scholarly journals Estimating the Population Size of Female Sex Workers in Three South African Cities: Results and Recommendations From the 2013-2014 South Africa Health Monitoring Survey and Stakeholder Consensus

10.2196/10188 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e10188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Grasso ◽  
Albert E Manyuchi ◽  
Maria Sibanyoni ◽  
Alex Marr ◽  
Tom Osmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Size ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Stakeholder Consensus ◽  
South African Cities

scholarly journals Using IBBS Survey Data and Stakeholder Consensus to Estimate Population Size of Female Sex Workers in Three South African Cities: Results and Recommendations From the 2013-14 South Africa Health Monitoring Survey (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Grasso ◽  
Albert E Manyuchi ◽  
Maria Sibanyoni ◽  
Alex Marr ◽  
Tom Osmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Population Size ◽  
South African ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Point Estimates ◽  
Stakeholder Consensus ◽  
South African Cities ◽  
Size Estimates

BACKGROUND Robust population size estimates (PSEs) for female sex workers (FSW) and other key populations in South Africa face multiple methodological limitations, including inconsistencies in surveillance and programmatic indicators; this has consequently challenged appropriate allocation of resources and benchmark-setting necessary to an effective HIV response. A 2013-14 Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) survey from South Africa showed alarmingly high HIV prevalence among FSW in South Africa’s three largest cities of Johannesburg (71.8%), Cape Town (39.7%), and eThekwini (53.5%). The survey also included several multiplier-based population size estimation (PSE) methods. OBJECTIVE To present the selected PSE methods used in an IBBS survey and subsequent participatory process used to estimate the number of FSW in three South African cities. METHODS In 2013-14 we used respondent driven sampling (RDS) to recruit independent samples of FSW for IBBS surveys in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and eThekwini. We embedded multiple multiplier-based PSE methods into the survey, from which investigators calculated a range of PSEs for each city’s FSW population. Following data analysis, investigators consulted civil society stakeholders to present survey results and PSEs and facilitated stakeholder vetting of individual PSEs to arrive at consensus point estimates with upper and lower plausibility bounds. RESULTS A total of 2,180 FSW participated in the SAHMS survey. To perform the size estimate exercise, investigators calculated preliminary point estimates as the median of the multiple estimation methods embedded in the IBBS survey, and presented these to a civil-society convened stakeholder group. Stakeholders vetted all estimates in light of other data points, including programmatic experience, to ensure that only plausible point estimates were included in the calculation of the median. After vetting, stakeholders adopted three consensus point estimates with plausible ranges (PR): Johannesburg 7,697 (plausible range (PR) 5,000 - 10,895); Cape Town 6,500 (PR 4,579-9,000); eThekwini 9,323 (PR 4,000-10,000). CONCLUSIONS Through the use of several PSE methods embedded in an IBBS survey and a participatory stakeholder consensus process, SAHMS produced FSW size estimates representing approximately 0.48%, 0.49% and 0.77% of the adult female population in Johannesburg, Cape Town and eThekwini. In data-sparse environments, stakeholder engagement and consensus is critical to vetting of multiple empirically-based PSE procedures to ensure adoption and utilization of data-informed PSEs for coordinated national and sub-national benchmarking. Incorporating stakeholder consensus in PSE methodology has the potential to increase coherence in national and key populations-specific HIV responses, and decrease the likelihood of duplicative and wasteful resource allocation. We recommend building cooperative and productive academic-civil society partnerships around PSE and other strategic information dissemination and sharing to facilitate the incorporation of additional data as it becomes available in order to increase accuracy and precision over time, and decrease biases inherent in any single, investigator calculated method.

scholarly journals Migration Status, Work Conditions and Health Utilization of Female Sex Workers in Three South African Cities

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlise Richter ◽  
Matthew F. Chersich ◽  
Jo Vearey ◽  
Benn Sartorius ◽  
Marleen Temmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Health Utilization ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
South African Cities

