scholarly journals A Study on Small-Scale Bed Topography in Mountain Streams. Application of Step and Pool Systems Design of a New Fish-Way.

2000 ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromasa TATSUZAWA ◽  
Hideki HAYASHI ◽  
Kazuyoshi HASEGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Systems Design ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bed Topography

scholarly journals A new bedrock and surface elevation dataset for modelling the Greenland ice sheet

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan L. Bamber ◽  
Duncan J. Baldwin ◽  
S. Prasad Gogineni
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Elevation Model

AbstractA new digital elevation model of the surface of the Greenland ice sheet and surrounding rock outcrops has been produced from a comprehensive suite of satellite and airborne remote-sensing and cartographic datasets. The surface model has been regridded to a resolution of 5 km, and combined with a new ice-thickness grid derived from ice-penetrating radar data collected in the 1970s and 1990s. A further dataset, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean, was used to extend the bed elevations to include the continental shelf. The new bed topography was compared with a previous version used for ice-sheet modelling. Near the margins of the ice sheet and, in particular, in the vicinity of small-scale features associated with outlet glaciers and rapid ice motion, significant differences were noted. This was highlighted by a detailed comparison of the bed topography around the northeast Greenland ice stream.

Analysis of small-scale gravel bed topography during armoring

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marion ◽  
Simon J. Tait ◽  
Ian K. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Bed Topography

scholarly journals Conditional simulation of Thwaites Glacier (Antarctica) bed topography for flow models: Incorporating inhomogeneous statistics and channelized morphology

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (222) ◽  
pp. 635-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Goff ◽  
Evelyn M. Powell ◽  
Duncan A. Young ◽  
Donald D. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Simulation ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Error Characterization ◽  
Glacier Flow ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Scale Roughness

AbstractThwaites Glacier, Antarctica, is experiencing rapid change and its mass could, if disgorged into the ocean, lead to ∼1 m of global sea-level rise. Efforts to model flow for Thwaites Glacier are strongly dependent on an accurate model of bed topography. Airborne radar data collected in 2004/05 provide 35 000 line km of bed topography measurements sampled every 20 m along track. At ∼15 km track spacing, this extensive dataset nevertheless misses considerable important detail, particularly: (1) resolution of mesoscale channelized morphology that can guide glacier flow; and (2) resolution of small-scale roughness between the track lines that is critical for determining topographic resistance to flow. Both issues are addressed using a conditional simulation that merges a stochastic realization (an unconditional simulation) with a deterministic surface. A conditional simulation is a non-unique interpolation that reproduces observed statistical behavior without affecting data values. Channels are resolved in the deterministic surface using an interpolation algorithm designed for sinuous channels. Small-scale roughness is resolved using a statistical analysis that accounts for heterogeneity, including an abrupt transition between ‘lowland’ and ‘highland’ morphology. Multiple realizations of the unconditional simulation can be generated to sample the probability space and allow error characterization in flow modeling.

scholarly journals Thermal refraction: implications for subglacial heat flux

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simon Willcocks ◽  
Derrick Hasterok ◽  
Samuel Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Bed Topography ◽  
Subglacial Topography ◽  
State Models ◽  
Typical Range ◽  
Conductivity Contrast

Abstract In this study, we explore small-scale (~1 to 20 km) thermal-refractive effects on basal geothermal heat flux (BGHF) at subglacial boundaries resulting from lateral thermal conductivity contrasts associated with subglacial topography and geologic contacts. We construct a series of two-dimensional, conductive, steady-state models that exclude many of the complexities of ice sheets in order to demonstrate the effect of thermal refraction. We show that heat can preferentially flow into or around a subglacial valley depending on the thermal conductivity contrast with underlying bedrock, with anomalies of local BGHF at the ice–bedrock interface between 80 and 120% of regional BGHF and temperature anomalies on the order of ±15% for the typical range of bedrock conductivities. In the absence of bed topography, subglacial contacts can produce significant heat flux and temperature anomalies that are locally extensive (>10 km). Thermal refraction can result in either an increase or decrease in the likelihood of melting and ice-sheet stability depending on the conductivity contrast and bed topography. While our models exclude many of the physical complexities of ice behavior, they illustrate the need to include refractive effects created by realistic geology into future glacial models to improve the prediction of subglacial melting and ice viscosity.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of fish assemblages in mountain streams of the Ren River, southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Pengcheng Lin ◽  
Huanzhang Liu ◽  
Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Landscape Factors

