CONSTRUCTION OF A THEORETICAL MODEL TO REALIZE ARBITRARY WATER LEVEL RISE IN A SELF-PROPELLED WAVEGUIDE CHANNEL

The development of the European North of Russia, where flat and high-hummocky bog complexes are spread, requires information on the processes of formation of their hydrological regime and freezing of this territory. For the first time, based on observational data, for the period from 1993 to 2013, characteristics of the hydrological regime and freezing of hummocky bogs in Northern European Russia are presented, the case study of the Lovozerskoye bog. The observations were carried out in accordance with the unified methods, approved for the specialized network of Roshydromet bog stations. The regularities of the formation of the hydrological regime of hummocky bogs have been revealed: bog water level drops dramatically from the beginning of freezing to the end of March, rises during snow melt period, slightly drops in summer and rises in autumn. The main feature of hummocky bogs is permafrost, which determines their specific structure. It has been discovered that gravitation snowmelt and liquid precipitation waters relatively quickly run down the hummocks over the frozen layer into hollows between them. Levels of bog waters on the hummocks are absent for a longer period of time. In spring, the amplitude of water level rise in swamplands is on average 60–80 cm. Air temperature and insulation properties of snow are the main factors that influence the bog freezing. Hummocks freeze out as deep as 63–65 cm, which corresponds to the depth of their seasonal thawing in the warm period of the year, and adjoin the permafrost. The greatest depth of freezing of the swamplands is 82 – 87 cm, with an average of 68 cm. The frozen layer at swamplands thaws out from both its upper and bottom sides. The melting of the frozen layer at hummocks occurs only from the bog surface with an average intensity of 0,51 cm/day.

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Rapid water level rise drives unprecedented coastal habitat loss along the Great Lakes of North America

Journal of Great Lakes Research ◽

10.1016/j.jglr.2021.05.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ethan J. Theuerkauf ◽

Katherine N. Braun

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Water Level ◽

Habitat Loss ◽

Coastal Habitat ◽

Water Level Rise ◽

Coastal Habitat Loss

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Experimental Study on Estimation of Water Level Rise behind a Low-crested Structure Using Water Level-discharge Relationship

Journal of Coastal Research ◽

10.2112/jcr-si114-003.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (sp1) ◽

Author(s):

Dal Soo Lee ◽

Won Chul Cho ◽

Ki Jae Lee

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Water Level ◽

Water Level Rise

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From pristine to present state: hydrology evolution of Lake Saint-François, St. Lawrence River

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l98-019 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 864-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jean Morin ◽

Michel Leclerc

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Water Levels ◽

Ship Traffic ◽

Water Level Rise ◽

Hydropower Production ◽

Discharge Regulation ◽

The Impact ◽

St Lawrence River

Lake Saint-François is a relatively shallow fluvial lake of the St. Lawrence River with numerous deep channels. This complex system has been considerably altered from its pristine state 150 years ago. Currently, the water level is stabilized and the flow is regulated; important areas have been dredged and the major part of its outflow is diverted through the Beauharnois canal. The evolution of water levels shows a trend towards stabilization as required for ship traffic in the St. Lawrence Seaway and for hydropower production. With the construction of the Moses-Saunders dam in 1960, the flow of the river could be regulated; changes occur in the seasonal pattern of the flow. Ancient stage-discharge relationships were recreated to describe the impact of the 1849 damming and of the present level stabilization. Stabilization of the water level has favored the growth of submerged plants. Manning's friction coefficient was used to show that plant biomass has doubled since 1920; the onset of biomass increases corresponds to a water level stabilization event. The distribution of wetlands in the Lake Saint-François area was drastically modified by the water level rise caused by the 1849 damming. New wetlands were created and pre-1849 wetlands, located on what are currently shoals in the central part of the lake, have totally disappeared.Key words: Lake Saint-François, St. Lawrence River, impact of civil works, flow discharge regulation, water level regulation, wetland flooding cycle, submerged macrophyte, ecosystem reaction, civil work history.

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An Investigation Concerning the Impact of Climate Changes on the Water Equilibrium in the Egyptian Nile Delta

Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste Geographical Series ◽

10.1515/avutgs-2017-0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 58-69

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Ashour ◽

Tawab E. Aly ◽

Yousra A. Eldegwee

Keyword(s):

Ground Water ◽

Water Level ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Sea Water ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Salt Water ◽

Water Level Rise ◽

Productive Land ◽

Water Equilibrium ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn such problematic water situation in Egypt, control and saving of the available limited quantity takes great importance from both technical and national points of view. In addition to all the well-known traditional reasons of the problem such as pollution, over usage, and bad traditions of dealing with water, a new very important reason is added nowadays, called “Climate Changes” which has a direct impact on sea water rising, that causes a serious attack of the salt water to the fresh water especially in River Deltas., Not only the surface water, but also the ground water. Since that process proved some acceleration, several investigations have recently considered the worst impacts of climate change and sea water level rise on sea water intrusion. Most of them have revealed the severity of such problem, and the significance of the land movement of the dispersion zone under the sea water level rise situation. In this paper, we try to introduce a technical review and study for the most popular studies concerning our topic, and its most important conclusions, as an approach for preparing the Ph.D. thesis about the Nile Delta water equilibrium in the light of the expected Mediterranean Sea water level rise. Nile Delta, which located between Damietta Branch on the East, and Rosetta Branch on the west, occupies about 20000 square kilometers of the most rich, productive land in Egypt. About 50% of Egyptian population live in that area, agriculture is the main human activities on them, so water is the prime factor in their life, and their agriculture investments. The great amount of this investment depends on the ground water, which faces a serious challenge due to, two reasons, first, is the overuse, and over pumping, while the second is the attack of the salt water due to the Mediterranean Seawater level rise, because of the climate changes. These two reasons must be overcome, if the first reason can be controlled by law, and technical roles, the second reason needs intensive studies and investigations concerning the interaction between seawater and fresh ground water.

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