scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Proton Exchange Polymer Membrane Properties of Sulfonated Copolymer Eugenol-diallyl Phthalate

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana ◽  
Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Tutuk Djoko Kusworo ◽  
Heru Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Diallyl Phthalate ◽  
Ft Ir

Synthesis biopolymer of sulfonated copolymer eugenol-diallyl phthalate (PEGDAF), its characterization, and study of proton exchange polymer membrane properties had been done. This synthesis was conducted by eugenol and diallyl phthalate reaction to form PEGDAF, which is sulfonated using sulfuric acid. In addition, the functional groups of the PEGDAF and its sulfonated form were analyzed using FT-IR. Furthermore, the polymer properties were determined by measuring values of sulfonation degree, cation exchange capacity, proton conductivity, and water uptake. FT-IR spectra showed that the vinyl group had been added to the process of PEGDAF formation, while spectra deconvolution was used to confirm the occurrence of sulfonation reaction. The sulfonation of PEGDAF in 2 h optimum reaction time produces a black solid with a melting point of 133 °C in 16.55% yield. The highest proton conductivity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water uptake were 8.334 × 10–6 S cm–1, 0.44 meq/g, and 73.0%, respectively.

A Study of the Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles on Copolyimide Properties for Proton Exchange Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Han Li ◽  
Wei Jian Wang ◽  
Yu Fei Chen ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimide

Containing pyrimidine and pyridine monomers were incorporated respectively into the main chain of a sulfonated polyimide in order to investigate the effect of nitrogen-containing heterocycles on membrane properties such as water uptake and proton conductivity. With increasing content of the nitrogen-containing heterocycles, water uptake of membranes and dimensional changes remarkable decrease. The copolymer showed higher thermal stability (desulfonation temperature up to 330 °C) and reasonable good mechanical properties. These membranes also showed higher proton conductivity, which was comparable or even higher than Nafion 117.

Characterization of Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) as Proton Exchange Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
Hai Dan Lin ◽  
Xiao Ying Yang ◽  
Cheng Xun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Multiblock Copolymers ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A new series of hydrophobic-hydrophilic multiblock sulfonated poly (arylene ether ketone)-b-poly (arylene ether ketone) copolymers were successfully synthesized and evaluated for use as proton exchange membranes (PEMs). The membrane properties of block copolymers including ion exchange capacities (IECs), water uptake and proton conductivities were characterized for the multiblock copolymers and compared with random sulfonated poly (arylene ether) s and other multiblock copolymer membranes at similar ion exchange capacity value. This series of multiblock copolymers showed moderate conductivities up to 0.063 S/cm at 80 °C with very low water uptake of 19%. Therefore, they are considered to be promising PEM materials for fuel cells.

Development of proton-exchange polymer nanocomposite membranes for fuel cell applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Sivasubramanian Gandhimathi ◽  
Hariharasubramanian Krishnan ◽  
Deivanayagam Paradesi
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

The design and development of proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes from a linear constituent, sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), and inorganic additive, niobium oxide (NBO), have been achieved. The degree of sulfonation of SPEEK was measured by back titration method and found to be 57%. The physicochemical properties such as water uptake ability, ion-exchange capacity, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, and thermal stability of the prepared polymer nanocomposite membranes were studied in detail. The distribution of NBO throughout the polymer matrix has been examined by scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses and found to be uniform. The SP-NBO-10 composite membrane shows 38.4% of water uptake, whereas the pristine membrane limits to 27.1%. The prepared electrolyte membranes exhibit good proton conductivity at temperature varying from 30°C to 90°C and possess less activation energy for the transportation of proton by the incorporation of NBO filler. The thermal studies demonstrated that the stability of the composite membranes was significantly enhanced by the impregnation of NBO. The filler NBO shows excellent improvements on the polymer nanocomposite, making it a very promising additive for other polymers and offers new roads for energy applications.

