scholarly journals Enfermedades foliares del caucho (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) establecido en un campo clonal ubicado en el Magdalena Medio Santandereano (Colombia).

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeirme Yaneth Jaimes S. ◽  
Jairo Rojas M.

<p>Las enfermedades foliares fúngicas son consideradas las principales causas del declive de la producción del caucho natural en los países productores. Dada su importancia, en el presente estudio se evaluó su incidencia y severidad en los clones FX 3864, IAN 710, PB 217, PB 260, PB 235, PB 314, RRIC 110, RRIM 703, RRIM 600 establecidos en campo clonal en la región del magdalena medio santandereano. En cinco muestreos realizados entre agosto de 2009 y marzo de 2010, se determinó la incidencia y severidad de patógenos foliares en hojas en estado B y D, respectivamente. en el tejido foliar de los clones evaluados se encontró la incidencia de hongos de los géneros Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Dreschlera, Microcyclus ulei y royas. Las enfermedades causadas por los potenciales patógenos se presentaron con mayor severidad en los clones RRIm 703 y FX 3864 en un 51% y 64%, respectivamente. En contraste, las enfermedades se presentaron con menor severidad en los clones IAN 710, PB 314 y RRIC 110 con valores entre el 3% y el 7%. Dentro de los hongos incidentes, se encontraron varios patógenos potenciales del cultivo, requiriéndose profundizar en el conocimiento del ataque e interacciones con el hospedero y las condiciones climáticas de la región. Además, se debe correlacionar su incidencia y severidad con datos de temperatura y humedad en intervalos de tiempo cortos. esto permitirá estimar las condiciones climáticas y los tiempos que favorecen los procesos de infección y desarrollo de las enfermedades foliares en cultivos de caucho de la región.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Foliar diseases of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) planted on a clonal garden at the Middle Magdalena region of the Department of Santander (Colombia).</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Fungal foliar diseases are considered the major cause of yield decline in rubber tree producing countries. Thus, this study assessed incidence and severity in the Clones FX 3864, IAN 710, PB 217, PB 260, PB 235, PB 314, rich man 110, RRIM 703, RRIM 600 established in a clonal garden in the middle magdalena region of the Department of santander (Colombia). Five surveys conducted between August 2009 and march 2010, determined the fungal pathogen incidence and severity on leaves at stage B and D, respectively. Foliar tissue of assessed clones showed incidence of Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Dreschlera, Microcyclus ulei genera and rusts. Diseases caused by these potential pathogens occurred severely in the RRIM 703 and FX 3864 clones with 51% and 64% respectively. In contrast, diseases were less severe in IAN 710, PB 314 and RRIC 110 clones with values between 3% and 7%. Within the results observed, several potential crop fungi pathogens were found, which require a deeper understanding of their attack and interactions with the host and regional climatic conditions. Furthermore, the correlation of incidence and severity with temperature and humidity data at short time intervals should be determined. This will allow the prediction of the weather conditions and periods that bring on the infection process and the development of fungal diseases on rubber crops in the region.</p>

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Siva Sangu ◽  
Sepiah Muid

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is among the main causal agent of anthracnose of the rubber tree (Heveabrasiliensis). This disease is considered as one of the major foliar diseases that causes declining yields of rubberproduction in Asia. In order to understand the effect of environmental variables on anthracnose, the effect ofinoculum concentrations on the disease development and severity was studied. Spore concentration of 106spores/ml produced the most prominent disease development. Disease was most severe when the leaves werekept in continuous moisture condition for four weeks. Fungal response study showed that the fungus needed 120hours after inoculation (hai) to penetrate and colonize leaf cells. Knowledge of this factor on diseasedevelopment can help improve management tactics based on the control of environmental factors.


2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry S. Chafetz ◽  
James R. Lawrence

ABSTRACT Six hot and two ambient water travertine systems were sampled to determine the relationships between the stable isotopic composition of the travertines and the waters from which they were deposited. This was conducted in order to evaluate the use of geochemical analyses of ancient travertines for the interpretation of the composition of the waters from which they precipitated, climatic conditions at time of formation, etc. The waters displayed down-flow trends of progressively higher (^ 8'3C values, in all 8 systems, and (H) 618O values, in all 6 hot water systems. Whereas the stable isotopic values of the mineral precipitates sometimes showed similar trends, the magnitude of the downflow changes commonly was quite different than that exhibited by the water data. Additionally, different types of precipitates, which formed within centimeters of each other, commonly had different stable isotopic compositions, e.g., crusts which formed at the air/water interface always had higher 813C and 8'8O values than constituents which formed within the immediately subjacent water column. The lack of a simple relationship between stable isotopic composition of the water and the precipitate is due to the fact that the stable isotopic composition of the precipitates are controlled by a number of variables, including the water's composition, temperature, level of saturation, etc. And these variables can change dramatically within very short distances and at the same spot within very short time intervals. Thus, as demonstrated by the stable isotope data, attempting to interpret the composition of the water from the composition of the deposit is a highly risky venture.


2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiro Matsuda ◽  
Kazuhiro Misawa ◽  
Hirotaka Takahashi ◽  
Kenta Furukawa ◽  
Satoshi Uemura

Author(s):  
Klepikov O.V. ◽  
Kolyagina N.M. ◽  
Berezhnova T.A. ◽  
Kulintsova Ya.V.

Relevance. Today, in preventive medicine, climatic conditions that have a pathological effect on the functional state of a person are increasingly being updated. the occurrence of exacerbations of many diseases can be causally associated with various weather conditions. Aim: to develop the main tasks for improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Material and methods. The assessment of personnel, material and technical support and the main performance indicators of an outpatient clinic was carried out on the example of the Voronezh city polyclinic No. 18 to develop the main tasks for improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results. The main personnel problem is the low staffing of district therapists and specialists of a narrow service. One of the priorities for reducing the burden on medical hospitals is the organization of inpatient replacement medical care on the basis of outpatient clinics. The indicators for the implementation of state guarantees for the outpatient network for 2018, which were fully implemented, are given. The analysis of the planned load performance by polyclinic specialists is presented. Cardiological and neurological services carry out measures to reduce the risk of exacerbations of diseases with cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertension, and major neurological nosologies. Conclusion. Improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with cardiovascular diseases are: informing patients about the sources of specialized medical weather forecasts in the region, organizing the work of the medical prevention office, implementing an interdepartmental approach to providing health care to the most vulnerable groups of the population.


Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Balashova ◽  
◽  
Lika I. Mikeladze ◽  
Elena K. Kozlova ◽  
◽  
...  

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