Ethical Leadership Responsibility Dimension in Conflict in the Time of (Corona-Covid-19)

The research proved that an organization can progress robust through integration, corporate performance, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility utilizing natured or nurtured ethical leaders.To develop leaders and followers, more commitment should be shown by the management. Principles of corporate governance must have formulated equally by all stakeholders. An ethical leadership has to employ organizational culture in mainstreaming corporate performance, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility.Leadership plays a vital role in enhancement the ethical performance in organizations, but the ways in which leaders’ actions intersect with formal moral regulations in shaping behavior have not been subject to research. This article addresses this topic through a qualitative study of the work of the “ethical leadership framework responsibility dimension in Conflict in the Time of (Corona-Covid -19)”.This research used the technique of stratified sampling to choose the respondents which accomplished the questionnaire and linear regression to analyze the generated data. Those were employed to examine the influence of ethical leadership on corporate performance, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in chosen Lebanese communication public organization.

Conflict Management, a New Challenge in Workplace Case Study Hospital in North Lebanon

Nevertheless, whether managing organizational conflicts improves or degrades employee performance is a point of contention. The purpose of this study was to see how managing organizational conflict approaches, such as negotiation, mediation, cooperation, and denial, affected performance of employees in a private hospital in Lebanon. Human capital, human relations, and contingency theories were used in the research. On a daily basis, every organization faces conflicts. Conflicts are inevitable but they can be managed and detected early. It is vital to keep track of the organizational signals that indicate their presence on a constant basis. There are many ways to manage conflicts, relying on the reasons of conflicts, this study concentrates on communications role in managing conflict because it is considered to be a key element in solving conflicts. Conflicts are regional in the whole society. The research followed a positivist quantitative methodology, which is “a methodological process” that aims to record the results and generalize conclusions from different studies employing statistical means. The research embraced the research of descriptive design. The employees of this research were chosen from hospitals in Lebanon. Stratified and random sampling technique procedures were used to choose an 80-person sample.

Climate Policy Goes Mainstream A New Priority Distinct from Laissez-faire, Which Supports Welfare and Equity

The paper analyzes the long pathway of environmental issues from their start as a highly specialized field to becoming part of mainstream economics. The visibility of global warming and the Paris goal to limit global warming have supported this process, along with concepts ranging from externalities to public goods and cost-benefit analysis. However, we see that most countries are not on track towards reaching climate neutrality early enough to prevent disastrous increases of temperature, due to market and policy failures. Instruments to curb global warming, along with their limits and advantages, are analyzed. Strategies in sectors and countries will have to be different. International cooperation must limit negative spillovers, and it has to support learning processes while enforcing synergies. The article concludes that the problem has become mainstream in economics, but nevertheless requires an interdisciplinary approach.

Impacts of Trade Protection by Tariffs on Agricultural Imports and Exports by Using GTAP Model: A Case Study in Vietnam

International economic integration has brought high growth to international trade while promoting economic development for many countries around the world. However, in recent times, in the world, there has appeared a trend opposite to trade liberalization, which is protectionism. Advocates for trade protection provide arguments for why countries implement trade-restrictive measures. Those causes are related to national security and defense, solving the trade deficit, creating jobs, protecting the nascent industry and ensuring fair trade. Countries are currently using tariff measures including import and export tariffs, and non-tariff measures. The article studies protectionism, analyzes the impact of trade protectionism by tariffs on Vietnam’s GDP and exports, and makes policy recommendations for the Government of Vietnam.

The Expansion of Penang under the East India Company

This study highlights that the British had long experiences in the Malay Peninsula before Francis Light’s acquisition and development of Penang, due to the central role of Malayan ports such as Kedah, Takuapa, Langkasuka, Terengganu, Palembang, Siak, and Malacca in global trade between China and India. Under the influence of Islam, Malacca (and, to a lesser extent, Kedah) became a Muslim Sultanate and reached its peak in this trading network, which attracted European traders (and subsequent colonialism), initially from Portugal and Spain, and later France, the Netherlands, and Britain. After the East India Company attained hegemony in India, it was strongly placed to extend its power from its presidencies in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras. The EIC’s main focus was Bengal, where the Company founded the Fort William College as its headquarters in Calcutta. As trade with China became more important, the Malay Peninsula commensurately became a more attractive destination for investment due to its closer proximity to the Chinese sea lanes, and closer access to the Indo-Malay hinterlands and their products. In 1784, the EIC sent Kinloch to Aceh but he was unsuccessful in negotiating to establish a factory there. Nevertheless, they succeeded in establishing a foothold in Malaya with Francis Light’s embassy to Riau, Kedah, and Penang. Kedah also became prosperous under the Muslim Sultanates. Many Chinese and Indian merchants were settled there, benefitting from the trade in jungle products like camphor, betelnut, bird nests, situated near the Kedah River, was identified as a strategic location. Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Abidin Muazzam Shah II of Kedah (r. 1710-1778) at that time was facing many internal as well as external conflicts. His son Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (r. 1778-1797) also suffered the same fate. As a result of internal crisis and dynastic intrigues, he agreed to lease Penang to the EIC in exchange for military assistance in 1785. In July 1786, Francis Light sailed from Calcutta and reached Penang in August, and thus Penang became an EIC stronghold.