Effect of Bridging Groups on Sulfonated Poly(Imide-Siloxane) for Application in Proton Exchange Membrane of Fuel Cells

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hung Lee ◽  
Jia-Ru Chen ◽  
Hung-Wei Shiu ◽  
Ko-Shan Ho ◽  
Shinn-Dar Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Bridging Groups ◽  
Poly Imide ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A series of six-membered sulfonated poly(imide-siloxane)s were synthesized using 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 2,2-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), as the sulfonation target diamine groups, and various non-sulfonated diamine monomers behaving as bridging groups. The structure-property relationship of SPI-SXx membranes is discussed in details according to the chemical structure of the nvarious non-sulfonated diamines of SPI-SXx membranes from the viewpoints of proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and membranes properties (water uptake, membrane swelling) at equal PDMS content SPI-SXx. They showed good solubility and high thermal stability up to 300 °C. The PDMS was introduced to enhance the proton conductivity and water uptake attributed from the highly flexibility of the siloxane segments. They showed a comparable or even higher proton conductivity than that of Nafion 117 in water at 60 °C. The conductivity and water uptake of angled, SPI-SXm and ODA-based SPI-SX membranes (SPI-SXO) are greater than those prepared from DDM-based SPI-SX membranes (SPI-SXD) at a given IEC. These differences resulted from the increased numbers of entanglements of the flexibility membrane. The SPI-SXD showed alomost isotropically dimensional changes with the increases of water uptake and the volume were slightly smaller than those estimated from the additivity rule. Microscopic analyses revealed that these smaller (<10 nm) and well-dispersed hydrophilic domains contribute to the better proton conducting properties. The new sulfonated poly(imide-siloxane)s have proved to be a possible candidate as the polymer electrolyte membrane for PEFCs and DMFCs.

scholarly journals Intercalated Poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid) into Sulfonated Poly (1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) Based Proton Exchange Membrane: Improved Ionic Conductivity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Murli Manohar ◽  
Prem P. Sharma ◽  
Dukjoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

A series of hybrid proton exchange membranes were synthesized via in situ polymerization of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) PMPS with sulfonated poly (1,4-phenylene ether-ether-sulfone) (SPEES). The insertion of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) PMPS, between the rigid skeleton of SPEES plays a reinforcing role to enhance the ionic conductivity. The synthesized polymer was chemically characterized by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance 1H NMR spectroscopy to demonstrate the successful grafting of PMPS with the pendent polymer chain of SPEES. A variety of physicochemical properties were also investigated such as ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, water uptake and swelling ratio to characterize the suitability of the formed polymer for various electrochemical applications. SP-PMPS-03, having the highest concentration of all PMPS, shows excellent proton conductivity of 0.089 S cm−1 at 80 °C which is much higher than SPEES which is ~0.049 S cm−1. Optimum water uptake and swelling ratio with high conductivity is mainly attributed to a less ordered arrangement polymer chain with high density of the functional group to facilitate ionic transport. The residual weight was 93.35, 92.44 and 89.56%, for SP-PMPS-01, 02 and 03, respectively, in tests with Fenton’s reagent after 24 h. In support of all above properties a good chemical and thermal stability was also achieved by SP-PMPS-03, owing to the durability for electrochemical application.

Novel proton exchange membranes based on PVC for microbial fuel cells (MFCs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Gaurav ◽  
Ram Singh ◽  
Brajesh Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Richa Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Material

Abstract Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), used as separators, are one of the important components in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The efficiency of MFC is greatly influenced by PEM. Nafion, which is a commonly used membrane, has several disadvantages in addition to its high cost. The aim of the present work was to develop low-cost PEMs with higher conductivity. In the current work, membranes were prepared using comparatively cheaper material polyvinyl chloride with different concentrations of silica (SiO2), citric acid and phosphotungstic acid (PWA) by the solution casting method. Different membrane properties such as surface morphology, water uptake capacity, ion exchange capacity (IEC), tensile strength, leaching test and potential applications in MFCs were investigated. The results showed that the prepared membrane with 10% silica has the highest water uptake of 55.8%. The IEC of prepared membranes was found to vary from 0.024 to 0.875 meq/g. The membranes showing better IEC were applied to the MFC. The maximum power density obtained was 43.91 m W/cm2 in the case of a membrane with both 5% PWA and 5% silica. The results obtained make this membrane a promising and economically viable new material in MFC applications.

