scholarly journals Examination of the Relationship between Urban Air Pollution and Urban Planning Decisions in Cigli Case, Izmir (Turkey)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sinem Ozcan ◽  
K. Mert Cubukcu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Diffusion Tubes

The air pollution problem remains, although significant improvements have been seen in urban air quality over the last years. Despite the size and variety of studies on urban air pollution, the usage of spatial statistics has been extremely limited. This study aims to show that the spatial statistic techniques can well be used to examine and explain the air pollution levels in urban areas. The data for the sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations are measures using passive diffusion tubes at the 67 monitoring sites in the district of Çiğli (Izmir), which are selected through a spatial systematic sampling process. The tubes were exposed for a 2-week period in August 2015. For the determination of the level of clustering for high values and low values of SO2 and NO2 concentrations, Getis-Ord G* local statistics are calculated. There are five points with high values of SO2 surrounded by low values, three points of NO2, where the results are statistically significant at the 0.10 level. The findings indicate that the presence of the industrial zone, the form of fossil fuels (coal or natural gas) used in heating, and topography are the strong determinants urban air pollution.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Urban air pollution; planning decisions; spatial autocorrelation; air pollutants

scholarly journals The Relationship between Urban Air Pollution and Urban Planning Decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Sinem Ozcan ◽  
K. Mert Cubukcu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Diffusion Tubes ◽  
Pollution Problem

The air pollution problem remains, although significant improvements have been seen in urban air quality over the last years. This study aims to show that the spatial statistic techniques can well be used to examine and explain the air pollution levels in urban areas. The data for SO2 and NO2 concentrations are measures using passive diffusion tubes at the 67 monitoring sites in the district of Çiğli (Izmir). The tubes were exposed for a 2-week period in August 2015. For the determination of the level of clustering for high values and low values of pollutants, Getis-Ord G* local statistics are calculated. There are five points with high values of SO2 surrounded by low values, three points of NO2, where the results are statistically significant at the 0.10 level. The presence of the industrial zone, the form of fossil fuels used in heating, and topography are strong determinants urban air pollution.Keywords: Urban air pollution, planning decisions, spatial autocorrelation, air pollutants eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i11.134

An Urban Air Pollution Early Warning System Based on PM2.5 Prediction Applied in Ploiesti City

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-863
Author(s):  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Marius Olteanu ◽  
Radu Teodor Ianache
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Prediction Approach

Fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 �m (i.e. PM2.5) is an air pollutant of special concern for urban areas due to its potential significant negative effects on human health, especially on children and elderly people. In order to reduce these effects, new tools based on PM2.5 monitoring infrastructures tailored to specific urban regions are needed by the local and regional environmental management systems for the provision of an expert support to decision makers in air quality planning for cities and also, to inform in real time the vulnerable population when PM2.5 related air pollution episodes occur. The paper focuses on urban air pollution early warning based on PM2.5 prediction. It describes the methodology used, the prediction approach, and the experimental system developed under the ROKIDAIR project for the analysis of PM2.5 air pollution level, health impact assessment and early warning of sensitive people in the Ploiesti city. The PM2.5 concentration evolution prediction is correlated with PM2.5 air pollution and health effects analysis, and the final result is processed by the ROKIDAIR Early Warning System (EWS) and sent as a message to the affected population via email or SMS. ROKIDAIR EWS is included in the ROKIDAIR decision support system.

scholarly journals Analysis of urban air pollution based on network observation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Lezhenin ◽  
V.F. Raputa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Network Observation

A joint analysis of cases of high monthly mean concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene measured at stationary stations of Roshydromet in the atmospheric air of the cities of Novosibirsk and Iskitim of the Novosibirsk region is carried out. The influence of meteorological conditions on pollution levels is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of observational data carried out in the winter months of 2018, for which high monthly mean concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene were recorded in both cities, reaching 15–20 maximum permissible concentrations. Correlation relationships were obtained between measurements at stations in the cities of Novosibirsk and Iskitim, which indicates the determining influence of meteorological conditions on pollution levels.

scholarly journals The possibilities of using biodiesel in service of reducing the urban air pollution

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Đukić
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Transport Sector

