop from a fixed formula. The role of instruction and the learner’s explicit knowledge as well as possibly input frequencies may have played a role in the different developmental trajectories.

Z opisu wyrażeń modalnych w Kodeksie prawa kanonicznego

The text is about modality from a linguistic point of view. The author takes a broad understanding of a modal category (modality indentified with communicative intention) and analyses the so called basic modal units: verbs and predicates, which together with an infinitive create a verbal construction. She examines a function of the mentioned expressions in the Code of Canon Law. Willing to accept a specific character of contexts with modal expressions, she includes in the description conclusions coming from earlier study of newspaper texts, homilies and speeches of John Paul II.