Accident and Emergency Care Made High Reliable: Perception of Staff on Factors Affecting Application of High-Reliability Organization Principles in Accident Emergency Units

There is a growing concern regarding patient safety and high reliability which made more intense with this ongoing pandemic.Aim of this study is to assess the organizational factors affecting the practice of High-Reliability Organization (HRO) Principles as perceived by staff in selected Accident and Emergency Units. Methodology: A hospital based cross-sectional study in three Accident and Emergency care setting, among healthcare staff, conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Out of the five factors affecting HRO practices as perceived by staff, “Organizational Safety Culture” (Mean-4.27., SD-0.49) has the highest mean value followed by Leadership (Mean: 3.96, SD: 0.44) and Teamwork (Mean: 3.95, SD: 0.5). “Work Environment” (Mean: 3.94, SD: 0.46) has the lowest score. All independent and dependent variables have a significant positive correlation with HRO principles (Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level-1-tailed). Multivariate analysis was carried out to assess the proportion variability of the dependent variable. The linear regression model explains 22% of the variability of the HRO practices (dependent variable) by factors affecting HRO practices (independent variables) if all the factors operate together.The distribution of Coefficients, Standardized B value is 0.29 (significant at the 0.01 level), showing if “Organizational Safety Culture” operates together with the other four independent variables 29% of the variability of the HRO practices (dependent variable) can be explained by Organizational Safety Culture.Conclusion: Organizational safety culture shows significant (< 0.01) effect on determining HRO practices.

Digital Currencies and Relevant Policy Analysis

The paper collates the relations of digital currencies with the past forms of currencies, studies the operating mechanism of digital currencies, analyzes the influence of digital currencies on the financial order and economic pattern, and probes into how to drive the reform of global monetary system with pragmatic and innovative efforts. The paper highlights: First, the evolution and development of currency reflects the mankind’s social and economic development level. Second, digital currency born with the advances of technology does not change the content of credit money. The credit money-to-digital currency shift must respect the operating mechanism of money and ensure that the physical market and the money market are balanced or roughly balanced. Third, with a complicated influence on the social economy, digital currency is unlikely to change the global monetary system and the international economic pattern easily. Fourth, the work of encouraging financial innovation and improving overall financial infrastructure should come with strengthened efforts to develop sound rules governing the market order in the context of digital economy, by guarding against the risks from “excessive monopoly” and “decentralization”. Fifth, the paper calls for linking “trust, confidence and credit” of the human society organically with such intrinsic values as global development, global planning and global resources, and also leveraging such values to actively approach the “Earth-based” monetary system and its replacement of the “gold standard”, the “silver standard” and the sovereign credit based monetary system which have been in long use.

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The Role of Managerial Accountants and the Implementation and Monitoring of the Balanced Scorecard Metrics: A Literature Review

Organizational leaders use many management tools when planning and controlling. One of the most widely used is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) metrics. Based on a literature review method used, this paper explored the dynamics that influence organizations to overlook the inputs of managerial accountants when using BSC when measuring organizational performance. We found that a misfit between the strategy of the firm and the firm’s internal capabilities and skills and the inability of the financial perspective to predict and improve financial performance to be predominant factors to overlook the inputs of managerial accountants when using BSC.

US Real GDP Growth and Impact of Covid-19

The global pandemic, COVID-19, has exacerbated the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of the global economy since its outbreak in December 2019. One of the most affected economies, due to the global pandemic, is the US economy, currently crippled by an increased number of COVID-19 related deaths, layoffs, reduced work hours, and other related natural disasters, such as winter storms. Hence, it is imperative that the damage done to the GDP growth is evaluated meticulously to craft favorable monetary and fiscal policies to uplift economic performance. One of the key yet debated methods used by many economists is utilizing real GDP per capita as an economic performance measurement tool. Using two economic datasets and a multiple regression model, we compared real GDP per capita performance in the US economy between the second and third quarters of 2020. The study finds that the impact seems detrimental due to restrictions imposed on economic activities, such as business closures, disturbances in the supply chain, employee layoffs and reduced work hours. However, in the third quarter of 2020 COVID-19 after some of the COVID-19 imposed restrictions were lifted, the real GDP per capita significantly increased.