Using renewable energy is in line with the global strategy of sustainable development. The use of biofuels in transport contributes to increasing security of supply and reducing dependence of the transport sector on oil, reducing the share of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport and sustainable development of urban areas. The advantage of biodiesel in comparison to other alternative fuels can be seen in use in existing vehicles without or with minor modification of existing motors, depending on the concentration of biofuels in combination with fossil fuels. This paper discusses the possibilities of reducing the air pollution by using biodiesel, pollutants arising as a result of combustion of fuel in internal combustion engines, as well as the possibility of using waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel. The presented results show the reduction of air pollution using biodiesel as an alternative fuel, as well as the possibilities of solving the problem of wasting edible oil by using it for biodiesel production

scholarly journals THE PREDICTIVE EFFECTS OF PROTECTION MOTIVATION THEORY ON ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS URBAN AIR QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Syazwani Sahrir
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Protection Motivation Theory ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Protection Motivation ◽  
Motivation Theory ◽  
Behavioural Responses

In urban areas, the rigid division of residential, commercial, employment and recreational areas forms a reliance on road transport, which leads to high levels of emission that gradually affects the quality of the urban environment. We establish the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as a framework for explaining adaptive behavioural responses among urban communities in Malaysia. Participants (N = 450) answered to face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the results specify establishment for the proposed model, with perceived vulnerability (H1) (ß = 0.246, t = 4.534, P=0.000) and and self-efficacy (H3) (ß = 0.510, t = 9.653, P=0.000) positively predicting adaptive behaviour on  urban air pollution. The results presented that these structures were able to predict 47% of the variance of adaptive behaviour. The study establishes a significant contribution to the literature by contributing an indication of PMT as an ideal framework for adaptive behavioural responses on urban air pollution.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Relationship between Urban Air Quality and Environmental Urban Factors in Urban Regeneration Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Yakup Egercioglu ◽  
Nur Sinem Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Planning Decisions

Urban air pollution has been increasing due to ever increasing population, rapid urbanization, industrialization, energy usage, traffic density. The purpose of the study is to examine the relation between urban air quality and urban environmental factors in urban regeneration areas. Two common air polluters (SO2 and PM10) are considered in the study. The data are collected for Cigli district, including the level of air pollutants, the local natural gas service lines and planning decisions for the years between 2007 and 2011. According to the examinations, urban environmental factors and planning decisions affect the urban air quality in urban regeneration areas.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Urban air pollution; urban regeneration; quality of lif; environmental factors Introduction

scholarly journals Urban Air Pollution and Human Health: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol Special Issue (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Kaur ◽  
Charu Jhamaria
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract

Rapid and unplanned industrialization and urbanization have led to an increase in air pollutants in the urban areas are not new phenomena. Findings of several pieces of research have shown that at every stage of life beginning from the effect on developing embryo till an older age. A strong relationship has been reported between urban air pollutants with a wide variety of diseases like respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, adverse effects on the nervous system, endocrine system, prevalence of diseases like diabetes, premature births, etc. Highly susceptible groups are the children and elderly, making this problem a serious concern worldwide. Inhalation of an increasing amount of particulate matter with a variety of toxic chemicals adhered to its surface and gaseous pollutants emitted from various sources initiate complex chemical reactions in the body giving rise to several diseases. The particles move through the upper respiratory tract showing its effect in the form of pulmonary inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), moving further affects the heart rate variability (HRV), Ischemic heart disease, crosses the Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leading to mental and behavior disorder as well as insulin resistance leading to diabetes. The health impacts of poor air quality are serious which require urgent attention. This comprehensive review article aims to provide comprehensive information that can be useful for environmentalists, researchers, engineers, and policymakers for incorporating the data for implementing robust action to combat the problem of increasing urban air pollution.

From Urban Air Quality Forecasting and Information Systems to Integrated Urban Hydrometeorology, Climate and Environment Systems and Services for Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Urban Weather ◽  
Air Quality Forecasting

