CHARACTERISTICS OF STORM SURGE DISASTER ON THE U.S. EAST COAST BY HURRICANE SANDY

In late 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast of the U.S., causing much suffering and devastation. Those who could have easily helped Sandy's victims had a duty to do so. But was this a rightfully enforceable duty of justice, or a nonenforceable duty of beneficence? The answer to this question is often thought to depend on the kind of help offered: the provision of immediate bodily services is not enforceable; the transfer of material resources is. I argue that this double standard is unjustified, and defend a version of what I call “social samaritanism.” On this view, within political communities, the duty to help the needy—whether via bodily services or resource transfers—is always an enforceable demand of justice, except when the needy are reckless; across independent political communities, it is always a matter of beneficence. I defend this alternative double standard, and consider its implications for the case of Sandy.

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Complex Numerical Simulation of the U.S. East Coast and Inland Areas using a Coupled Hydrologic, Hydrodynamic and Ocean model: Application to Hurricane Sandy

10.1002/essoar.10505156.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Mashriqui ◽

Sadiq Sadiq Khan ◽

Beheen Trimble ◽

Jon S. Allen ◽

Ryan Grout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

East Coast ◽

Ocean Model ◽

Hurricane Sandy ◽

Model Application ◽

The U.S

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Evaluation of Medium-Range Forecasts for Hurricane Sandy

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/mwr-d-13-00228.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (5) ◽

pp. 1962-1981 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Linus Magnusson ◽

Jean-Raymond Bidlot ◽

Simon T. K. Lang ◽

Alan Thorpe ◽

Nils Wedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

East Coast ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Horizontal Resolution ◽

Hurricane Sandy ◽

Ensemble Forecasts ◽

Wind Speeds ◽

Sst Anomaly ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

Abstract On 30 October 2012 Hurricane Sandy made landfall on the U.S. East Coast with a devastating impact. Here the performance of the ECMWF forecasts (both high resolution and ensemble) are evaluated together with ensemble forecasts from other numerical weather prediction centers, available from The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) archive. The sensitivity to sea surface temperature (SST) and model resolution for the ECMWF forecasts are explored. The results show that the ECMWF forecasts provided a clear indication of the landfall from 7 days in advance. Comparing ensemble forecasts from different centers, the authors find the ensemble forecasts from ECMWF to be the most consistent in the forecast of the landfall of Sandy on the New Jersey coastline. The impact of the warm SST anomaly off the U.S. East Coast is investigated by running sensitivity experiments with climatological SST instead of persisting the SST anomaly from the analysis. The results show that the SST anomaly had a small effect on Sandy’s track in the forecast, but the forecasts initialized with the warm SST anomaly feature a more intense system in terms of the depth of the cyclone, wind speeds, and precipitation. Furthermore, the role of spatial resolution is investigated by comparing four global simulations, spanning from TL159 (150 km) to TL3999 (5 km) horizontal resolution. Forecasts from 3 and 5 days before the landfall are evaluated. While all resolutions predict Sandy’s landfall, at very high resolution the tropical cyclone intensity and the oceanic wave forecasts are greatly improved.

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