Design and Implementation of Image Edge Detection Algorithm on FPGA

Image processing is an important task in data processing systems for applications such as medical sectors, remote sensing, and microscopy tomography. Edge recognition is a sort of image division method that is used to simplify the image records so as to reduce the amount of data to be processed. Edges are considered the most important in image processing because they are used to characterize the boundaries of an image. The performance of the Canny edge recognition algorithm remarkably surpasses the present edge recognition technology in various computer visualization methods. The main drawback of using Canny edge boundary is that it consumes lot of period due to its complex computation. In order to tackle this problem a hybrid edge recognition method is proposed in block stage to locate edges with no loss. It employs the Sobel operator estimate method to calculate the value and direction of the gradient by substituting complex processes by hardware cost savings, traditional non-maximum suppression adaptive thresholding block organization, and conventional hysteresis thresholding. Pipeline was presented to lessen latency. The planned strategy is simulated using Xilinx ISE Design Suite14.2 running on a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA board. The synthesized architecture uses less hardware to detect edges and operates at maximum frequency of 935 MHz.

Poverty as a global problem of humankind

Subject. This article considers poverty as a global economic problem and explores its level in the countries of the world. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of poverty of the population in the countries of the world according to international and national criteria. Methods. For the study, we applied a comprehensive approach using comparison, analysis and synthesis, and the normalized estimate method. Results. A comprehensive study of poverty shows that the phenomenon of poverty is inherent in all economies of the world, and the situation of the poor is deteriorating and complicated by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions. The activities of international organizations to overcome poverty bring good results – the percentage of the population in the countries of the world beyond the threshold of extreme poverty is decreasing. Overcoming the problem of hunger and extreme poverty, countries face a new challenge, namely, ensuring a decent standard of living and establishing adequate national criteria for the poverty line.

Development of an experiment-split method for benchmarking the generalization of a PTM site predictor: Lysine methylome as an example

Many computational classifiers have been developed to predict different types of post-translational modification sites. Their performances are measured using cross-validation or independent test, in which experimental data from different sources are mixed and randomly split into training and test sets. However, the self-reported performances of most classifiers based on this measure are generally higher than their performances in the application of new experimental data. It suggests that the cross-validation method overestimates the generalization ability of a classifier. Here, we proposed a generalization estimate method, dubbed experiment-split test, where the experimental sources for the training set are different from those for the test set that simulate the data derived from a new experiment. We took the prediction of lysine methylome (Kme) as an example and developed a deep learning-based Kme site predictor (called DeepKme) with outstanding performance. We assessed the experiment-split test by comparing it with the cross-validation method. We found that the performance measured using the experiment-split test is lower than that measured in terms of cross-validation. As the test data of the experiment-split method were derived from an independent experimental source, this method could reflect the generalization of the predictor. Therefore, we believe that the experiment-split method can be applied to benchmark the practical performance of a given PTM model. DeepKme is free accessible via https://github.com/guoyangzou/DeepKme.

Solvability of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equation with nonlocal condition

PurposeThis study describes the applicability of the a priori estimate method on a nonlocal nonlinear fractional differential equation for which the weak solution's existence and uniqueness are proved. The authors divide the proof into two sections for the linear associated problem; the authors derive the a priori bound and demonstrate the operator range density that is generated. The authors solve the nonlinear problem by introducing an iterative process depending on the preceding results.Design/methodology/approachThe functional analysis method is the a priori estimate method or energy inequality method.FindingsThe results show the efficiency of a priori estimate method in the case of time-fractional order differential equations with nonlocal conditions. Our results also illustrate the existence and uniqueness of the continuous dependence of solutions on fractional order differential equations with nonlocal conditions.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors’ work can be considered a contribution to the development of the functional analysis method that is used to prove well-positioned problems with fractional order.Originality/valueThe authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Phragm\’{e}n-Lindel\”{o}f alternative results in time-dependent double-diffusive Darcy plane flow

This paper investigates the spatial behavior of the solutions of the double-diffusive Darcy plane flow in a semi-infinite channel. Using the energy estimate method and the differential inequality technology, a differential inequality about the solutions is derived. By solving this differential inequality, it is proved that the solutions grow polynomially or decay exponentially with spatial variable. In the case of decay, we obtain the upper bound for the total energy. We also give some remarks to generalize the results of this paper.

