scholarly journals Second-Best Congestion Pricing in Urban Space: Cordon Pricing and Its Alternatives

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Akiyama ◽  
Se-Il Mun ◽  
Masashi Okushima
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Network Equilibrium ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Toll Roads

This paper examines the effects of alternative congestion pricing systems, cordon pricing and congestion pricing for existing toll roads, using the network equilibrium model developed for the Osaka Metropolitan Area, Japan. Cordon pricing is more effective in reducing the total efficiency loss from traffic congestion, but produces relatively large amounts of toll revenue. On the other hand, pricing for existing toll roads keeps the loss in consumer surplus (and toll revenue) relatively low to attain the same level of efficiency gain as the cordon pricing.

scholarly journals SIMULASI ANTRIAN PELAYANAN PADA GARDU TOL BINJAI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akim Manaor Hara Pardede
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Queuing System ◽  
Toll Roads ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Toll Station

Services performed by service providers must be maximized, so that customers get satisfaction in receiving services. The thing that affects service maximally is the limited available resources, so more research is needed about the queuing system that has gone so far. Binjai City already has a toll road and has been operating since 2018, so far the use of toll roads is still running smoothly, but it should be noted whether this toll road has been operating optimally or not optimally. Toll roads are an important part of the transportation system, toll roads not only function as a good choice to avoid traffic congestion, but also affect all traffic conditions for the metropolitan area. Congestion is currently not a priority issue on the Binjai-Medan toll road. From the results of the research conducted, information is obtained that the number of toll gates is still appropriate, namely 3 Substations, Probability of busy Substation = <1 means that for now the Toll Gate will not be long queues at the time of normal everyday conditions, and further analysis is needed in the following years, so that the possibility of a Toll Station can always be maximized.

scholarly journals Transformaciones en el espacio sociorresidencial de Monterrey, 1990-2000 / Transformations of Socio-Residential Space of Monterrey, 1990-2000

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salomón González Arellano ◽  
Paul Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Factorial Ecology ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Residential Space ◽  
Degree Of Instability

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la estructura residencial del Área Metropolitana de Monterrey (AMM) e identificar las principales transformaciones socio-espaciales que ocurrieron durante la década de los noventa. A partir de la revisión de varios trabajos interesados en el análisis del espacio social de algunas ciudades mexicanas y extranjeras, se aplican los principios de la ecología factorial con dos propósitos fundamentales: 1) identificar las principales dimensiones que estructuran el espacio sociorresidencial del AMM, y 2) caracterizar los cambios en la estructura sociorresidencial en Monterrey para el periodo comprendido entre 1990 y 2000. Los resultados de estos análisis permiten identificar por un lado cierta estabilidad en la manera en que se estructura el espacio sociorresidencial, y por otro lado, observar una creciente diferenciación producto de la polarización de la población inmigrante en el espacio urbano de Monterrey. AbstractThe aim of this article is to characterize the residential structure of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey (MAM) and to identify the principal socio-spatial transformations that occurred in the 1990s. On the basis of the review of various papers concerning the analysis of the social space of certain Mexican and foreign cities, the principles of factorial ecology are applied for two main purposes: 1) to identify the principal dimensions structuring MAM’s socio-residential space and 2) to characterize the changes in the socio-residential structure of Monterrey for the period between 1990 and 2000. The results of this analysis reveal a degree of instability in the way socio-residential space is structured on the one hand, and a growing differentiation resulting from the polarization of the immigrant population in Monterrey’s urban space on the other.

scholarly journals Zero-Tolerance in Catalonia: Policing the Other in Public Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lundsteen ◽  
Miquel Fernández González
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Sociocultural Practices

AbstractRecent studies have argued for more nuanced understandings of zero tolerance (ZT) policing, rendering it essential to analyze the significance and actual workings of the policies in practice, including the context in which they are introduced. This article aims to accomplish this through a comparison of two case studies in Catalonia: one in the neighborhood of Raval in Barcelona and one in Salt—a municipality in the comarca (or county) of Girona. We identify a transformation in the use of ZT policies in Catalonia and a contradiction between their social effects and proclaimed objectives. This article attempts to address how specific sociocultural groups gain power and privilege from these policies. The main argument is that a set of commonsensical ideas have become hegemonic, which allows and naturalizes certain sociocultural practices in urban space, while persecuting others, fundamentally pitting two categories against each other: the desired civil citizen and the undesirable and uncivil stranger.