YOUTH WELLBEING IN SOUTH AFRICA: WHAT DIMENSIONS SHOULD WE MEASURE?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
South African ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
African Cities ◽  
South African Cities ◽  
Selection Of

There is growing interest in the development of measures and indexes of youth wellbeing. However, there has been a limited discussion on indicators to measure and select them. This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study on the selection of indicators to measure the wellbeing of young people in South Africa, and reflects on the relevance of the content of their values in choosing indicators for measuring their wellbeing. The data used in this analysis is based on telephone (9) and email (6) interviews conducted with 15 young people (male=5, female=10) aged 22 to 32 from five South African cities during July 2010. In the interviews, participants were asked to identify five issues they considered important to their lives, after which they were asked to rank them in order of importance. The issues indicated by the participants are described and discussed in six dimensions: economic, relationships, spiritual and health, education, time use and material. The indicators developed from this study are discussed in terms of their relevance for use in a measure of youth wellbeing in South Africa.

Urban history in the new South Africa: continuity and innovation since the end of apartheid

Urban History ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIVIAN BICKFORD-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
New Work ◽  
Small Field ◽  
African Cities ◽  
South African Cities

The Soweto uprising of 1976 confirmed to most observers that the anti-apartheid struggle (in contrast to anti-colonial struggles in many other parts of Africa) would be largely urban in character. This realization gave impetus to a rapid growth in the hitherto small field of South African urban history. Much new work predictably sought to understand the nature of conflict and inequality in South African cities and its possible resolution.

scholarly journals Socially Embedded Character of Informal Channels of Remittances: ‘Omalayisha’ in the South Africa/Zimbabwe Remittance Corridor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vusilizwe Thebe ◽  
Sara Mutyatyu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
The South ◽  
Strategic Networks ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Urban Livelihoods ◽  
Historical Movement ◽  
South African Cities ◽  
Peasant Economy

In this article, we cast some doubts on contemporary initiatives to formalise remittance channels by focusing on particular dynamics of the informal ‘malayisha’ system on the South Africa/Zimbabwe remittance corridor. We stress the socially embedded character of ‘omalayisha’ in some rural societies by demonstrating that the system is built on strong social and community relations of friendship, neighbourhood, kinship and referrals, and the development of strategic networks of state officials. We also seek to draw parallels between the historical movement of remittances from the cities to rural societies and the contemporary system of ‘omalayisha’. Our argument suggest that ‘omalayisha’ are inherently part of the contemporary worker-peasant economy after the relocation and expansion of urban livelihoods to South African cities, and that their position in these societies extends beyond mere labour reproduction to accumulation and survival questions.

scholarly journals A Community of Practice Approach to Planning Water Sensitive Cities in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
Kirsty Carden ◽  
Jessica Fell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
South African ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Skills Shortages ◽  
South African Cities

As South African cities urbanise alongside climate change, resource constraints, and socio-economic challenges, water sensitive (urban) design (WSD) is slowly gaining traction as a framework to address water security goals and entrench resilience. This article reflects on the progression of WSD in South Africa and discusses the broadening of its initial association with stormwater and physical infrastructure to include critical governance and institutional arrangements and social engagements at the core of a water sensitive transition. The approach is  being adapted for the socio-economic challenges particular to  South Africa, including basic urban water and sanitation service provision, WSD related skills shortages, a lack of spatial planning support for WSD, and the need for enabling policy. Since 2014, a national WSD Community of Practice (CoP) has been a key driver in entrenching and advancing this approach and ensuring that the necessary stakeholders are involved and sufficiently skilled. The WSD CoP is aimed at promoting an integrative approach to planning water sensitive cities, bridging the gaps between theory and practice and blending the social and physical sciences and silo divisions within local municipalities. Three South African examples are presented to illustrate the role of a CoP approach with social learning aspects that support WSD : (1) the “Pathways to water resilient South African cities” interdisciplinary project which shows the institutional (policy) foundation for the integration of WSD into city water planning and management processes; (2) the Sustainable Drainage Systems  training programme in the province of Gauteng which demonstrates a skills audit and training initiative as part of an intergovernmental skills development programme with academic partners; and (3) a working group that is being established between the Institute for Landscape Architecture in South Africa and the South African Institution of Civil Engineering which illustrates the challenges and efforts of key professions working together to build WSD capacity.

