BloodChain: A Blood Donation Network Managed by Blockchain Technologies

Due to the rapid change of population structure, leading to lower birth rates and quick aging rates, the demand for blood supply is increasing significantly. In most countries, blood quality and origin are managed by blood management information systems, such as national authorities. Nevertheless, the traditional system has limitations in this field, such as a lack of detailed blood information, making it challenging to manage blood quality, supply, and demand. Hence, to solve these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based system called BloodChain, an improved system to support blood information management, providing more detailed information about blood, such as blood consumption and disposal. BloodChain exploits private blockchain techniques with a limited number of relatively fast and reliable participants, making them suitable for B2B (Business to Business) transactions. In this paper, we also develop a proposed system based on the architecture of Hyperledger Fabric. The evaluation of BloodChain is performed in several scenarios to prove our proposed model’s effectiveness.

Financial Inclusion and Mobile Payment to Empower Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Despite the increasing adoption of financial technology (FinTech) and the need for secure payment methods, mobile payments as a mode of settling daily business transactions have not received sufficient attention. To date, several business actors prefer to use conventional money payment modes. However, it is apparent that the need for a more effective payment method today is considered as a basic necessity, considering the current complexity of consumers and the negative effect of COVID-19. Moreover, the crisis raised a wave of apprehension over a large number of business actors, particularly small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). The literature search indicated that the government should implement the correct policy to help create an acceptable environment for financial transactions for both the user and providers. It is also necessary to ensure that client security and privacy rights are protected during the mobile payment transactions.

FORMULASI ETIKA BISNIS HALAL THAYYIB DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQASHID SYARIAH KONTEMPORER JASSER AUDA

This study aims to find the formulation of thayyib halal business ethics in the perspective of contemporary maqashid syaria. In Indonesia there are many fraudulent investments under the guise of syari'ah. In fact, Islamic business has the principle of a halal thayyib business that prioritizes the benefit and prosperity of every creature as a form of implementing maqashid sharia. Therefore, it is important to study this problem so that business ethics can be more contextual with current conditions. This research is included in normative research with a conceptual approach and an analytical approach. The data collection method uses literature review. While the research data analysis using descriptive-qualitative. The results show that: first, the formulation of the halal thayyib business in the perspective of Jasser Auda's contemporary maqashid syari'ah is a description of one of the maqashid sharia, namely to maintain and fulfill the desire and benefit of wealth (hifdzul mal). This concept can be viewed in terms of how to get it or in terms of maintaining the property that is already owned. Second, halal thayyib business ethics includes the prohibition on containing elements of usury, gharar, maisir, ihtikar, and bai' najasy'. Meanwhile, the Maqashid sharia is to avoid the practice of tyranny against business people, to avoid gharar in buying and selling transactions so that it is free from fade, loss, and injustice in business transactions, avoiding laziness from work due to dreams and speculation, and to avoid "false requests". which can cause loss or injustice.

Empowering Small Businesses with Financial Technology: The Road Less Travelled

Financial services remain untapped by most of the small business owners in Bangladesh. This limited access to mobile financial services and FinTech presents a business opportunity for the FinTech startups in the market. TallyKhata and Upayare digital financial services platforms visualizing to capture the untapped sector by becoming one of the first movers in the industry. This article has studied the cases of TallyKhata and Upay in empowering small businesses in Bangladesh through the services that have made business transactions and credit management hassle-free.

‘Urf sebagai Metode Penentuan Hukum dalam Bisnis Syari’ah

This paper aims to define 'urf and its foundations in the Qur'an and Hadith as well as the implementation of the 'urf method in islamic business. The research method used in this paper is qualitative with a normative juridical approach. The findings in this paper are that the Qur'an and hadith underlie the use of 'urf as a islamic business solution which certainly does not conflict with existing texts. 'Urf is often applied in sharia business through aspects of business transactions, profit taking from sellers of goods and services, and determination of wages. 'Urf can be applied in sharia business with several conditions, namely; 1) The business tradition does not conflict with the texts, (2) the business tradition is long-term, (3) the business tradition is known to the general public, (4) the business tradition is innovative according to space and time.

Jazyková krajina Banskej Bystrice (Kontinuita textov a križovatka etník)

Language Landscape of Banská Bystric (Continuity of Texts and Intersection of Ethnic Groups)The language landscape of Banská Bystrica is made up of visible language, which means written language in the form of contextually fixed words, sentences and complex sentences of a commercial and non-commercial nature. Non-commercial language fulfills a communicative function in terms of presenting basic orientation information in and around Banská Bystrica town, and about the town’s activities, the church and cemetery buildings, and monuments. Commercial language has a business function because it becomes part of the process of business transactions: first in the form of advertising texts offering commercial products; later in the form of information concerning goods offered directly by business facilities. The language landscape of Banská Bystrica is a collection of texts in Slovak, German and Hungarian and is a manifestation of the ethnolinguistic activities of Slovaks, Germans and Hungarians. Some texts in English, German, Latin, Russian and Romanian are evidence of the vitality of these languages in presenting facts about the present day and the history of this town. Krajobraz językowy Bańskiej Bystrzycy (kontinuum tekstów a krzyżowanie się grup etnicznych)Na krajobraz językowy Bańskiej Bystrzycy składają się teksty o charakterze komercyjnym i niekomercyjnym, dostępne w wersji wizualnej, powstałe w języku pisanym, w formie kontekstowo uwarunkowanych słów, zdań prostych i zdań złożonych. Język o charakterze niekomercyjnym pełni funkcję komunikacyjną w zakresie przekazywania podstawowych informacji orientacyjnych w mieście Bańska Bystrzyca i w jego okolicach, a także informacji o działalności związanej z miastem, o budynkach kościelnych i cmentarnych oraz o zabytkach. Język o charakterze komercyjnym pełni funkcję biznesową, ponieważ staje się częścią procesu obrotu gospodarczego: najpierw w postaci tekstów reklamowych oferujących produkty handlowe, później w formie informacji o produktach oferowanych bezpośrednio przez placówki handlowe i usługowe. Krajobraz językowy Bańskiej Bystrzycy tworzą teksty w językach słowackim, niemieckim i węgierskim, będące przejawem działalności etnolingwistycznej Słowaków, Niemców i Węgrów. Teksty w językach angielskim, niemieckim, rosyjskim, rumuńskim i po łacinie świadczą o istotnej roli tych języków w przedstawianiu faktów dotyczących współczesności i historii tego miasta.