scholarly journals The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Araldi ◽  
Giovanni Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
French Riviera

The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective. Giovanni Fusco, Alessandro Araldi ¹Université Côte-Azur, CNRS, ESPACE - Bd. Eduard Herriot 98. 06200 Nice E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: French Riviera, Urban Fabrics, Urban Form Recognition, Geoprocessing Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     Recent metropolitan growth produces new kinds of urban fabric, revealing different logics in the organization of urban space, but coexisting with more traditional urban fabrics in central cities and older suburbs. Having an overall view of the spatial patterns of urban fabrics in a vast metropolitan area is paramount for understanding the emerging spatial organization of the contemporary metropolis. The French Riviera is a polycentric metropolitan area of more than 1200 km2 structured around the old coastal cities of Nice, Cannes, Antibes and Monaco. XIX century and early XX century urban growth is now complemented by modern developments and more recent suburban areas. A large-scale analysis of urban fabrics can only be carried out through a new geoprocessing protocol, combining indicators of spatial relations within urban fabrics, geo-statistical analysis and Bayesian data-mining. Applied to the French Riviera, nine families of urban fabrics are identified and correlated to the historical periods of their production. Central cities are thus characterized by the combination of different families of pre-modern, dense, continuous built-up fabrics, as well as by modern discontinuous forms. More interestingly, fringe-belts in Nice and Cannes, as well as the techno-park of Sophia-Antipolis, combine a spinal cord of connective artificial fabrics having sparse specialized buildings, with the already mentioned discontinuous fabrics of modern urbanism. Further forms are identified in the suburban and “rurban” spaces around central cities. The proposed geoprocessing procedure is not intended to supersede traditional expert-base analysis of urban fabric. Rather, it should be considered as a complementary tool for large urban space analysis and as an input for studying urban form relation to socioeconomic phenomena. References   Conzen, M.R.G (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland : A Study in Town-Planning Analysis. (London, George Philip). Conzen, M.P. (2009) “How cities internalize their former urban fringe. A cross-cultural comparison”. Urban Morphology, 13, 29-54. Graff, P. (2014) Une ville d’exception. Nice, dans l'effervescence du 20° siècle. (Serre, Nice). Yamada I., Thill J.C. (2010) “Local indicators of network-constrained clusters in spatial patterns represented by a link attribute.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(2), 269-285. Levy, A. (1999) “Urban morphology and the problem of modern urban fabric : some questions for research”, Urban Morphology, 3(2), 79-85. Okabe, A. Sugihara, K. (2012) Spatial Analysis along Networks: Statistical and Computational Methods. (John Wiley and sons, UK).

scholarly journals The Effect of Congestion Pricing Scheme on the Generalized Cost and Speed of a Motorcycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Gito SUGIYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Congestion Pricing ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Free Flow Speed ◽  
Generalized Cost

Traffic congestion is one of the significant transport problems in many cities in developing countries. Increased economic growth and motorization have created more traffic congestion. The application of transportation demand management like congestion pricing can reduce congestion, pollution and increase road safety. The aim of this research is to estimate the congestion pricing of motorcycles and the effect of a congestion pricing scheme on the generalized cost and speed of a motorcycle. The amount of congestion pricing is the difference between actual generalized cost in traffic jams and in free-flow speed conditions. The analysis approach using 3 components of generalized costs of motorcycle: vehicle operating, travel time and externality cost (pollution cost). The approach to analyze the pollution cost is marginal-health cost and fuel consumption in traffic jams and free-flow speed conditions. The value of time based on Gross Regional Domestic Product per capita in Yogyakarta City in October 2012. The simulation to estimate the effect of congestion pricing using Equilibre Multimodal, Multimodal Equilibrium-2 (EMME-2) software. The results of this study show that while the free-flow speed of a motorcycle to the city of Yogyakarta is 42.42 km/h, with corresponding generalized cost of IDR1098 per trip, the actual speed in traffic jams is 10.77 km/h producing a generalized cost of IDR2767 per trip, giving a congestion pricing for a motorcycle of IDR1669 per trip. Based on the simulation by using EMME-2, the effect of congestion pricing will increase on vehicle speed by 0.72 to 8.11 %. The highest increase of vehicle speed occurred in Malioboro Street at 2.26 km/h, while the largest decrease occurred in Mayor Suryotomo Street at north-south direction at 1.07 km/h. Another effect of this application for motorcycles users will decrease the generalized cost by 1.09 to 6.63 %.

