scholarly journals Medical malpractice liability insurance: Comparision of Vietnam to some European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Bao Anh
Keyword(s):  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Insurable Interest ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Malpractice Liability ◽  
The Cost

Medical malpractice liability insurance (MMLI) is one type of professional liability insurance that protects healthcare professionals from liability associated with wrongful practices. This type of MMLI can cover a result of bodily injury, medical expenses, and property damage, as well as the cost of defending lawsuits related to such claims. The frameworks of MMLI of the countries such as explanations, insurable interest, insured risk, insured premium, indemnification, and the third party will be analysed and compared.  Comparing the systems of MMLI in Vietnam with other countries-Belgium, France, and England- is to be aware of the different and similar regulations. The results from this study may help Vietnam to study more through the models of MMLI of Belgium, France, and England.

scholarly journals The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015594 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mahon ◽  
Carlos Lifschitz ◽  
Thomas Ludwig ◽  
Nikhil Thapar ◽  
Julie Glanville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Party Payer ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and related signs and symptoms in infants to the third party payer and to parents.Study designTo estimate the cost of illness (COI) of infant FGIDs, a two-stage process was applied: a systematic literature review and a COI calculation. As no pertinent papers were found in the systematic literature review, a ‘de novo’ analysis was performed. For the latter, the potential costs for the third party payer (the National Health Service (NHS) in England) and for parents/carers for the treatment of FGIDs in infants were calculated, by using publicly available data. In constructing the calculation, estimates and assumptions (where necessary) were chosen to provide a lower bound (minimum) of the potential overall cost. In doing so, the interpretation of the calculation is that the true COI can be no lower than that estimated.ResultsOur calculation estimated that the total costs of treating FGIDs in infants in England were at least £72.3 million per year in 2014/2015 of which £49.1 million was NHS expenditure on prescriptions, community care and hospital treatment. Parents incurred £23.2 million in costs through purchase of over the counter remedies.ConclusionsThe total cost presented here is likely to be a significant underestimate as only lower bound estimates were used where applicable, and for example, costs of alternative therapies, inpatient treatments or diagnostic tests, and time off work by parents could not be adequately estimated and were omitted from the calculation. The number and kind of prescribed products and products sold over the counter to treat FGIDs suggest that there are gaps between treatment guidelines, which emphasise parental reassurance and nutritional advice, and their implementation.

scholarly journals Behnke_Armbruster_Strobel - The needs of the many - Influence of personality on third-party judgments of utilitarian rule violations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Behnke ◽  
Diana Armbruster ◽  
Anja Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sense Of Justice

Safeguarding the rights of minorities is crucial for just societies. However, there are conceivable situations were minority rights might seriously impede the rights of the majority. Favoring the minority in such cases constitutes a violation of utilitarian principles. To investigate the emotional, cognitive, and punitive responses of observers of such utilitarian rule transgressions, we conducted an online study with 1004 participants. Two moral scenarios (vaccine policy and epidemic) were rephrased in the third-party perspective. In both scenarios the protagonist opted against the utilitarian option which resulted in more fatalities in total, but avoided harm to a minority. The scenarios varied in whether the minority would have been harmed accidentally or deliberate. The majority of participants chose not to punish the scenarios’ protagonists at all. However, 30.5% judged that protecting the minority over the interests of the majority when only accidental harm would have occurred (vaccine policy) was worthy of punishment. In comparison, only 11.5% opted to punish a protagonist whose decision avoided deliberate harm to a minority at the cost of the majority (epidemic). Emotional responses and appropriateness ratings paralleled these results. Furthermore, complex personality × situation interactions revealed the influence of personality features, i.e., psychopathy, empathy, altruism, authoritarianism, need for cognition and faith in intuition, on participants’ responses. The results further underscore the need to consider the interaction of situational features and inter-individual differences in moral decisions and sense of justice.

