scholarly journals Gender-Differentiated Impacts of Extreme Events at Selected Households in Coastal Areas, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Rosanna D. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Areas

scholarly journals Synergy between satellite observations and model simulations during extreme events

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Wiese ◽  
Joanna Staneva ◽  
Johannes Schultz-Stellenfleth ◽  
Arno Behrens ◽  
Luciana Fenoglio-Marc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Operational Analysis

Abstract. In this study, the quality of wind and wave data provided by the new Sentinel-3A satellite is evaluated. We focus on coastal areas, where altimeter data are of lower quality than those for the open ocean. The satellite data of Sentinel-3A, Jason-2 and CryoSat-2 are assessed in a comparison with in situ measurements and spectral wave model (WAM) simulations. The sensitivity of the wave model to wind forcing is evaluated using data with different temporal and spatial resolution, such as ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses, ECMWF operational analysis and short-range forecasts, German Weather Service (DWD) forecasts and regional atmospheric model simulations -coastDat. Numerical simulations show that both the wave model forced using the ERA5 reanalyses and that forced using the ECMWF operational analysis/forecast demonstrate the best capability over the whole study period, as well as during extreme events. To further estimate the variance of the significant wave height of ensemble members for different wind forcings, especially during extreme events, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed. Intercomparisons between remote sensing and in situ observations demonstrate that the overall quality of the former is good over the North Sea and Baltic Sea throughout the study period, although the significant wave heights estimated based on satellite data tend to be greater than the in situ measurements by 7 cm to 26 cm. The quality of all satellite data near the coastal area decreases; however, within 10 km off the coast, Sentinel-3A performs better than the other two satellites. Analyses in which data from satellite tracks are separated in terms of onshore and offshore flights have been carried out. No substantial differences are found when comparing the statistics for onshore and offshore flights. Moreover, no substantial differences are found between satellite tracks under various metocean conditions. Furthermore, the satellite data quality does not depend on the wind direction relative to the flight direction. Thus, the quality of the data obtained by the new Sentinel-3A satellite over coastal areas is improved compared to that of older satellites.

Coastal flooding in the Balearic Islands during the 21st century caused by sea level rise and extreme events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Luque Lozano ◽  
Lluís Gómez-Pujol ◽  
Marta Marcos ◽  
Alejandro Orfila
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Mean Sea Level

<p>Sea-level rise induces a permanent loss of land with widespread ecological and economic impacts, most evident in urban and densely populated areas. The eventual coastline retreat combined with the action of waves and storm surges will end in more severe damages over coastal areas. These effects are expected to be particularly significant over islands, where coastal zones represent a relatively larger area vulnerable to marine hazards.</p><p>Managing coastal flood risk at regional scales requires a prioritization of resources and socioeconomic activities along the coast. Stakeholders, such as regional authorities, coastal managers and private companies, need tools that help to address the evaluation of coastal risks and criteria to support decision-makers to clarify priorities and critical sites. For this reason, the regional Government of the Balearic Islands (Spain) in association with the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment has launched the Plan for Climate Change Coastal Adaptation. This framework integrates two levels of analysis. The first one relates with the identification of critical areas affected by coastal flooding and erosion under mean sea-level rise scenarios and the quantification of the extent of flooding, including marine extreme events. The second level assesses the impacts on infrastructures and assets from a socioeconomic perspective due to these hazards.</p><p>In this context, this paper quantifies the effects of sea-level rise and marine extreme events caused by storm surges and waves along the coasts of the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) in terms of coastal flooding and potential erosion. Given the regional scale (~1500 km) of this study, the presented methodology adopts a compromise between accuracy, physical representativity and computational costs. We map the projected flooded coastal areas under two mean sea-level rise climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. To do so, we apply a corrected bathtub algorithm. Additionally, we compute the impact of extreme storm surges and waves using two 35-year hindcasts consistently forced by mean sea level pressure and surface winds from ERA-Interim reanalysis. Waves have been further propagated towards the nearshore to compute wave setup with higher accuracy. The 100-year return levels of joint storm surges and waves are used to map the spatial extent of flooding in more than 200 sandy beaches around the Balearic Islands by mid and late 21st century, using the hydrodynamical LISFLOOD-FP model and a high resolution (2 m) Digital Elevation Model.</p>

