EVALUATION OF NETWORK STRUCTURE WITH A NON-UTILITY BASED TIME ALLOCATION MODEL

Quantification of the value of time (VOT) is important for measurement of the benefit of transportation projects in terms of travel time savings. In Japan, VOT is considered higher on weekends than on weekdays because on the weekend people have limited time to allocate to discretionary activities that are not normally done on weekdays, such as family care-related activities. In Indonesia, a culturally diverse country, providers and users seem to have different perceptions of VOT. A method of analyzing the value of activity time is presented. It argues that the benefit of travel time saving should be evaluated in more detail on weekends by considering the value of discretionary activities to explain these phenomena theoretically. Activity diary surveys were conducted in Tokyo, Japan, and Jakarta, Indonesia, to verify the influence of psychological needs on people's holiday activities. Finally, a time allocation model that uses the revealed preference data and a marginal activity choice model that uses stated preference data are proposed to calculate the value of activity time. The theories underpinning these models are Maslow's psychological needs, consumer theory in economics, and a discrete choice model. The empirical results show that an individual's priority of needs influences time allocation. In particular, the results show that in Tokyo, spending time with family on weekends is more valuable than other types of activities, while in Indonesia the value of spending time with family exceeds that of work time even on weekdays.

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Gender Features of Time Allocation, Gender Stereotypes and Labour Supply

Equilibrium ◽

10.12775/equil2011.022 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 85-102

Author(s):

Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Economic Development ◽

Labor Market ◽

Labor Supply ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Well Being ◽

Working Time ◽

Allocation Model ◽

Men And Women ◽

Different Types

Securing the well-being, protection of human rights and equality on the ground of age, gender, race, nationality etc along with sustainable economic development becomes the most important goal for any country. Gender differences in labor market are a problem of many countries. Being a larger demographic group, women have played a vital role in employment and economic development. Despite longstanding striving for gender equality, the inequality manifests itself in labor markets around the world. There is no common opinion on the reasons of the existence of gender differences in economic literature. After decades of research most investigators would agree that there can be no single-factor explanation for gender inequality in the labor market. One of the conventional explanations of gender gap in employment sphere includes the differences in men’s and women’s preferences in working hours due their stereotypical roles in the private and public life. This paper is focused on the study of gender feature of time allocation and its impact on the labor supply by men and women. For this purpose, based on the different types of activity, particular: income getting or income increasing promote activity, non-monetary income obtain activity, income-make activity, non-income-make activity, indirect-receipts activity, the author introduces the time allocation model which includes parameters such as working time, leisure, non-working time, using time, free time and time for satisfying an individual’s physiological needs. For the attribution of different types of practice to certain kinds of activity the “principle of dominant purpose of activity” was offered. According to given time allocation model, the pattern of features of labor supply by men and women is offered in the paper.

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Fundamental Study of Intra-household Activity Time Allocation Model for Elderly Couples with Time and Budget Constraints

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW ◽

10.2208/journalip.24.557 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 557-566

Author(s):

Daisuke FUKUDA ◽

Takashi MATSUMURA ◽

Tetsuo YAI

Keyword(s):

Time Allocation ◽

Budget Constraints ◽

Activity Time ◽

Household Activity ◽

Fundamental Study ◽

Allocation Model

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Developing an integrated scobit-based activity participation and time allocation model to explore influence of childcare on women’s time use behaviour

Transportation ◽

10.1007/s11116-011-9321-5 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 125-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Junyi Zhang ◽

Lili Xu ◽

Akimasa Fujiwara

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Activity Participation ◽

Allocation Model

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Loan Allocation and Guarantee Structure for Group Borrower Networks in Microfinance

Studies in Microeconomics ◽

10.1177/2321022216661588 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 100-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Usha Sridhar ◽

Sridhar Mandyam

Keyword(s):

Risk Aversion ◽

Network Structure ◽

Risk Sharing ◽

Social Welfare Function ◽

Social Planner ◽

Pareto Optimal ◽

Allocation Model ◽

The Social ◽

Ex Ante ◽

Cooperating Agents

In this article we consider the problem of allocating microcredit among a set of networked cooperating agents by a social planner. Network structure, risk aversion and risk sharing of the borrowers have been analyzed in the context of microfinance. We propose a partial liability model, where the borrowers need to take responsibility in case of defaults by their immediate connected neighbours, by committing guarantees as social collateral ex ante to the social planner. We have developed a utility-based allocation model that is Pareto optimal and maximizes a social welfare function. The methodology computes the guarantees and the allocations for the borrowers. We show that the allocation formula for arbitrarily connected networks captures the notion of dominance over neighbours which are one hop away. We also show how the synergy between connectivity, risk aversion and guarantees impacts allocation. We develop the properties of the rule and illustrate them with suitable examples.

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Analysis of Time Allocation, Departure Time, and Route Choice Behavior Under Congestion Pricing

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1725-13 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 1725 (1) ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Toshiyuki Yamamoto ◽

Satoshi Fujii ◽

Ryuichi Kitamura ◽

Hiroshi Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Time Allocation ◽

Choice Model ◽

Stated Preference ◽

Congestion Pricing ◽

Route Choice ◽

Multinomial Logit Model ◽

Allocation Model ◽

Departure Time ◽

Departure Time Choice ◽

Pricing Schemes

Driver behavior under congestion pricing is analyzed to evaluate the effects of alternative congestion pricing schemes. The analysis, which is based on stated preference survey results, focuses on time allocation, departure time choice, and route choice when a congestion pricing scheme is implemented on toll roads in Japan. A unique feature of the model system of this study is that departure time choice and route choice are analyzed in conjunction with the activities before and after the trip. A time allocation model is developed to describe departure time choice, and a route and departure time choice model is developed as a multinomial logit model with alternatives representing the choice between freeways and surface streets and, for departure time, the choice from among before, during, or after the period when congestion pricing is in effect. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that departing during the congestion pricing period tends to have higher utilities and that a worker and a nonworker have quite different utility functions. The comparative analysis of different congestion pricing schemes is carried out based on the estimated parameters. The results suggest that the probability of choosing each alternative is stable even if the length of the congestion pricing period changes, but a higher congestion price causes more drivers to change the departure time to before the congestion pricing period.

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