Since most higher education institutions have, or will, implement enterprise resource planning systems (Cramer, 2005), it is important to understand how such an implementation will have an impact throughout an institution. In this chapter, enterprise resource planning systems will be defined, and the benefits to the various constituents of the institution will be described. Barriers (and strategies for overcoming them) will be identified, specifically administration-related barriers, resource allocation barriers, time barriers, barriers related to campus policies, human barriers, and product specific barriers. Leaders of institutions at the crossroads, who are determining whether or not to implement an integrated ERP, can better understand the social implications of such projects as a result of consideration of the key issues raised within this chapter.