Developing an integrated scobit-based activity participation and time allocation model to explore influence of childcare on women’s time use behaviour

In recent years, time engagement behaviors of two generations, namely Baby Boomers and Millennials have sparked much interest because these generations constitute the bulk of the American population today and they also exhibit “atypical” activity–travel patterns compared with other generations. The objective of the current research is to conduct a systematic study of the time engagement behaviors of five American generations: the GI Generation (birth year: 1901–1924), the Silent Generation (birth year: 1925–1943), Baby Boomers (birth year: 1944–1964), Generation X (birth year: 1965–1981), and Millennials (birth year: 1982–2000). Particularly, the study aims at isolating heterogeneity in behaviors associated with structural changes in the society from those associated with inherent generational characteristics. Using data from four waves (1965, 1985, 2005, and 2012) of the American Heritage and Time Use Study, the analysis explores the time engagement behaviors while accounting for the age, period, and cohort effects in addition to different socioeconomic and demographic variables. The analysis reveals that Millennials have generally delayed participation in life-changing events such as marriage and workforce entry, and have exhibited prolonged student status compared with previous generations. Millennials show lower participation in work and higher participation in discretionary activities compared with individuals of the same age group from previous generations. On the other hand, Baby Boomers clearly exhibited increased travel engagement compared with the previous generations at different stages of their lives.

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How Do Women and Men Use Extra Time? Housework and Childcare after the French 35-Hour Workweek Regulation

European Sociological Review ◽

10.1093/esr/jcz039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 807-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ariane Pailhé ◽

Anne Solaz ◽

Arthur Souletie

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Task Specialization ◽

Exogenous Shock ◽

Men And Women ◽

Extra Time ◽

Time Use Survey ◽

Time Availability ◽

Day Of The Week ◽

Partial Implementation

Abstract This paper analyses how and when men and women devote their extra time to childcare and housework by exploiting an exogenous shock in scheduling: the partial implementation of the 35-hour workweek reform in France. Using propensity score matching and the most recent time use survey (INSEE, 2010), we show that time reallocations differ by gender and day of the week. While men dedicate their extra time to performing more housework on weekdays in the form of mainly time-flexible tasks such as repairs or shopping, they do less on weekends. This shift from weekends to weekdays is not observed for women who perform day-to-day tasks that are less transferable. Women spend more time on childcare and reduce multitasking. Overall, task specialization by gender is more pronounced, and this gendered use of similar extra time illustrates that time allocation is not only a question of time availability. In particular, men and women ‘do gender’ at weekends, when performing tasks is more visible to others.

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Impact of Wife's Employment upon Husband's Housework

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/019251382003002005 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 199-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

SHARON Y. NICKOLS ◽

EDWARD J. METZEN

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Panel Study ◽

Economic Consideration ◽

Intact Families ◽

Housework Time ◽

Allocation Of Time ◽

Force Time ◽

Traditional Pattern ◽

The Relationship

The allocation of time is recognized as a major economic consideration for families. Analysis of longitudinal data on time use offers a fruitful method for examining change and/or stability in roles of husbands and wives. In this panel study of 1156 intact families, time allocation to housework and employment by husbands and wives follows a traditional pattern, with wives spending most time in housework and husbands spending most time in employment. Cross-lag analysis is used to examine the relationship between wife's labor force time allocation and husband's housework time. Basic patterns of time allocation predominate over the 6 years, with wife's employment time having very little impact on husband's housework time. Implications for families and for social policy are discussed.

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Time use differences in activity participation among children 4–5 years old with and without the risk of developing conduct problems

Research in Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 490-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mong-Lin Yu ◽

Jenny Ziviani ◽

Janeen Baxter ◽

Michele Haynes

Keyword(s):

Conduct Problems ◽

Time Use ◽

Activity Participation

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Analysis of Travel Time Saving Benefit by Understanding Individual Needs and Value of Activity Time: Case Study of Tokyo and Jakarta

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1854-02 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1854 (1) ◽

pp. 12-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Irwan Prasetyo ◽

Daisuke Fukuda ◽

Hirosato Yoshino ◽

Tetsuo Yai

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Choice Model ◽

Stated Preference ◽

Revealed Preference ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Activity Time ◽

Time Saving ◽

Allocation Model ◽

Preference Data

Quantification of the value of time (VOT) is important for measurement of the benefit of transportation projects in terms of travel time savings. In Japan, VOT is considered higher on weekends than on weekdays because on the weekend people have limited time to allocate to discretionary activities that are not normally done on weekdays, such as family care-related activities. In Indonesia, a culturally diverse country, providers and users seem to have different perceptions of VOT. A method of analyzing the value of activity time is presented. It argues that the benefit of travel time saving should be evaluated in more detail on weekends by considering the value of discretionary activities to explain these phenomena theoretically. Activity diary surveys were conducted in Tokyo, Japan, and Jakarta, Indonesia, to verify the influence of psychological needs on people's holiday activities. Finally, a time allocation model that uses the revealed preference data and a marginal activity choice model that uses stated preference data are proposed to calculate the value of activity time. The theories underpinning these models are Maslow's psychological needs, consumer theory in economics, and a discrete choice model. The empirical results show that an individual's priority of needs influences time allocation. In particular, the results show that in Tokyo, spending time with family on weekends is more valuable than other types of activities, while in Indonesia the value of spending time with family exceeds that of work time even on weekdays.

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Basic Income and Time Use Democratization

Basic Income Studies ◽

10.1515/bis-2016-0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Corina Rodríguez Enríquez

Keyword(s):

Time Use ◽

Time Allocation ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Unpaid Work ◽

Income Generation ◽

Paid Work ◽

Basic Income ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Main Obstacle ◽

Paid And Unpaid Work

AbstractTime has become a valuable asset within capitalism. “Time is money” is a well known and usually shared principle. As in regard to many other type of assets, the distribution of time is pretty unfair, as well as it is the value consideration of the time allocated for different people to different activities. The distribution of time, as well as what people can or cannot do with their time, is a key issue among feminist debates. The main argument is that time allocation to paid and unpaid work is very different and unfair between genders. Women allocate much more time to unpaid work, and men, on the contrary allocate much more time to paid work. This has a reasonable and direct consequence in terms of income generation. This unequal distribution of time (and work) represents the main obstacle to women’s economic autonomy and to overcome gender income gaps.

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