scholarly journals Reestructuración y dinámica del empleo en México: 1980-1998

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Aguayo ◽  
Carlos Salas Páez
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Opening Up

Resumen:El presente artículo propone realizar un análisis del impacto de la apertura de la economía mexicana sobre la estructura y el desarrollo económico de las regiones. En términos generales, el debate actual sobre el tema se centra en el argumento de inspiración neoclásica de que, a largo plazo, el desarrollo entre las regiones -si bien desiguales- tenderá a converger e igualar las condiciones de desarrollo subsecuentes. En este artículo se plantea una hipótesis contraria, a saber: la apertura de la economía ha conducido al crecimiento de las desigualdades, lejos de llevar a la pretendida "convergencia" regional neoclásica. Así las cosas, al nivel más elemental de los hechos (evolución del PIB, inversión extranjera directa y generación de empleo) se verifica lo falaz del argumento neoclásico. Para llevar a cabo esta empresa, se realiza un análisis de la evolución de los indicadores a partir del estudio de la especialización productiva por regiones, así como del cambio y la participación en la estructura regional de la producción y el empleo. Finalmente, se argumenta a favor de una política económica activa por parte del Estado, en la lógica de reducir paulatinamente la desigualdad entre las regiones. Palabras clave: apertura de la economía mexicana; desigualdades; inversión extranjera; generación de empleo; especialización productivaAbstract:This article intends to analyse the impact of the opening-up of the Mexican economy on the structure and economic development of the different regions. Generally speaking, the present debate on the subject focuses on the neoclassical-inspired argument that the development of the regions, although uneven, will tend to converge and to make equal the subsequent development conditions in the long term. In this paper a contrary hypothesis is set forth, that is to say: far from leading to the so-called neoclassical regional "convergence", the opening-up of the economy has led to an increase in the inequalities. Then, at the most basic level of the events -GDP evolution, direct foreign investment, and creation of employment-, the fallacy of the neoclassical argument is verified. In order to carry out this task, the evolution of these indicators is analyzed from the study of the productive specialization by regions, as well as from changes and participation in the regional structure of production and employment. Finally, and according to the logic of gradually reducing inequality among regions, it is argued in favor of a state active economic policy.  Key words: opening-up of the Mexican economy; inequalities; foreign investment; creation of employment; productive specialization.

تدفقات الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر وأثره على البطالة في العراق للمدة (2004-2017) دراسة تحليلية باستخدام التكامل المشترك المتزامن

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
خالد عواد ◽  
مهند عبد ◽  
بلال اسعد
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to show the impact of foreign investment inflows into Iraq on changes in unemployment after 2004, in light of the emergence of ideas of globalization in various aspects and the convergence of distances between countries due to the development of knowledge and scientific means of communication and by the policies of economic liberalization and international trade. A long - term equilibrium relationship between foreign investment flows and unemployment, and that changes in unemployment rates explain the change in FDI flows.

scholarly journals MECANISMOS DE DERRAMAS DE CONOCIMIENTO EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS RELACIONES ENTRE GRANDES, PEQUEÑAS y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Capital Humano ◽  
Positive Impacts

