scholarly journals Digital Currencies and Relevant Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Lixing Zou
Keyword(s):  
Social Economy ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Silver Standard ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
The Operating Mechanism ◽  
Global Planning ◽  
Global Monetary System

The paper collates the relations of digital currencies with the past forms of currencies, studies the operating mechanism of digital currencies, analyzes the influence of digital currencies on the financial order and economic pattern, and probes into how to drive the reform of global monetary system with pragmatic and innovative efforts. The paper highlights: First, the evolution and development of currency reflects the mankind’s social and economic development level. Second, digital currency born with the advances of technology does not change the content of credit money. The credit money-to-digital currency shift must respect the operating mechanism of money and ensure that the physical market and the money market are balanced or roughly balanced. Third, with a complicated influence on the social economy, digital currency is unlikely to change the global monetary system and the international economic pattern easily. Fourth, the work of encouraging financial innovation and improving overall financial infrastructure should come with strengthened efforts to develop sound rules governing the market order in the context of digital economy, by guarding against the risks from “excessive monopoly” and “decentralization”. Fifth, the paper calls for linking “trust, confidence and credit” of the human society organically with such intrinsic values as global development, global planning and global resources, and also leveraging such values to actively approach the “Earth-based” monetary system and its replacement of the “gold standard”, the “silver standard” and the sovereign credit based monetary system which have been in long use.

Insights into the phenomenon of ‘bubble-free’ electrocatalytic oxygen evolution from water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsekouras ◽  
Richard Terrett ◽  
Zheyin Yu ◽  
Zhenxiang Cheng ◽  
Gerhard F. Swiegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
The Operating Mechanism

Understanding of the operating mechanism of a ‘breathable’ water-splitting electrode, which extracts evolved gas without forming bubbles, is advanced.

Currency Internationalization and Reforms in the Architecture of the Monetary System: the case of Digital Yuan

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ji ◽  
George Abuselidze ◽  
Valeriia Lymar
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
Global Financial System

In the paper, the authors prove that the application of the Chinese currency in the less developed regions reveals that the Chinese Yuan, despite its limited turnover, can replace the national currency. The following positive and negative results on the global financial system are highlighted promoting the internationalization of the digital Yuan: ensuring and unlimited transparency of the government and visibility of internal financial transactions; transparency of all offshore financial transactions within a country as well as of non-resident users; providing a framework for the global financial system and controlling the monetary policies of regional economies that have actively adopted the Yuan. The paper analyses that the strategy of the Yuan internationalization was implemented through the mechanism of the currency swap agreements with central banks of different countries, respectively, the growing international application of the Yuan gradually stimulated the creation of the „Yuan zone". It is proved that the Yuan internationalization has become a part of the state strategy of the Chinese government in transition to a new type of economic growth, so the digital Yuan should eventually replace cash and will become the main innovation in the global financial system since the appearance of digital currency. According to the conducted research, it is shown that the main technology of the state digital currency of China accommodates security technology, transaction technology, and reliable guarantee technology. The system of Digital Currency, Electronic Payment - DCEP includes a digital currency tracking method system and a digital currency management system based on certain conditions. Launch conditions include terms of economic conditions, interest rate terms of the loan, the terms of the subject flow, and time conditions.

scholarly journals The architecture and operating mechanism of a cnidarian stinging organelle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gibson ◽  
Ahmet Karabulut ◽  
Melainia McClain ◽  
Boris Rubinstein ◽  
Sean McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Operating Mechanism ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
3D Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Perturbations ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
The Operating Mechanism ◽  
And Function

Abstract The stingers of jellyfish, sea anemones and other cnidarians, known as nematocysts, are remarkable cellular weapons used for both predation and defense1. Nematocysts are specialized organelles which consist of a pressurized capsule containing a coiled harpoon-like thread2. These structures are in turn built within specialized cells known as nematocytes3. When triggered4, the capsule explosively discharges, ejecting the coiled thread which punctures the target and rapidly elongates by turning inside out in a process called eversion5,6. Due to the structural complexity of the thread and the extreme speed of discharge, the precise mechanics of nematocyst firing have remained elusive7. Here, using a combination of live and super-resolution imaging, 3D electron microscopy and genetic perturbations, we define the step-by-step sequence of nematocyst operation in the model sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. This analysis reveals the complex biomechanical transformations underpinning the operating mechanism of nematocysts, one of the nature’s most exquisite biological micro-machines. Further, this study will provide insight into the form and function of related cnidarian organelles and serve as a template for the design of bioinspired microdevices.

DIGITAL RUBLE ISSUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (201) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
V.N. Terentyev ◽  
◽  
K.G. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Financial Infrastructure

The state economies of our time are faced with the urgent task of developing innovative campaigns to address issues of digital financial asset management. This trend is caused by the development of technological systems for providing financial services and products on the world market. The proposed instrument for regulating digital banking is the integration into the domestic economy of a new form of money - the digital currency of the central bank (digital ruble). The purpose of the study is to form an idea about the issue of digital financial assets and, as a result, to develop an effective way to introduce digital financial assets "digital ruble" into the domestic financial infrastructure. The shortcomings of the existing domestic legislation regarding the regulation of exchange processes and regulation of the turnover of digital financial assets are revealed. The concepts of "issue of digital financial assets", "digital ruble" are disclosed. The processes of issuing the digital ruble, the planned turnover in the domestic financial system, the possibility of converting digital financial assets being introduced into cash and non-cash money are considered. The position of the digital ruble in the structure of the domestic money supply is determined. Potential problems in the economic system in the process of integrating the digital ruble into it are noted. The processes of pricing and fixing the value of digital financial assets are considered. The analysis of the issue of digital financial assets showed a technical flaw and a general limitation in the functionality of the digital ruble, which is supposed to be integrated.

Concluding Thoughts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atish R. Ghosh ◽  
Jonathan D. Ostry ◽  
Mahvash S. Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Liquidity Insurance ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Global Monetary System ◽  
Opening Up

This concluding chapter argues that the policy makers' vade mecum laid out in the previous chapter raises broader issues for the global monetary system. Notwithstanding the fact that some of the emerging markets may have liberalized their capital accounts prematurely, it questions whether emerging markets have further to gain from opening up, or indeed whether they would not be better off retaining restrictions on at least the riskiest forms of foreign liabilities and transactions. This is particularly pertinent since most of these countries do not enjoy the liquidity insurance provided by swap facilities let alone the reserve currency status. They are forced to self-insure through reserve accumulation, which is costly both to the country and to the international monetary system. Alternative forms of insurance could arguably yield favorable benefit–cost trade-offs, particularly if they result in a safer mix of flows that makes economies less prone to risks from changes in global push factors.

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