scholarly journals Extreme storms during the last 6500 years from lagoonal sedimentary archives in the Mar Menor (SE Spain)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Dezileau ◽  
Angel Pérez-Ruzafa ◽  
Philippe Blanchemanche ◽  
Jean-Philippe Degeai ◽  
Otmane Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
The North ◽  
Mar Menor ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract. Storms and tsunamis, which may seriously endanger human society, are amongst the most devastating marine catastrophes that can occur in coastal areas. Many such events are known and have been reported for the Mediterranean, a region where high-frequency occurrences of these extreme events coincides with some of the most densely populated coastal areas in the world. In a sediment core from the Mar Menor (SE Spain), we discovered eight coarse-grained layers which document marine incursions during periods of intense storm activity or tsunami events. Based on radiocarbon dating, these extreme events occurred around 5250, 4000, 3600, 3010, 2300, 1350, 650, and 80 years cal BP. No comparable events have been observed during the 20th and 21st centuries. The results indicate little likelihood of a tsunami origin for these coarse-grained layers, although historical tsunami events are recorded in this region. These periods of surge events seem to coincide with the coldest periods in Europe during the late Holocene, suggesting a control by a climatic mechanism for periods of increased storm activity. Spectral analyses performed on the sand percentage revealed four major periodicities of 1228 ± 327, 732 ± 80, 562 ± 58, and 319 ± 16 years. Amongst the well-known proxies that have revealed a millennial-scale climate variability during the Holocene, the ice-rafted debris (IRD) indices in the North Atlantic developed by Bond et al. (1997, 2001) present a cyclicity of 1470 ± 500 years, which matches the 1228 ± 327-year periodicity evidenced in the Mar Menor, considering the respective uncertainties in the periodicities. Thus, an in-phase storm activity in the western Mediterranean is found with the coldest periods in Europe and with the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. However, further investigations, such as additional coring and high-resolution coastal imagery, are needed to better constrain the main cause of these multiple events.

scholarly journals Extreme storms during the last 6,500 years from lagoonal sedimentary archives in Mar Menor (SE SPAIN)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dezileau ◽  
A. Pérez-Ruzafa ◽  
P. Blanchemanche ◽  
J. P. Degeai ◽  
O. Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Mar Menor ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
Mar Menor Lagoon

Abstract. Amongst the most devastating marine catastrophes that can occur in coastal areas, are storms and tsunamis, which may seriously endanger human society. Many such events are known and have been reported for the Mediterranean, a region where high-frequency occurrences of these extreme events coincides with some of the most densely populated coastal areas in the world. In a sediment core from Mar Menor Lagoon (SE Spain), we discovered eight coarse grained layers which document marine incursions during periods of intense storm activity or tsunami events. Based on radiocarbon dating, these extreme events occurred around 5250, 4000, 3600, 3010, 2300, 1350, 650 and 80 years cal B.P.. No comparable events have been observed during the 20th and 21th centuries. The results indicate little likehood of a tsunami origin for these coarse grained layers, although historical tsunami events are recorded in this region. These periods of surge events seem to coincide with the coldest periods in Europe during the late Holocene, suggesting a control by a climatic mechanism for periods of increased storm activity. Spectral analyses performed on the sand % revealed four major periodicities of 1228 ±327, 732 ±80, 562 ±58, and 319 ±16 yr. Amongst the well-known proxies that have revealed a millennial-scale climate variability during the Holocene, the ice-rafted debris (IRD) indices in North Atlantic developed by Bond et al. (1997, 2001) present a cyclicity of 1470 ±500 yr, which matches the 1228 ±327 yr periodicity evidenced in the Mar Menor lagoon, considering the respective uncertainties on the periodicities. Thus, an in-phase storm activity in Western Mediterranean is found with the coldest periods in Europe and to the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. However, further investigations, such as additional coring, high-resolution coastal imagery, are needed to better constrain the main cause of these multiple-events.