MECANISMOS DE DERRAMAS DE CONOCIMIENTO EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS RELACIONES ENTRE GRANDES, PEQUEÑAS y MEDIANAS EMPRESAS mECHANISmS OF SPILLOVER KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTExT OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BIG, SmALL AND mID-SIZE COmPANIES Pablo Chauca M. Facultad de Economía, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Michoacán, México DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2010.0012/ RESUMEN Las relaciones entre empresas grandes y las de menor tamaño (pequeñas y medianas, Pymes) es un tema importante y a la vez polémico. Con los avances de los procesos de globalización, en particular desde las políticas económicas que privilegian la apertura comercial, se enfatiza en los impactos positivos de la inversión extranjera directa en la dinámica económica de los países receptores. En ese contexto, diversos estudios se enfocan al análisis de las derramas provenientes de empresas grandes (transnacionales y nacionales) hacia Pymes locales y suponen que los incrementos de productividad de éstas últimas están relacionados con las derramas de conocimiento desde las grandes. Otras investigaciones destacan las relaciones asimétricas entre las empresas grandes y las Pymes, por tal razón sostienen que los impactos son más negativos sobre las empresas de menor tamaño y no existe significativamente acumulación de aprendizajes, habilidades y capacidades tecnológicas y productivas en las Pymes. Teniendo como marco el debate a partir de estos estudios, el trabajo se propone analizar cuáles son las ventajas y las dificultades que las Pymes enfrentan para el aprovechamiento de las derramas de conocimiento así como cuáles son los mecanismos específicos para su acumulación. Para ilustrar las argumentaciones se toma como referencia la experiencia en algunas ramas industriales de la economía mexicana. Palabras clave: Derramas de conocimiento, capacidades de absorción, vínculos de proveeduría, movilidad del capital humano. ABSTRACT The relationships between big companies and the small and mid-size companies (SMEs) are an important and simultaneously controversial subject. With the advances of the globalisation processes, in particular from the economic policies that privilege the commercial opening, it is emphasized in the positive impacts of the direct foreign investment in the economic dynamics of the receiving countries. In that context, diverse studies focus to the analysis of the spillover of big companies (transnational and national) towards local SMEs and suppose that the increases of productivity of these last ones are related to the spillover knowledge from the big ones. Other investigations emphasize the asymmetric relations between the big companies and the SMEs, for such reason maintain that the impacts are more negative on the smaller companies and significantly does not exist technological and productive accumulation of learnings, abilities and capacities in the SMEs. Having as frame the debate from these studies, the work analyze which are the advantages and the difficulties that the SMEs face for the advantage of the spillover knowledge as well as which are the specific mechanisms for their accumulation. In order to illustrate the argumentations the experience in some mexican industries is taken like reference. Keywords: Spillover knowledge, capabilities of absorption, bonds of provider, mobility of the human capital.

scholarly journals Timely interventions: Temporality and peacebuilding

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryerson Christie ◽  
Gilberto Algar-Faria
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Empowerment

AbstractWhile there has been a long engagement with the impact of time on peacebuilding policies and practice, this engagement has to date focused predominately on issues of short- versus long-term initiatives, and of waning donor support for such initiatives. More recently, the critical peacebuilding turn has focused attention on the politics of the everyday as being essential to emancipatory endeavours enacted through localisation. Yet despite this, time itself has not been the subject of analysis, and the politics of time have not been integrated into the study of peacebuilding. This article, drawing both on historical institutionalist and on critical international studies analyses of temporality, provides a framework for analysing the impacts of time on the potential to achieve emancipatory peace. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Cambodia, this article asserts that a focus on Policy Time, Liberal Political Time, and Intergenerational Time highlights how peacebuilding initiatives are framed by disparate timescapes that limit the visibility of local chronopolitics, and that this in turn restricts local empowerment and resistances.

Drought relief schemes for the 'Pastoral Zone'.

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
IB Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In this article I have attempted to firstly provide a consensus view of graziers to sound drought strategies; secondly, outline Government policies or action directed towards assisting graziers affected by drought; and finally, address the subject of drought policy as it relates to conservation of the rangeland resource. Drought strategies discussed include pre-drought (e.g. fodder reserves, conservative stocking), longer term (e.g. increasing property size, spatial diversification of grazing blocks) and in-drought (e.g. reduce stock numbers early in drought). Grounds for Government intervention and aid for drought affected producers are analysed with regard to both the individual farmer's needs and the impact nationally of low return from a drought-affected primary industry. Aspects discussed include provision of better infrastructure (e.g, new roads), taxation concessions, a National Drought Fodder Reserve, land tenure policy, the Rural Adjust- ment Scheme and credit and freight concessions. From the conservation viewpoint, it is pointed out that officially declared 'droughts' occur too frequently and there are no incentives for graziers to either act early before a drought becomes firmly established or to delay re-stocking after the drought has broken. It is concluded that a balance between in-drought assistance and long term assistance needs to be struck, and that drought policies should be directed towards 'good' management strategies. If this can be achieved then primary producers should be less dependent on relief schemes.

scholarly journals Chocs/contre choc pétroliers et investisssements étrangers au Nigéria

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-544
Author(s):  
Suzanne Quiers-Valette
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
The Impact

The problems linked to oil profits have been the subject of numerous studies. Few of these studies, however, have dealt with the specific problem of the impact of oil price shocks and return shocks on foreign investments in revenue-generating countries. This paper seeks to analyze the case of Nigeria which has been and still is a key country for the international oligopolies, thanks to the sheer size of its market and its oil wealth. In the face of Africa 's current decline Nigeria is, with South Africa, a potential keystone state that could in time bind together other states into a regional bloc with good prospects for growth. This possible unifying role, however, seems to depend on foreign investment picking up. It is therefore essential to understand better the extent to which foreign investment was spurred from 1973 onwards by the oil boom and what the consequences were of the crisis that began in 1982.