On the Necessity of Developing a Unified Definition of «Darknet» in Criminalistics

The article is devoted to counteracting crimes committed with the use of information-telecommunication technologies, specifically, the Internet. Criminals use the Internet actively to conduct criminal business transactions while hiding in the shadow part of the net — Darknet. This net provides offenders with opportunities for hiding by offering anonymous nets that guarantee a high level of confidentiality. This fact makes it considerably harder for law enforcement bodies to counteract crimes committed with the use of information technologies. Besides, an analysis of the criminal situation in the Russian Federation showed that law enforcement work of counteracting this type of crimes is not effective at the present stage. Due to this, there is a need for improving the level of “digital” literacy of law enforcement employees as well as the development of a criminalistic base that takes into account the digital progress. The authors offer a definition of “Darknet” that describes the essence of this net and that will become the starting point for researching the Darknet phenomenon as an object of criminalistics. The conducted research will make it possible to obtain new sources for building the elements of criminalistic description of crimes and a special criminalistic theory of investigating crimes committed with the use of Darknet.

The Archae System Revisited: The Records of Indebtedness to Medieval Jews

This article examines on document acknowledging debt to Maruna, a Jewish woman, to John of Kent that was deposited in a chest in Canterbury in 1264. Using this document, the article examines what can be learned about the archae system in thirteenth-century England from the perspective of the documents which were produced there. A series of chests (Lat. pl. archae) were established across England following the introduction of the Articles of the Jewry (1194), which regulated the production, use, and storage of the records generated by Jewish moneylending activities in medieval England. Additionally, the Articles of the Jewry required that more general business transactions, such as the sale and purchase of property, also be recorded at the archae. This paper considers not only the legal and administrative structures which governed the production of such records but also how these systems manifested themselves within the documents which produced at the archae. Finally, it will consider the role that ritual and gender had to play in such transactions and the documents which recorded them.

Blockchain-Based Delivery Assurance

Climate-related catastrophes and wars are leaving people in need of aid. The main obstacle in providing help to people in need is the lack of trust in aid processes. Donors and charity organizations want to make sure that funds and materials gathered reach the intended destinations. The lack of proof leads to a general sentiment of waste, corruption and misuse, which undermines aid efforts. Blockchain technology injects trust into the business transactions through impeccable record keeping and fulfils the lack of trust problem in aid delivery. However, our review of relevant literature indicates that a delivery assurance framework that covers major aspects of providing a blockchain-based solution to aid delivery is absent.<div>In this thesis, we propose a novel blockchain-based transparent delivery framework for creating solutions that record and share data on the interaction of business participants involved in a delivery process. This framework is novel as it creates solutions that include handover and monitoring aspects of the delivery business and adds several benefits that come with the blockchain technology. This delivery assurance framework also provides complete guidance as it answers several key questions such as “How can we use blockchain technology to solve problems?” and “How can we make sure the solutions are financially viable and acceptable?”</div><div>Our simulation study validates the applicability of our framework and the solution we created using the framework. Further, the validation we received from an industry expert strongly suggests that a solution developed with our framework is applicable in industry. This thesis presents the development of the framework along with details on the design and execution of our simulations, including the raw data, data enhancement processes, tools, data structures, smart contract code, load testing methodology and the eventual analysis of the simulation results. <br></div>

Blockchain-Based Delivery Assurance

Climate-related catastrophes and wars are leaving people in need of aid. The main obstacle in providing help to people in need is the lack of trust in aid processes. Donors and charity organizations want to make sure that funds and materials gathered reach the intended destinations. The lack of proof leads to a general sentiment of waste, corruption and misuse, which undermines aid efforts. Blockchain technology injects trust into the business transactions through impeccable record keeping and fulfils the lack of trust problem in aid delivery. However, our review of relevant literature indicates that a delivery assurance framework that covers major aspects of providing a blockchain-based solution to aid delivery is absent.<div>In this thesis, we propose a novel blockchain-based transparent delivery framework for creating solutions that record and share data on the interaction of business participants involved in a delivery process. This framework is novel as it creates solutions that include handover and monitoring aspects of the delivery business and adds several benefits that come with the blockchain technology. This delivery assurance framework also provides complete guidance as it answers several key questions such as “How can we use blockchain technology to solve problems?” and “How can we make sure the solutions are financially viable and acceptable?”</div><div>Our simulation study validates the applicability of our framework and the solution we created using the framework. Further, the validation we received from an industry expert strongly suggests that a solution developed with our framework is applicable in industry. This thesis presents the development of the framework along with details on the design and execution of our simulations, including the raw data, data enhancement processes, tools, data structures, smart contract code, load testing methodology and the eventual analysis of the simulation results. <br></div>