HIGH WOMEN'S UNOFFICIAL NAMES AND THEIR REFLECTION IN THE DIALECT PICTURE OF THE WORLD

Постановка задачи. В исследовании рассмотрению подвергаются антропонимы, репрезентирующие женщин по внешности, неполноценности, особенности речи и голоса, чертам характера, темпераменту, кулинарным предпочтениям, роду занятий, должности, отношению к работе, и их отражение в диалектной картине мира жителей небольшого посёлка Высокого Таловского района Воронежской области. В процессе работы определены своеобразные черты и характеристики образа представительниц слабого пола, которые одобряются и не одобряются в деревенском социуме. Обращение к живой народной речи, функционирующей в устах коренных селян, с целью изучения с последующим сохранением языковых материалов является актуальным, так как в ней содержится современная информация о целом поколении людей и их взаимоотношениях в коллективе. Результаты. В ходе изыскания описано 43 неофициальных имени, представленных 7 тематическими группами. Определена самая продуктивная группа - антропонимы, данные по внешности человека, и самая малочисленная - уличные именования по неполноценности. Выявлено, что 5 человек имеют по 2 прозвища, 1 женщина считается обладательницей 4 прозвищ, которые получила за особенности внешности и поведения. Установлены имена-метафоры, маркирующих их носительниц. Они репрезентируются множеством возникающих ассоциаций: со стрекозой, планетой Солнечной системы, установкой для обработки мяса или рыбы, предметом для глажения, рекой, оружием, птицей, ядовитым растением, надзорным учреждением, рок-группой и др. Функционирующие антропонимы выражены существительными и прилагательными, образованы двумя способами: суффиксальным и сложением основ. С помощью рассмотренных лексических единиц представлен идеальный женский образ с присущими ему чертами. Продемонстрированы качества его антипода. Выводы. Осуществлённое исследование определило использование в народном языке своеобразных уличных именований женщин, являющихся частью диалектной картины мира высочан. Она подчинена определённым условным нормам и правилам, известным только местным жителям, разработанным ими самими для удобства в межличностном общении. Отражение картины мира через прозвища свидетельствует о богатом лексическом запасе, воображении и фантазии диалектоносителей. Она раскрывает и состояние местного говора в наше время - живого, активно развивающегося, самобытного. Мир всех и каждого в отдельности, естественность и простота - таково содержание картины мира деревенского человека. Представленное изыскание дополняет имеющиеся немногочисленные работы воронежских лингвистов-диалектологов и ономастов и вносит вклад в изучение местной антропонимики. Statement of the problem. The study examines the anthroponyms that represent women in appearance, inferiority, speech and voice, character traits, temperament, culinary preferences, occupation, position, attitude to work, and their reflection in the dialectal picture of the world of the inhabitants of the small village of Vysoky Talovsky district of the Voronezh region In the process of work, the peculiar features and characteristics of the image of the fairer sex were determined, which are approved and disapproved in the village society. The appeal to the living folk speech, functioning in the mouths of the indigenous villagers, with the aim of studying with the subsequent preservation of linguistic materials, is relevant, since it contains modern information about a whole generation of people and their relationships in the team. Results. During the survey, 43 unofficial names were described, represented by 7 thematic groups. The most productive group has been identified - anthroponyms, data on a person's appearance, and the smallest - street naming for inferiority. It was revealed that 5 people have 2 nicknames, 1 woman is considered the owner of 4 nicknames, which she received for features of appearance and behavior. The names-metaphors, marking their carriers, have been established. They are represented by a multitude of emerging associations: with a dragonfly, a planet of the solar system, an installation for processing meat or fish, an ironing object, a river, a weapon, a bird, a poisonous plant, a supervisory institution, a rock band, etc. Functioning anthroponyms are expressed by nouns and adjectives, formed in two ways: suffix and base addition. With the help of the considered lexical units, an ideal female image with its inherent features is presented. The qualities of its antipode are demonstrated. Conclusion. The carried out research has determined the use in the folk language of the peculiar street names of women, which are part of the dialectal picture of the world of Vysochan. It is subject to certain conventional norms and rules, known only to local residents, developed by themselves for convenience in interpersonal communication. The reflection of the picture of the world through nicknames testifies to the rich vocabulary, imagination and fantasy of dialect carriers. It also reveals the state of the local dialect in our time - living, actively developing, original. The world of each and every one individually, naturalness and simplicity - such is the content of the picture of the world of a village man. The presented research supplements the few available works of Voronezh linguists-dialectologists and onomasts and contributes to the study of local anthroponymy.

