scholarly journals The Prevalence of Sexual Behavior Stigma Affecting Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Across Sub-Saharan Africa and in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna Stahlman ◽  
Travis Howard Sanchez ◽  
Patrick Sean Sullivan ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Carrie Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men

scholarly journals Characterizing Cross-Culturally Relevant Metrics of Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Across 8 Sub-Saharan African Countries and the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jura L Augustinavicius ◽  
Stefan D Baral ◽  
Sarah M Murray ◽  
Kevon Jackman ◽  
Qian-Li Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Overcoming stigma affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) is a foundational element of an effective response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. Quantifying the impact of stigma mitigation interventions necessitates improved measurement of stigma for MSM around the world. In this study, we explored the underlying factor structure and psychometric properties of 13 sexual behavior stigma items among 10,396 MSM across 8 sub-Saharan African countries and the United States using cross-sectional data collected between 2012 and 2016. Exploratory factor analyses were used to examine the number and composition of underlying stigma factors. A 3-factor model was found to be an adequate fit in all countries (root mean square error of approximation = 0.02–0.05; comparative fit index/Tucker-Lewis index = 0.97–1.00/0.94–1.00; standardized root mean square residual = 0.04–0.08), consisting of “stigma from family and friends,” “anticipated health-care stigma,” and “general social stigma,” with internal consistency estimates across countries of α = 0.36–0.80, α = 0.72–0.93, and α = 0.51–0.79, respectively. The 3-factor model of sexual behavior stigma cut across social contexts among MSM in the 9 countries. These findings indicate commonalities in sexual behavior stigma affecting MSM across sub-Saharan Africa and the United States, which can facilitate efforts to track progress on global stigma mitigation interventions.

Epidemiology and the Spread of HIV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bolduc ◽  
Navix Order ◽  
Emily Colgate
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Living With Hiv

Worldwide, approximately 36 million people are infected with HIV. The number of new infections has been declining in most geographic areas including sub-Saharan Africa due to a larger number of persons receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the uptake of new prevention methods. Prevalence in many areas has either stabilized or gradually increased due to prolonged survival. The US epidemic has remained stable, with approximately 1.2 million persons living with HIV. There are fewer AIDS deaths and approximately 40,000–50,000 new infections yearly, leading to an overall increase in HIV prevalence in the United States. Globally, most new infections are via heterosexual transmission, with more than half of new infections occurring in women. In Europe and the United States, the largest number of new infections is occurring in men who have sex with men. Due to the progressive uptake of ART, mother-to-child transmission has declined significantly throughout the world.

Comparing breast cancer characteristics across Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. S155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grover ◽  
M. Narasimhamurthy ◽  
R. Bhatia ◽  
C. Benn ◽  
K. Fearnhead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Mental health needs of transgender women, gay men, and other men who have sex with men across sub-Saharan Africa.

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Carolyn Brown ◽  
Keletso Makofane ◽  
Kevin Rebe ◽  
L. Leigh Ann van der Merwe ◽  
Bhekie Sithole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mental Health Needs ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men

Law Reform in a Developing Country: A New Code of Obligations for Senegal

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
E. Allan Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Senegal has embarked upon a project to reform its private law. This fact, of itself, might not seem worthy of the attention of the legal profession in the United States, since Senegal is a country of only about 3,250,000 inhabitants, less than the population of the state of Alabama, covering only 76,000 square miles, less than the area of the state of Kansas, and having a total of exports and imports to the dollar zone of less than twelve million dollars in 1962. With twenty per cent of its population in its six largest cities of more than 30,000 inhabitants, it is the most urban, most literate, and most Europeanized of the francophonic countries of sub-Saharan Africa, but this alone would evoke little interest abroad in its attempts at law reform.

Pre-departure and Post-arrival Management of P. falciparum Malaria in Refugees Relocating from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Stauffer ◽  
Martin S. Cetron ◽  
Robert D. Newman ◽  
Mary J. Hamel ◽  
Laurence Slutsker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Ghanaian Immigrants’ Experiences With and Perceptions of U.S. Police

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Pryce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Ghanaian Immigrants ◽  
Sub Saharan

Focus groups help researchers obtain rich, experiential data in order to increase our sociological and psychological understanding of human interactions. In this study, I used qualitative data obtained from two focus groups, comprising 13 participants from the Ghanaian community, to understand Ghanaian immigrants’ personal experiences with and perceptions of the police in the United States. The rise in immigration from sub-Saharan Africa means that these immigrants’ views of and experiences with the police will become increasingly important to successful policing in local communities across the United States. The results of this study point to the need for U.S. police to employ procedural justice and distributive justice in their dealings with Ghanaian immigrants. These immigrants also believe that both their skin color and foreign accent pose a disadvantage when dealing with police. By addressing these concerns, the U.S. police would gain the trust and cooperation of the Ghanaian immigrant community. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.

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