<p>This presentation is analysing a modern evolution in research and development from specific urban air quality systems to multi-hazard and integrated urban weather, environment and climate systems and services and provides an overview of joint results of large EU FP FUMAPEX, MEGAPOLI, EuMetChem and MarcoPolo projects and international WMO GURME and IUS teams. </p><p>Urban air pollution is still one of the key environmental issues for many cities around the world. A number of recent and previous international studies have been initiated to explore these issues. In particular relevant experience from several European projects will be demonstrated. MEGAPOLI studies aimed to assess the impacts of megacities and large air-pollution hotspots on local, regional and global air quality; to quantify feedback mechanisms linking megacity air quality, local and regional climates, and global climate change; and to develop improved tools for predicting air pollution levels in megacities (doi:10.5194/asr-4-115-2010). FUMAPEX developed for the first time an integrated system encompassing emissions, urban meteorology and population exposure for urban air pollution episode forecasting, the assessment of urban air quality and health effects, and for emergency preparedness issues for urban areas (UAQIFS: Urban Air Quality Forecasting and Information System; doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2005-2006; doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-855-2007).</p><p>While important advances have been made, new interdisciplinary research studies are needed to increase our understanding of the interactions between emissions, air quality, and regional and global climates. Studies need to address both basic and applied research and bridge the spatial and temporal scales connecting local emissions, air quality and weather with climate and global atmospheric chemistry. WMO has established the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Urban Research Meteorology and Environment (GURME) project which provides an important research contribution to the integrated urban services.</p><p>Most of the disasters affecting urban areas are of a hydro-meteorological nature and these have increased due to climate change. Cities are also responsible not only for air pollution emissions, but also for generating up to 70% of GHG emissions that drive large scale climate change. Thus, there is a strong feedback between contributions of cities to environmental health, climate change and the impacts of climate change on cities and these phases of the problem should not be considered separately. There is a critical need to consider the problem in a complex manner with interactions of climate change and disaster risk reduction for urban areas (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059, doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.05.004).</p><p>WMO is promoting safe, healthy and resilient cities through the development of Integrated Urban Weather, Environment and Climate Services (IUS). The aim is to build urban services that meet the special needs of cities through a combination of dense observation networks, high-resolution forecasts, multi-hazard early warning systems, disaster management plans and climate services. This approach gives cities the tools they need to reduce emissions, build thriving and resilient communities and implement the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The Guidance on IUS, developed by a WMO inter-programme working group, documents and shares the good practices that will allow countries and cities to improve the resilience of urban areas to a great variety of natural and other hazards (https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=9903).</p>

scholarly journals How to Use Hydrogen in a New Strategy to Mitigate Urban Air Pollution and Preserve Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015
Author(s):  
Louiza Haddad ◽  
Zeroual Aouachria ◽  
Djamel Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Clean Energy Source

If transport is an essential means for the development of the economy, society and its mobility, it has the drawback of leading to significant atmospheric pollution. As traffic density is very high in large cities, air pollution is amplified by the various means of transport resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. Urban air pollution is mainly caused by vehicles generating emissions harmful to human health. Our objective of this work is to analyze a strategy to eliminate or reduce the emission of these pollutants (NOx, CO, CO2) during combustion. This strategy aims to explore a clean energy source alternative to fossil fuels. This approach consists of completely replacing the internal combustion scalar with the engine powered by fuel cells using hydrogen. This motivates decision makers to choose hydrogen as an alternative fuel to protect the urban environment and the health human from air pollution. This study shows that it is possible to perfectly mitigate pollutants from urban transport systems by using a PEMFC as an alternative clean energy source. Analyze a strategy to eliminate or reduce the emissions of these pollutants (NOx, CO, CO2) during the combustion of full fossil fuel in vehicle engines. This strategy aims to exploit the energy vector represented by hydrogen in order to save human life in more populated areas and protect the environment. The pressure, temperature and concentration of each species (O2, H2 and H2O) are obtained from the resolution of the electrochemical model coupled to the dynamic model, which we do not present here.

scholarly journals Urban Air Quality Guidance Based on Measures Categorization in Road Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
Beti Angelevska ◽  
Vaska Atanasova ◽  
Igor Andreevski
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Urban Air Quality ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Pollution Levels

Air pollution is a cause for serious concerns in urban areas in Republic of North Macedonia. Intensive development of road transport increases the main air pollutants’ concentrations - particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, whose monitored values are continuously exceeding the limit. The main disadvantage of the national plans and annual reports is the absence of comprehensive and categorized list of reduction/mitigation measures for road transport impacts on air quality. Analyzing the current air pollution problem and road transport contribution this paper provides the needed and detailed categorization of short-to-long term reduction/mitigation measures consisting of five subcategories. Based on measure categorization, a guiding frame for urban air quality is designed, intended for further support and assistance for local authorities in the process of air pollution control. Designed with integrated activities, the air quality guidance enables them to select suitable measures to manage road transport pollution and to evaluate their effects estimating the changes in air pollution levels. Hence, the guidance can be used for thorough planning of air quality issues caused by road transport and for policy making. Contributing for urban air quality improvement the guidance is a first step towards the implementation of air pollution management in urban areas. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091651 Full Text: PDF

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