scholarly journals ‘Scared of going to the clinic’: Contextualising healthcare access for men who have sex with men, female sex workers and people who use drugs in two South African cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Duby ◽  
Busisiwe Nkosi ◽  
Andrew Scheibe ◽  
Ben Brown ◽  
Linda-Gail Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
South African ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
South African Cities

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers (SW) and people who use drugs (PWUD) are at increased risk for HIV because of multiple socio-structural barriers and do not have adequate access to appropriate HIV prevention, diagnosis and treatment services.Objective: To examine the context of access to healthcare experienced by these three ‘Key Populations’, we conducted a qualitative study in two South African cities: Bloemfontein in the Free State province and Mafikeng in the North West province.Method: We carried out in-depth interviews to explore healthcare workers’ perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards Key Populations. Focus group discussions were also conducted with members of Key Populations exploring their experiences of accessing healthcare.Results: Healthcare workers described their own attitudes towards Key Populations and demonstrated a lack of relevant knowledge, skills and training to manage the particular health needs and vulnerabilities facing Key Populations. Female SW, MSM and PWUD described their experiences of stigmatisation, and of being made to feel guilt, shame and a loss of dignity as a result of the discrimination by healthcare providers and other community. members. Our findings suggest that the uptake and effectiveness of health services amongst Key Populations in South Africa is limited by internalised stigma, reluctance to seek care, unwillingness to disclose risk behaviours to healthcare workers, combined with a lack of knowledge and understanding on the part of the broader community members, including healthcare workers.Conclusion: This research highlights the need to address the broader healthcare provision environment, improving alignment of policies and programming in order to strengthen provision of effective health services that people from Key Populations will be able to access.

Spaces of Democracy: Remapping the Apartheid City

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Robinson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Government ◽  
South African ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Chantal Mouffe ◽  
South African Cities ◽  
Transitional Phase

Democracy is associated with particular kinds of spatialities. In this paper I address two aspects of the spatiality of democracy through an assessment of transitional arrangements for local government in South African cities. Political identities, as well as spatial arrangements, involved in democratic politics are associated with instability, uncertainty, and ongoing contestation. In democracies, the contestation both of identities and of spaces is institutionalised and this implies the generalisation of particular spatialities. Drawing on a spatially informed interpretation of the work of Ernest Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, I argue that the transitional phase in the emergence of democracy in South Africa has involved the growth of a democratic culture—even in situations where substantial compromises have been made to keep recalcitrant white interests on board. I question the assertion of a nonracial politics which seeks to erase the possibility of ethnically based political identities and argue that the failure of the left to hegemonise their perspective of a nonracial political project and a nonracial postapartheid city may have ironically assisted in extending the possibilities for democracy. A key conclusion is that democracies are associated with different spatialities which facilitate contestation and representation. A politics of space, given the radical undecidability of spatial boundaries, is supportive of the extension of democracy.

From Main Reef to Albertina Sisulu Road

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-50
Author(s):  
Natasha Erlank
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Space ◽  
South African ◽  
The Public ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Street Naming ◽  
South African Cities

Public space in South Africa often feels overwhelmingly male-focused. Nevertheless, some municipalities, in the wake of post-apartheid transformation, have consciously attempted to commemorate women in the renaming that has taken place since 1994. In this article I examine some of these impulses, and their implication for the public commemoration of women in South Africa. I am interested in two aspects of this: how ideas about gender are represented in public memorialization (ideas about both masculinity and femininity); and how these ideas have changed, if at all, over the last twenty years. In order to do this I examine the phenomenon of memorialization via street names, in particular the street naming controversies that have erupted in key South African cities over roughly the last ten years.

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