Comparative Analysis of Facade Work Using Kumkang Precast, Concrete Precast, and Curtain Wall Methods in terms of Cost and Time

The development of the construction world in terms of innovation has become one of the methods of supporting success to gain advantages in terms of cost and time, one of which is the outer wall which can generally categorize into cast-in-situ and precast methods. (1) Comparison of the cost of implementing precast kumkang materials, precast concrete facades, and curtain wall facades. The precast kumkang method is 24% cheaper than the precast concrete method, the precast kumkang method is 87% cheaper than the curtain wall method, and the precast concrete method is 52% cheaper than the curtain wall method. Sorted from the cheapest to the most expensive are precast kumkang facades, precast concrete facades, and curtain wall facades. (2) Comparison of the working time of precast kumkang materials, precast concrete facades, and curtain wall facades with the results, namely curtain wall facades for 31 weeks, kumkang material precast facades for 53 weeks, and precast concrete facades for 55 weeks. Sorted from the fastest to longest, namely curtain wall facades, precast kumkang material facades, and then precast concrete facades.

Solution of Multi-Crew Depots Railway Crew Scheduling Problems: The Chinese High-Speed Railway Case

This paper presents a novel mathematical formulation in crew scheduling, considering real challenges most railway companies face such as roundtrip policy for crew members joining from different crew depots and stricter working time standards under a sustainable development strategy. In China, the crew scheduling is manually compiled by railway companies respectively, and the plan quality varies from person to person. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed to solve this large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. It repairs the infeasible gene fragments to optimize the search scope of the solution space and enhance the efficiency of GA. To investigate the algorithm’s efficiency, a real case study was employed. Results show that the proposed model and algorithm lead to considerable improvement compared to the original planning: (i) Compared with the classical metaheuristic algorithms (GA, PSO, TS), the improved genetic algorithm can reduce the objective value by 4.47%; and (ii) the optimized crew scheduling plan reduces three crew units and increases the average utilization of crew unit working time by 6.20% compared with the original plan.

Analisis Waktu Baku dan Kapasistas Produksi dalam Proses Pembuatan Mesin Perontok Jagung di CV. Citra Dragon

This study aims to calculate the standard time to produce the right time in producing corn thresher machine, so that the production capacity in one month is obtained at CV. Citra Dragon. Observations was made in the manufacture of corn threshing machine. Working time data was collected using stopwactch time study and adjustment method used was Westinghouse. The research method use was to analyze the work done by operators in the manufacture of corn thresher machine, and calculate the operator’s working time per work element. The result showed that the standard time needed in the process of making 1 unit of corn thresher machine is 78.603 second (21 hours) and the production capacity per month is 7 units of corn thresher machine.

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI WAKTU KERJA PEREMPUAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA PADA INDUSTRI KERAJINAN KAYU DESA MAS

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of work experience, number of family dependents and husband's employment status on the allocation of women's working time in the wood craft industry in Mas Village; the effect of work experience, number of family dependents, husband's employment status and allocation of women's working time on family welfare in the wood craft industry in Mas Village; and the role of women's work time allocation in mediating the effect of work experience and number of family dependents and husband's employment status on family welfare in the wood craft industry in Mas Village. Data were obtained using observation and interview methods, with a total sample of 97 people which were then analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that work experience had a non-positive or non significant effect on the allocation of women's working time, while the number of family dependents had a positive and significant effect on the allocation of women's working time, and husbands who had employment status had a lower allocation of women's working time than husbands who did not work; Work experience, number of dependents in the family has no effect on family welfare, while husbands who have employment status work have higher family welfare than husbands who do not work, and the allocation of women's working time has a positive and significant effect on family welfare; Work experience, number of family dependents and husband's employment status indirectly affect family welfare through the allocation of women's working time, in other words, women's work time allocation is an intervening variable that mediates work experience, number of family dependents and husband's employment status on women's working time allocation. . Meanwhile, the husband's employment status has no direct effect on family welfare.

FLEXIBLE FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT. A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE ISSUES FROM PERSPECTIVE OF LABOUR LAW

The notion and the classification of the flexible forms of employment including working time solutions and work carried out under civil law contracts have been presented in the study. The premises of the growing flexibility of employment in technological, economic and social aspects have been discussed as well. According to the opinion of the author flexibility of employment is an ambiguous fenomenon having at the same time chances and threats both. Although the role of the state and legal system is to protect workers from negative results of some solutions.

PRAXEOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF WORKING TIME

Praxeological dimension of working time is undoubtedly influenced by current sociopolitical system invoking the axiology being commonly recognized values. This means that in enacting public and legal regulations the state may not isolate the employees facing exceptional hardship or even unforeseeable situations assuming the form of peculiar force majeure. Thus, both employees’ wellbeing and the welfare in general are vital. For that reason the labour law should praxeologically be a way to control real situations and the needs of working people and the society. The labour law should also praxeologically create a system of institutions reconciling social emotions in order to protect social peace which constitutes common welfare.

ABOUT SOME PRACTIC PROBLEMS IN LABOUR LAW

The rule arising from the Article 154 of the Labour Code applies to a part-time worker. His working time schedule does not justify the annual leave extension. The period of notice begins to run on the day after submitting a notice of termination. In this situation the rule provided in Article 111 of the Civil Code in connection with Article 300 of the Civil Code applies.