Theoretical and Numerical Aspect of Fractional Differential Equations with Purely Integral Conditions

In this paper, we are interested in the study of a Caputo time fractional advection–diffusion equation with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions of integral types ∫01vx,tdx and ∫01xnvx,tdx. The existence and uniqueness of the given problem’s solution is proved using the method of the energy inequalities known as the “a priori estimate” method relying on the range density of the operator generated by the considered problem. The approximate solution for this problem with these new kinds of boundary conditions is established by using a combination of the finite difference method and the numerical integration. Finally, we give some numerical tests to illustrate the usefulness of the obtained results.

The change in estimate method for selecting confounders: A simulation study

Background The change in estimate is a popular approach for selecting confounders in epidemiology. It is recommended in epidemiologic textbooks and articles over significance test of coefficients, but concerns have been raised concerning its validity. Few simulation studies have been conducted to investigate its performance. Methods An extensive simulation study was realized to compare different implementations of the change in estimate method. The implementations were also compared when estimating the association of body mass index with diastolic blood pressure in the PROspective Québec Study on Work and Health. Results All methods were susceptible to introduce important bias and to produce confidence intervals that included the true effect much less often than expected in at least some scenarios. Overall mixed results were obtained regarding the accuracy of estimators, as measured by the mean squared error. No implementation adequately differentiated confounders from non-confounders. In the real data analysis, none of the implementation decreased the estimated standard error. Conclusion Based on these results, it is questionable whether change in estimate methods are beneficial in general, considering their low ability to improve the precision of estimates without introducing bias and inability to yield valid confidence intervals or to identify true confounders.

Introducing the Hormonal Intrauterine Device in Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia: Results From a Pilot Study

Background: The hormonal Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a highly effective contraceptive option growing in popularity and availability in many countries. The hormonal IUD has been shown to have high rates of satisfaction and continuation among users in high-income countries. The study aims to understand the profiles of clients who choose the hormonal IUD in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and describe their continuation and satisfaction with the method after 12 months of use. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of hormonal IUD acceptors was conducted across three countries—Madagascar, Nigeria, and Zambia—where the hormonal IUD had been introduced in a pilot setting within the context of a broad mix of available methods. Women were interviewed at baseline immediately following their voluntary hormonal IUD insertion, and again three and 12 months following provision of the method. A descriptive analysis of user characteristics and satisfaction with the method was conducted on an analytic sample of women who completed baseline, three-month, and 12-month follow-up questionnaires. Kaplan-Meier cumulative hazard models were used to estimate method continuation rates up to 12 months post-insertion.Results: Each country had a unique demographic profile of hormonal IUD users with different method use histories. Across all three countries, women reported high rates of satisfaction with the hormonal IUD (67-100%) and high rates of continuation at the 12-month mark (91-93%).Conclusions: Rates of satisfaction and continuation among hormonal IUD users in the study suggest that expanding method choice with the hormonal IUD would provide a highly effective, long-acting method desirable to many different population segments, including those with high unmet need.

Seismic Performance Assessment of High Asphalt Concrete Core Rockfill Dam Considering Shorter Duration and Longer Duration

Current research trends in seismic frequent regions aim at developing the appropriate performance – based design approach for high asphalt concrete core rockfill dams (ACCRDs). Under intense ground motions (GMs), the seismic performance of dams depends on seismological characteristics mainly containing the frequency, amplitude, and duration. Recently, the characteristic of frequency and amplitude of GMs which can trigger severe damages to the dams has been accepted and incorporated into the seismic design codes in most countries. As one of the key characteristics of earthquakes, the duration of strong GMs also should be fully understood in order to carry out more reasonable performance – based design approach of dams. This paper explores the effect of the duration of strong GMs, investing the seismic performance of high ACCRDs by employing integrated duration concept, which can reflect the duration of all components of GMs. The high ACCRD was built in the commercial software ABAQUS considering the dam-reservoir-foundation interaction systems. Additionally, the coupling multiple stripe analysis and maximum likelihood estimate method are used to generate seismic fragility curves for the dam according to two damage indicators. Findings from this study revealed that the longer duration GMs can give rise to higher probability of exceedance (POE) of the dam than shorter duration. It is recommended that in the work of the current seismic design and seismic performance evaluate, the effects of GM duration in addition to frequency and amplitude should be considered.