A Study of Linear versus Kinked Bulky Polymers for Proton Exchange Membranes Using Sulfonated Polyimides

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Yu Han Li
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Sulfonated Polyimides

Linear and kinked bulky monomers were incorporated into the main chain of a polyimide in order to investigate the effect of kinked versus linear polymers on membrane properties such as water uptake and proton conductivity. Polymers prepared using linear 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy)-naphthyl-2,7-disulfonic acid (BAPNDS), SPI-N, and using kinked 2,2’-bis (p-aminophenoxy)-1,1’-binaphthyl-6,6’-disulfonic acid (BNDADS), SPI-BN, were cast into membranes. All the copolymers showed excellent solubility and good film-forming capability. Membranes are thermally stable up to 300 °C under air. For SPI-BN, the nonplanar binaphthyl group result in polymer chain relaxation and produce large water uptake. However, the conductivity of kinked, SPI-BN membranes is lower than those prepared from SPI-N for a given IEC but water uptakes are higher. This might be related to substitution position of the sulfonic acid groups and the microstructure. Sulfonic acid group were located at the same side of the main chain will be favorable for forming hydrophilic clusters, thus better proton conductivity performance would be achieved.

Synthesis and basic properties of sulfonated polysulfone/phosphotungstic acid (H3O40PW12) composite proton exchange membrane

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Guoping Fei ◽  
Jiongxin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Sulfonated Polysulfone ◽  
Sulfonic Acid Groups

AbstractThe sulfonated polysulfone/phosphotungstic acid (SPSU/PWA) composite membranes were investigated for proton exchange membranes. The influence of the interactions between sulfonic acid groups and phosphotungstic acid on the properties of composite membranes was studied in detail. The study showed that special interaction has great influence on the membrane properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of the composite membranes exhibited band shifts showing a possibility of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between SPSU and PWA additives. SPSU/PWA composite membranes were evaluated for thermal stability, ion exchange capacity, water uptake and proton conductivity. Also the extraction of PWA from the composite membranes and their chemical stability were determined. Thermal analysis of the composites showed that it promotes the decomposition temperature of the sulfonic acid groups with increase in PWA weight content. Though the IEC and water uptake decreased with increase in PWA content, the proton conductivity of the composite membranes increased with increase in PWA content. The proton conductivity of the composites with 5 wt.%, 20 wt.% and 30 wt.% PWA is 2.62×10-2, 1.34×10-1 and 1.66×10-1 s·cm-1 at 80oC, respectively.

EVALUASI PERUBAHAN KUALITAS TANAH PADA LAHAN BEKAS PENAMBANGAN NIKEL DI PULAU GEBE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Evaluation Activity ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Environment Quality

Since year 1977 until 2005, PT. ANTAM has been exploited nickel ore resources at Gebe Island – Center ofHalmahera District – North Maluku Province. Mining activity, beside give economically advantages also causedegradation of environment quality espicially land quality. Therefore, it need evaluation activity for change ofland quality at Gebe Island after mining activity.From chemical rehabilitation aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indacate very lack and lackfertility (base saturated 45,87 – 99,6%; cation exchange capacity 9,43 – 12,43%; Organic Carbon 1,12 –2,31%). From availability of nutrirnt element aspect, post mining land and rehabilitation land indicate verylack and lack fertility (nitrogen 0,1 – 1,19%). Base on that data, it can be concluded that land reclamationactivity not yet achieve standart condition of chemical land.Key words : land quality, post mining lan

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