scholarly journals POLIMEDIA: UNA VÍA PARA LA DIFUSIÓN DEL LENGUAJE MUSICAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Galo Mauricio López ◽  
Edisson Alberto Chiluisa-Ochoa ◽  
Ricardo Patricio Medina-Chicaiza ◽  
Estefanía Soledad Sarzosa-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Musical Language ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Representative Problem ◽  
Subsequent Measurement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Educational Videos ◽  
Basic Level

RESUMEN La investigación tiene como objetivo desarrollar polimedias para la cátedra de Lenguaje Musical en el nivel básico medio de educación en Ecuador. El trabajo investigativo evidencia como problema más representativo que la asignatura no cuenta con suficientes recursos didácticos sin recibir la influencia de nuevas técnicas y la aplicación de la tecnología. Se utilizó métodos que sustenten los elementos teóricos y las herramientas tecnológicas más idóneas en la preparación de la polimedia acorde al tipo de temática educativa; así como, la herramienta SocialBlade para medir y evaluar las polimedias del canal en YouTube. Entre los resultados se encuentra el procedimiento para crear una polimedia y la difusión del contenido en un canal de video en YouTube y la medición cuantitativa del número de visualizaciones, me gusta y no me gusta de las polimedias subidas al canal social; reflejándose la importancia de utilizar recursos tecnológicos en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje. PALABRAS CLAVE: audiovisual; lenguaje musical; polimedia; videos educativos. POLIMEDIA: A WAY FOR THE DIFFUSION OF MUSICAL LANGUAGE ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to develop polimedias for the Chair of Musical Language at the basic level of education in Ecuador. The investigative work shows as a more representative problem that the subject does not have enough didactic resources without being influenced by new techniques and the application of technology. We used methods that support the theoretical elements and the most suitable technological tools in the preparation of the polimedia according to the type of educational theme; as well as, the tool SocialBlade to measure and evaluate the polimedias of the channel on YouTube. Among the results is the process to create a polimedia and the diffusion of the content in a YouTube video channel and its subsequent measurement. KEYWORDS: audiovisual; musical language; polymedia; educational videos.

Abstract MP9: Incidence and Outcomes of Posterior Circulation Involvement in Moyamoya Disease

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth S Tigchelaar ◽  
Allan Wang ◽  
Yiping Li ◽  
Gary Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Collateral Flow ◽  
Bilateral Disease ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Ischemic Complications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive, occlusive disease of the internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches, with the subsequent development of an abnormal vascular network of small, weak blood vessels that are prone to rupture. Steno-occlusive changes in the posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) may contribute to worse outcomes in MMD patients, however, there is a paucity of information on the incidence and natural history of MMD patients with PCA disease. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients with MMD treated between 1987 and 2019. Demographics, peri-operative outcomes, and radiological phenotypes were recorded for 450 patients. PCA disease was scored as either 0 (no disease), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe, or occluded). Out of 450 patients, 164 (34.4%) had concurrent PCA disease. In patients with PCA disease, the extent of occlussion was mild in 56 (34%), moderate in 41 (25%), and severe in 67 (40.9%) patients. In total, there were 319 females (70.9%), with a higher proportion of female MMD patients having severe or moderate PCA disease (p=0.038). Patients with severe and moderate PCA disease had higher Suzuki grades (p<0.0001), more extensive collateral angiopathy (p<0.0001), more frequent cerebrovascular accidents on presentation (p=0.012), higher hemodynamic scores (p=0.022), and a greater frequency of post-operative ischemic complications (p=0.019). Peak modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were higher in patients with any severity of PCA disease (p=0.0006). Over a mean follow-up of 6.94±4.16 years, 28 patients (8.86%) developed new or progressive PCA disease. Bilateral disease was present in 66 patients (14.7%) and was associated with higher Suzuki grades (p<0.0001), more extensive collateral angiopathy (p<0.0001), and greater post-operative ischemic complications (p=0.011). Peak mRS scores were higher in patients with bilateral disease compared to patients with no PCA disease (p<0.0001). PCA disease involvement is associated with higher rates of ischemic peri-operative complications and poor functional outcomes likely due to reduced collateral flow. Progression of PCA disease is not uncommon. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of PCA disease progression on long-term outcomes.

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