Cultural representation in Luxembourgish street naming practices

This paper investigates street naming practices in Luxembourg. Starting from a theoretical sketch of how the curation of a given cityscape by dint of cultural artifacts (e.g., street names) establishes complex orders of cultural representation, it discusses three case studies for street naming campaigns from Luxembourg. These case studies represent different types of action modes, ideological motives and linguistic materials involved in street naming. First, the naming process for a newly established neighborhood in Luxembourg City illustrates the default mode of street naming by administrative action. Second, the Germanization of Luxembourg City under German occupation during World War II demonstrates the forced alignment of a given cityscape through political octroi. And third, the recent first naming of preexisting streets in the rural municipality of Wincrange provides an example of a participatory naming process that establishes an order of cultural representation based on local traditions.

Community cityscape: modes of engagement and co-construction of the streetscape

This contribution explores the bottom-up processes via which a community – or indeed special interest groups within a community – can influence the semiotic choices in the street-scape around them. I start by discussing the question to which extent the decision-making processes about street naming in different locales are transparent and open to public involvement. I also explore the instruments used by city councils and other administrative agencies to invite or indeed stifle public debate about street names, such as citizens surveys, op-eds in local newspapers and discussion fora as opposed to closed-off systems and exclusionary strategies. The paper moves on to consider grassroots movements opposing top-down decisions, including the mobilization of guerilla activity resulting in semi-spontaneous re-naming of street names and polls/lists of names and letters sent to the city council by concerned citizens. Finally, I consider politically motivated acts of vandalism resulting in semiotic erasure as well as resistance to official naming via inertia. The article closes with a brief discussion of the increasing commercialization of the linguistic streetscape, exploring the impact of market forces which claim authorship of the city text.

Ideology in the linguistic landscape: Towards a quantitative approach

Past approaches to ideological commemorative street naming have taken for granted the concept of ideology, focusing on the policy decisions and the debates surrounding individual and more concerted resemioticisations. In this paper, we demonstrate that the concept of ideology in the context of commemorative street renaming is by no means unequivocal by illustrating how different decisions on what is or is not an ideological street name change influences the shape and the scope of ‘the ideological robe of the city’ (Zieliński, 1994). More specifically, we report on methodological decisions and their implications for representational politics in two towns, Zbąszyń in Poland and Annaberg-Buchholz in Germany, during consecutive waves of regime changes since the First World War. We rely on a complex data-set consisting of maps, town hall documents, street directories, newspapers and interviews with administrative officials. Visualisation of geographical patterns allows us to illustrate the outcomes of different definitions of ideology and explore how these definitions affect our analysis. Our primary aim is to arrive at systematic, and thus supra-locally operationalizable, analytical procedure for distinguishing ideological from non-ideological street naming practices.

Feminine names in current Romanian hodonymy

This study aims to map the gender politics of contemporary Romanian street naming. Hodonyms mirror mentalities and the ideas prevailing in a society. Urban microtoponimy is an androcentric one, as public life has belonged, throughout history, almost exclusively to men. Women emerged from the private and domestic spheres only in the nineteenth century, and this justifies, in a way, the much smaller number of street names that are claimed by female names. The recognition of women’s role in society and their commemoration through hodonyms can function as a reparative act of balancing the power and influence asymmetries.

Towards Creating a Global Urban Toponymy—A Comment

This commentary points to the problems inherent in critical place names studies in terms of classic research topics, methodologies and geographies. It expounds the limits of the official “index”, that is, the variety of traditional urban inscriptions on which critical toponymy scholars rely in interpreting modern urban spatialities—e.g., lists of street names, official street signage, gazetteers, archival materials, etc. The argument is that in Southern urban contexts, where informality in planning can reach up to about 80 percent of the city, researching official naming and signage renders a distorted image of the city and its namescape production. A comment is thus made on the need to embrace more innovative and almost ethnographic research methodologies for understanding place referencing, place attachment and everyday navigational channels in Southern cities. These will generate a more substantial contribution towards the creation of global urban toponymy and a further de-colonization of Eurocentric presumptions regarding governmentality, urban management, and the accompanying role of street naming systems.

Street Names through Sociological Lenses. Part I: Functionalism and Conflict Theory

Street names are mundane spatial markers that besides providing a sense of orientation inscribe onto the landscape the ideological ethos and political symbols of hegemonic discourses. This review article takes stock of the existing scholarship done on the politics of street naming practices in human (political, cultural, and social) geography and rethinks these insights from sociological perspectives. Drawing on Randall Collins’ taxonomy of sociological theory, the paper interprets urban street nomenclatures along functionalist, conflictualist, constructionist, and utilitarian lines. The analysis is delivered in two installments: Part I addresses urban nomenclatures from functionalist and conflictualist perspectives, while Part II (published in the next issue of this journal) approaches street names as social constructions and examines their utilitarian value. In doing so, the paper advances the argument that urban namescapes in general and street names in particular should make an important object of sociological reflection and empirical analysis. It is one of the key arguments developed in this paper that toponymy encapsulates broader and intersecting issues of power, memory, identity, language, and space which can be rendered visible through sociological analysis.