Challenges Confronting Students With Disabilities in Research Engagement in South Africa

This chapter presents physical barriers, lack of adequate funding, poor supervision, delay in feedback, communication difficulties, negative attitudes, and impairment-related disadvantages as the unique challenges confronted by students with disabilities when doing research in higher education in South Africa. Data were collected through scanning South African and international literature available on Google scholar, ProQuest, in books, journal articles, and online resources. Informed by decolonial theory, the invisible underlying causes of the challenges are discussed. Suitable assistive devices, listening to students with disabilities' voices, and more time allocation are suggested as strategies that could improve research engagement for students with disabilities.

TIME ALLOCATION AND FEELINGS OF HAPPINESS OF SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS – A GENDERED PERSPECTIVE

This article focuses on the division of the daily activities of self-employed persons on entrepreneurial activities, unpaid work, leisure time and other activities, and their interconnection to the feelings of happiness (as part of subjective well-being). Modified Time Use Survey (TUS) methodology was used to gather data on division of time and to identify SWB. The 13 groups of activities and 161 self-employed persons were included in the analysis. The results suggest that both self-employed men and women dedicate more than 8 hours per day for paid work. Daily activities during which the highest part of self-employed men and women feel the happiest belong to leisure activities. Unpaid work activities bring the highest feeling of happiness to 12.5 % of self-employed women. Feelings of happiness of self-employed women are more fluctuating during the paid work than feelings of happiness of self-employed men. In the evening, the feelings of happiness of the self-employed women decrease significantly, which could be caused by double burden of self-employed women.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI WAKTU KERJA PEREMPUAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA PADA INDUSTRI KERAJINAN KAYU DESA MAS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of work experience, number of family dependents and husband's employment status on the allocation of women's working time in the wood craft industry in Mas Village; the effect of work experience, number of family dependents, husband's employment status and allocation of women's working time on family welfare in the wood craft industry in Mas Village; and the role of women's work time allocation in mediating the effect of work experience and number of family dependents and husband's employment status on family welfare in the wood craft industry in Mas Village. Data were obtained using observation and interview methods, with a total sample of 97 people which were then analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that work experience had a non-positive or non significant effect on the allocation of women's working time, while the number of family dependents had a positive and significant effect on the allocation of women's working time, and husbands who had employment status had a lower allocation of women's working time than husbands who did not work; Work experience, number of dependents in the family has no effect on family welfare, while husbands who have employment status work have higher family welfare than husbands who do not work, and the allocation of women's working time has a positive and significant effect on family welfare; Work experience, number of family dependents and husband's employment status indirectly affect family welfare through the allocation of women's working time, in other words, women's work time allocation is an intervening variable that mediates work experience, number of family dependents and husband's employment status on women's working time allocation. . Meanwhile, the husband's employment status has no direct effect on family welfare.

Alokasi Waktu dan Pendapatan Petani dalam Kegiatan Kelompok Wanita Tani Selakaso di Kelurahan Cibeureum, Kecamatan Lembursitu, Kabupaten Sukabumi

The Selakaso Women Farmers Group is a forum that provides opportunities for women to participate in advancing the agricultural sector. The Women Farmers Group has three roles, namely as a vehicle for learning, a vehicle for cooperation and production which is implemented by KWT Selakaso in counseling activities, gymnastics and production units. This study aims to determine the impact of farmers' time allocation in the activities of the Selakaso Women's Farmer Group on farmers' income. This study uses an explanatory method and a quantitative approach. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out in this study, it was found that the income of farmers from KWT Selakaso was significantly influenced by the time allocation of farmers in extension activities and the allocation of farmers' time in production activities. But it is not significantly affected by the time allocation in gymnastics or collaboration activities. So it is necessary to increase the time allocation by establishing partnerships between farmer groups and outside parties.

The Cost of Gathering Among the Baka Forager-Horticulturalists From Southeastern Cameroon

What present-day foragers do for their living and what they eat have long been privileged areas for exploring human behavior, global health, and human evolution. While many studies have focused on hunting and meat acquisition, less attention has been given to gathering and plant foods. Despite evidence of variation in both nutritional quality and energetic costs of gathering different plants, the overall effort spent on gathering in relation to other subsistence tasks is still under explored. In the current context of economic, climate, and social changes, many forager societies also rely on other subsistence strategies, including agriculture and wage labor. In this study, we aim to explore the place of gathering in the livelihood of a mixed economy society, the Baka forager-horticulturalists of southeastern Cameroon, by comparing the involvement and the costs of activities related to food acquisition. From a pool of 153 adult participants (97 women and 56 men), we collected 246 daily records using a GPS (Global Positioning System) tracker combined with heart rate monitor and time allocation recalls. We compared the duration, distance traveled, and the intensity of work, measured by calculating the metabolic equivalent of task (MET), of subsistence activities related to food acquisition. Results from this work show that gathering activities, performed by both women and men, are energetically costly, with higher MET values than hunting and fishing activities. Furthermore, the MET values vary depending on the targeted plant foods. We discuss these insights in the overall framework of subsistence patterns, merging them with the socio-cultural and environmental factors that might explain Baka livelihood and subsistence strategy.