scholarly journals Integrating Urban Building Space and Transportation Space to Solve Traffic Congestion

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Multidimensional Space ◽  
Urban Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Space Separation ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

<p>Today, with urban function system increasingly complicated, there exist problems which are seriously hindering urban sustainable development in most cities such as traffic jams, constructive destruction, building space separation with traffic space, poor urban space resource utilization and so on. So the article makes a number of integration methods of urban building space and transportation space from the perspective of urban morphology integration. It tries to integrate urban environment with techniques of multidimensional space interludes, cascading, infiltration between building space and traffic space in three-dimensional space coordinates, to achieve the objectives   of proper division, solving traffic congestion problems and the establishment of a new dynamic three-dimensional transport system.</p>

Endogenous Timing in Vertically-Related Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ren Din ◽  
Chia-Hung Sun
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endogenous Timing ◽  
Price Strategy ◽  
Quantity Competition ◽  
Sequential Game ◽  
Product Substitutability

Abstract This paper investigates the theory of endogenous timing by taking into account a vertically-related market where an integrated firm competes with a downstream firm. Contrary to the standard results in the literature, we find that both firms play a sequential game in quantity competition and play a simultaneous game in price competition. Under mixed quantity-price competition, the firm choosing a price strategy moves first and the other firm choosing a quantity strategy moves later in equilibrium. Given that the timing of choosing actions is determined endogenously, aggregate profit (consumer surplus) is higher (lower) under price competition than under quantity competition. Lastly, social welfare is higher under quantity competition than under price competition when the degree of product substitutability is relatively low.

Mega-events and urban development: Olympics and legacies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Roche
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Place And Space ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Mega Event

This chapter explores the ‘material embedding’ of mega-event spectacles in the legacies they leave in host cities which can be of both a negative and positive kind, and consist of the creation of new place and space legacies. These themes are illustrated with reference to the modern Olympics, and particularly in the contemporary period. The chapter’s main focus is on Olympic mega-events as urban ‘place-makers’. That is they often involve new constructions, on the one hand of sports and related event facilities complexes, and on the other hand of community-related developments in housing and places of employment. Since the turn of the millennium they are now effectively required by the IOC bidding system to leave such legacies. The chapter explore such legacies in some detail in the influential case of the Sydney 2000 Olympic project which, in some respects, was understood to represent a ‘model’ for subsequent Olympic cities. The case of the Sydney Olympics is seen to show how mega-events can simultaneously be urban ‘space-makers’ as well as ‘place-makers’. Since Sydney mega-events have often been notably associated with strategically important values and policies of both ‘greening’ and humanising modern urbanisation through the provision of open and green spaces in urban centres.

The Impact of Subsidised Low-Fare Public Transport on Travel Behaviour

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hay
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, changes in travel behaviour in Sheffield-Rotherham (1972-1981) and Manchester-Salford (1976–1982) are compared with special reference to the effect of bus fare levels in real terms, which fell by about 70% in Sheffield-Rotherham but remained constant in Manchester-Salford. The analysis is directed to seven distinct household types, and overall changes in bus trip rates, estimated elasticities, effects on traffic congestion, city centre use, mobility of low mobility groups, and income redistribution are examined. The conclusion is made that although reducing real fares resulted in higher levels of bus patronage, evidence for the other beneficial effects was absent.

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