scholarly journals MODELLING EXTREME WAVE EVENTS (PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS) IN SOUTHWEST ENGLAND

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Jose M Horrillo-Caraballo ◽  
Shunqi Pan ◽  
Dominic E Reeve ◽  
Dave Simmonds ◽  
Deborah Greaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Coastal Risks

Coastal areas are vital part of the local economies in terms of population, tourism, trade, industry only to mention a few sectors. As the economy in these coastal areas develops, the risk in which the assets are based will increase as well as the likelihood of extreme events. The European project THESEUS “Innovative coastal technologies for safer European coasts in a changing climate” was conceived with the idea of tackle these and to reduce coastal risks. In this paper we will present a detailed study of the results obtained with the model and how this can affect the area of the Teign estuary under the future climate scenarios and the sea level rise expected. In particular the importance (or otherwise) of the joint extreme occurrence of large waves and high surge.

scholarly journals Synergy of wind wave model simulations and satellite observations during extreme events

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Wiese ◽  
Joanna Staneva ◽  
Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth ◽  
Arno Behrens ◽  
Luciana Fenoglio-Marc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Wind Forcing ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Operational Analysis

Abstract. In this study, the quality of wave data provided by the new Sentinel-3A satellite is evaluated and the sensitivity of the wave model to wind forcing is tested. We focus on coastal areas, where altimeter data are of lower quality and wave modelling is more complex than for the open ocean. In the first part of the study, the sensitivity of the wave model to wind forcing is evaluated using data with different temporal and spatial resolution, such as ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis and short-range forecasts, German Weather Service (DWD) forecasts and regional atmospheric model simulations (coastDat). Numerical simulations show that the wave model forced using the ERA5 reanalyses and that forced using the ECMWF operational analysis/forecast demonstrate the best capability over the whole study period, as well as during extreme events. To further estimate the variance of the significant wave height of ensemble members for different wind forcings, especially during extreme events, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed. In the second part of the study, the satellite data of Sentinel-3A, Jason-2 and CryoSat-2 are assessed in comparison with in situ measurements and spectral wave model (WAM) simulations. Intercomparisons between remote sensing and in situ observations demonstrate that the overall quality of the former is good over the North Sea and Baltic Sea throughout the study period, although the significant wave heights estimated based on satellite data tend to be greater than the in situ measurements by 7 to 26 cm. The quality of all satellite data near the coastal area decreases; however, within 10 km off the coast, Sentinel-3A performs better than the other two satellites. Analyses in which data from satellite tracks are separated in terms of onshore and offshore flights have been carried out. No substantial differences are found when comparing the statistics for onshore and offshore flights. Moreover, no substantial differences are found between satellite tracks under various metocean conditions. Furthermore, the satellite data quality does not depend on the wind direction relative to the flight direction. Thus, the quality of the data obtained by the new Sentinel-3A satellite over coastal areas is improved compared to that of older satellites.

scholarly journals TRANSIENT DAM-BREAK WAVE LOADING ON PIPELINES NEAR SLOPING BED

2020 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Behnaz Ghodoosipour ◽  
Tomoyuki Takabatake ◽  
Ioan Nistor ◽  
Majid Mohammadian ◽  
Go Hamano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Wave Loading ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Hydrodynamic Loading ◽  
Sloping Bed

Extreme events such as tsunamis and floods have caused massive damaging consequences to nearshore infrastructures. This has been more significant recently due to a changing climate. Transmission pipelines are among such infrastructures and need to be protected against potential extreme events. Design of pipelines requires comprehensive understanding of the exerting hydrodynamic forces. Such pipelines are often placed on sloping beds in coastal areas. Therefore, to address the uncertainties and parameters involved in extreme hydrodynamic loading on pipelines near sloping bed, an experimental program was conducted at the hydraulic laboratory in WASEDA University, Tokyo, Japan. This study is a complement of another experimental research conducted by Ghodoosipour et al., 2019a and b to investigate loadings from tsunami-like dam-break waves on pipelines located on flat bed.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/y6nSfe34SAw

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