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS TEKS PADA SISWA KELAS XI SEKOLAH INTERNASIONAL BUKIT SION

This study aims to describe the application of text-based learning to class XI students at Bukit Zion International School. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The informants in the study were Indonesian language teachers who taught in class XI and students. Data collection is done by analyzing the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), observing its implementation and interview. The approach is carried out in the context of online learning. The results showed a discrepancy between the time allocation contained in the lesson plans and the actual learning that had been carried out in class. After being confirmed, the teacher stated that the core activities lacked time so that the reviews given by the teacher after the students' presentations were not in-depth. This is because learning is done online. Abstract Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan pembelajaran berbasis teks pada siswa kelas XI Sekolah Internasional Bukit Sion. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian yaitu guru Bahasa Indonesia yang mengajar di kelas XI dan siswa. Penggumpulan data dilakukan dengan menganalisis Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), mengamati implementasinya dan wawancara. Penerapan pendekatan dilaknsaka dalam konteks pembelajaran daring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian antara alokasi waktu yang terdapat pada RPP dengan pembelajaran sebenarnya yang telah dilakukan di kelas. Setelah dikonformasi guru menyatakan bahwa pada kegiatan inti kekurangan waktu sehingga ulasan yang diberikan oleh guru setelah siswa presentasi kurang mendalam. Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring.

Identifikasi Kesulitan Guru PAI Kota Medan dalam Implementasi Kurikulum 2013

The implementation of the 2013 Curriculum until now is increasingly reaping problems. Although this curriculum has been running for seven years, it seems that this curriculum still has obstacles in some schools, especially in the field of Islamic religious education studies. This research aims to find out and examine the difficulties experienced by PAI teachers in implementing the 2013 Curriculum in the city of Medan. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach that is studied through literature studies. Data collection was obtained through interview techniques with PAI teachers in Medan. The results of this study show that there are several difficulties experienced by PAI teachers in the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum, including lack of understanding of the teacher itself with the content of the 2013 curriculum as a whole, inadequate facilities as a means of support in supporting learning. Some learning materials require a time allocation that is more than the specified time. The solution offered in this case first; increased knowledge and application of the 2013 curriculum for teachers. It can be done by following open discussions, training and other intellectual activities. In addition, teachers are required to be creative in designing learning through innovative media and good learning strategies and methods.

Emotions as Abstract Evaluation Criteria in Biological and Artificial Intelligences

Biological as well as advanced artificial intelligences (AIs) need to decide which goals to pursue. We review nature's solution to the time allocation problem, which is based on a continuously readjusted categorical weighting mechanism we experience introspectively as emotions. One observes phylogenetically that the available number of emotional states increases hand in hand with the cognitive capabilities of animals and that raising levels of intelligence entail ever larger sets of behavioral options. Our ability to experience a multitude of potentially conflicting feelings is in this view not a leftover of a more primitive heritage, but a generic mechanism for attributing values to behavioral options that can not be specified at birth. In this view, emotions are essential for understanding the mind. For concreteness, we propose and discuss a framework which mimics emotions on a functional level. Based on time allocation via emotional stationarity (TAES), emotions are implemented as abstract criteria, such as satisfaction, challenge and boredom, which serve to evaluate activities that have been carried out. The resulting timeline of experienced emotions is compared with the “character” of the agent, which is defined in terms of a preferred distribution of emotional states. The long-term goal of the agent, to align experience with character, is achieved by optimizing the frequency for selecting individual tasks. Upon optimization, the statistics of emotion experience becomes stationary.

Managing Perceptions of Teachers to Changes in Grade 9 Economic and Management Sciences Curriculum, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa

This study focused on understanding the perceptions of teachers to changes in Grade 9 Economic and Management Sciences curriculum, of the Malelane circuit in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The proposed research was carried out through a qualitative research method. A case study has been used. The case study method allowed the researchers to use multiple data collection methods to enhance the quality of the findings. In the case of this research, the researchers used interviews, lesson observations, and document review. Out of a population of 12 secondary schools at the Malelane circuit, 3 schools were conveniently sampled, out of the 3 schools, 3 participants were pulled, which was the principal, the Heads of Departments, and the Economic and Management Sciences teachers. Teachers were chosen on the basis that they were teaching Economic and Management Sciences for Grade 9. A non-probability sampling and purposeful convenient sampling was used. Lack of resources such as calculators, textbooks, workbooks, desks, lack of support from the government, chairs, overcrowded classes, changes in the curriculum and time allocation for Economic and Management Sciences subject are sources of teachers’ negative perceptions towards Economic and Management Sciences Curriculum for Grade 9. The teachers’ perceptions of Economic and Management Sciences made it clear that too much content was taught in 1 subject thus causing poor performance in Economic and Management Sciences for Grade 9. Fear of change leads teachers to have a negative perception and inappropriate behaviour.