10. Alternative Dispute Resolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Stuart Sime
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Cost

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), particularly mediation, plays a key role in reducing the costs of civil disputes by fomenting the early settlement of cases. This chapter discusses ADR processes; advantages or disadvantages of ADR and litigation; the cost of ADR; reference to ADR; and court involvement in ADR. Adjudicative ADR results in the third party neutral deciding the dispute or difference between the parties. Non-adjudicative ADR processes involve moving the parties towards reaching a compromise agreement between themselves. Rules of court require parties to consider using ADR. Sanctions may be imposed on parties who act unreasonably.

10. Alternative Dispute Resolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Sime
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Cost

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), particularly mediation, plays a key role in reducing the costs of civil disputes by fomenting the early settlement of cases. This chapter discusses ADR processes; advantages or disadvantages of ADR and litigation; the cost of ADR; reference to ADR; and court involvement in ADR. Adjudicative ADR results in the third party neutral deciding the dispute or difference between the parties. Non-adjudicative ADR processes involve moving the parties towards reaching a compromise agreement between themselves. Rules of court require parties to consider using ADR. Sanctions may be imposed on parties who act unreasonably.

scholarly journals An Efficient Methodologies for Data Integrity in Cloud Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2029-2033
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Storage ◽  
Space Complexity ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Integrity Checking ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Time And Space Complexity

Majority of the organization uses cloud for storage purpose in order to reduce the cost as well as maintenance. Due to increasing threat from internal and external sources, there would be possibility of corruption in the cloud storage files. Thus the storage must to be monitored periodically for integrity checking. Since most of the Data Owners have limited resources thus the responsibility of integrity checking goes to the Third Party Auditors (TPA). In this paper, we have proposed 2 methodologies of Integrity Checking in Cloud Storage (1) Enhanced Dynamic Hash Tree – n Versions (EDHT-n), which has best performance in term of time and space complexity compared to the existing methods.(2) Hybrid Enhanced Dynamic Hash Tree (HEDHT), which is best suited for very huge number of files in a directory

10. Alternative dispute resolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Sime
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Cost

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), particularly mediation, plays a key role in reducing the costs of civil disputes by fomenting the early settlement of cases. This chapter discusses ADR processes; advantages or disadvantages of ADR and litigation; the cost of ADR; reference to ADR; and court involvement in ADR. Adjudicative ADR results in the third party neutral deciding the dispute or difference between the parties. Non-adjudicative ADR processes involve moving the parties towards reaching a compromise agreement between themselves. Rules of court require parties to consider using ADR. Sanctions may be imposed on parties who act unreasonably.

10. Alternative Dispute Resolution

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Stuart Sime
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Settlement ◽  
Court Involvement ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Cost

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), particularly mediation, plays a key role in reducing the costs of civil disputes by fomenting the early settlement of cases. This chapter discusses ADR processes; advantages or disadvantages of ADR and litigation; the cost of ADR; reference to ADR; and court involvement in ADR. Adjudicative ADR results in the third party neutral deciding the dispute or difference between the parties. Non-adjudicative ADR processes involve moving the parties towards reaching a compromise agreement between themselves. Rules of court require parties to consider using ADR. Sanctions may be imposed on parties who act unreasonably.

Motor Third-Party Liability of Personal Transportation Devices and Its Insurance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (101) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Marcin Orlicki
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Personal Transportation

The aim of the article is to describe the principles of liability of autonomous and dependent possessors as well as of users of personal transportation devices for damage caused by their movement. The liability of holders of such devices is independent of their fault and is based on the principle of risk. However, in the event of a collision between two such transporters or a personal transportation device with a car or a motorcycle, the liability shall be based on the principle of guilt. The liability of the user of a personal transportation device is also fault-based. Owners of personal transportation devices are not subject to the motor third-party liability insurance. As long as these devices are not legally required to be registered, there is no effective mechanism to control the fulfilment of the third-party liability insurance obligation. It is therefore not possible to introduce compulsory liability insurance. However, it is necessary and important to popularize and strengthen the insurance coverage under liability insurance in private life, including liability for damage resulting from the usage of personal transportation devices.

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