The spatial-temporal patterns of fish assemblages in lotic systems can provide useful information in developing effective conservation measures. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal changes in fish assemblage and their association with environmental factors in mountain streams of Ren River, southwest China. Filed investigations were conducted at 18 sites during rainy and dry season in 2017. A total of 21 species, belonged to 3 orders, 8 families and 19 genera, were collected. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed fish assemblages structure varied significantly at the spatial scale, but not at the temporal scale. In low order sites, fish assemblages were mainly dominated by cold water and rheophilic species (e.g. Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Scaphesthes macrolepis, Metahomaloptera omeiensis and Gnathopogon herzensteini), while those in high order sites were predominated by warm water and eurytopicity or stagnophilic species (e.g. Squalidus argentatus, Hemiculter leucisculus and Zacco platypus). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed fish assemblages were structured by a combination of large-scale landscape factors (e.g. altitude and C-link) and small-scale habitat features (e.g. channel width, water temperature and depth). Among these factors, landscape factors had the greatest influence on fish assemblage, while local habitat measures played less important roles or just acted in certain season.

Data-driven planning support system for a campus design

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1474-1489
Author(s):  
Perry Pei-Ju Yang ◽  
Soowon Chang ◽  
Nirvik Saha ◽  
Helen W Chen
Keyword(s):  
Support System ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Campus Design ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Planning Support System

The paper aims to develop a campus-level planning support system that is driven by data analytics by comparing two design approaches, anticipation and optimization. A campus is defined as a small-scale complex urban system of buildings and infrastructure. Three questions are addressed: (1) What generates campus design? What principles are taken for making design decisions? (2) How do we optimize design options based on multi-criteria performance and multi-objectives? (3) How can we manage a process of complex systems design, from scenario making, performance evaluation, design optimization to design generation? What properties can be derived from the above processes to inform campus design decisions? Driven by the above questions, design approaches by anticipation and by optimization were employed in a campus site design. By reviewing those processes, a data-driven campus planning support system is proposed to manage complex decisions and communicate design decisions through a visualization platform. This research will contribute to exploring how urban design is driven by data analytics for promoting energy efficiency and system resilience.

Small Scale AS/RS System for Educational Purposes - Part 2 - The Driving and Control System and the Programming Software

2016 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Constantin Adrian Popescu ◽  
Florin Adrian Nicolescu ◽  
Georgia Cezara Avram ◽  
Adrian Theodor Mantea
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Programming Software ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

The paper presents the works performed by the authors in the field of AS/RS systems design and experimental small scale AS/RS physical model set-up for educational purposes. First part of the paper presents the virtual prototype of the 3D CAD model of the AS/RS system and the developing of the physical model set-up of an experimental small scale AS/RS for educational purposes. The specific hardware for control the AS/RS system and software for programming it are also included in a second part of the paper.

Small Scale AS/RS System for Educational Purposes - Part 1 - The Virtual Prototype and the Small Scale Physical System

2016 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Adrian Popescu ◽  
Florin Adrian Nicolescu ◽  
Georgia Cezara Avram ◽  
Andrei Mario Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Virtual Prototype ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Set Up

The paper presents the works performed by the authors in the field of AS/RS systems design and experimental small scale AS/RS physical model set-up for educational purposes. First part of the paper presents the virtual prototype of the 3D CAD model of the AS/RS system and the developing of the physical model set-up for an experimental small scale AS/RS for educational purposes. The specific hardware for control the AS/RS system and software for programming it are also included in a second part of the paper.

Prevention of Debris Flow from Inactive, Usually Dry Catchment in zero-order basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Horiguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Kokuryo ◽  
Nobutaka Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Mountain Streams ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Full Design

<p>The human settlement tend to be close to a mountainous area all over the world. The prevention concept is necessary to mitigate or prevent the origin occurrence of debris flow in zero-order basin. The zero-order basin is a mountain stream that is unclear valley topography, and don’t flow always running water. Although it is designated as a debris flow prone zone, the area of the basin is small, and the arrangement of sabo dam is difficult, and there are a lot of mountain streams which are judged that the facility function is hard to be fully demonstrated for the actual phenomenon of the sediment. The prevention and/or mitigation of measurement facilities is required. This study presents a full design of a protection barrier against debris flow, including woody debris in small, inactive, and usually dry catchments in small-scale torrents or zero order basin. The concept of performance-based design is proposed for a protection barrier as exemplifying slit barrier in small torrent. In addition, the safety performance for two types of a slit barrier is verified to protect debris flow under the situation of three difference small torrents.</p>

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