Drought relief schemes for the 'Pastoral Zone'.

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
IB Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Consensus View ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In this article I have attempted to firstly provide a consensus view of graziers to sound drought strategies; secondly, outline Government policies or action directed towards assisting graziers affected by drought; and finally, address the subject of drought policy as it relates to conservation of the rangeland resource. Drought strategies discussed include pre-drought (e.g. fodder reserves, conservative stocking), longer term (e.g. increasing property size, spatial diversification of grazing blocks) and in-drought (e.g. reduce stock numbers early in drought). Grounds for Government intervention and aid for drought affected producers are analysed with regard to both the individual farmer's needs and the impact nationally of low return from a drought-affected primary industry. Aspects discussed include provision of better infrastructure (e.g, new roads), taxation concessions, a National Drought Fodder Reserve, land tenure policy, the Rural Adjust- ment Scheme and credit and freight concessions. From the conservation viewpoint, it is pointed out that officially declared 'droughts' occur too frequently and there are no incentives for graziers to either act early before a drought becomes firmly established or to delay re-stocking after the drought has broken. It is concluded that a balance between in-drought assistance and long term assistance needs to be struck, and that drought policies should be directed towards 'good' management strategies. If this can be achieved then primary producers should be less dependent on relief schemes.

scholarly journals Corruption, Taxation and the Impact on the Shadow Economy

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Němec ◽  
Eva Kotlánová ◽  
Igor Kotlán ◽  
Zuzana Machová
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Initial Assumption ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

While assessing the economic impacts of corruption, the corruption-related transmission channels which influence taxation as such have to be duly considered. Taking the example of the Czech Republic, this article aims to evaluate the impacts corruption has on the size of the shadow economy as well as on the individual sources of long-term economic growth, making use of a transmission channel through which corruption affects the tax burden components. Using the method of an extended DSGE model, it confirms the initial assumption that an increase in perceived corruption supports the shadow economy’s growth, but at the same time, it demonstrates that corruption and especially its perception has a significantly different effect on two key areas—the capital accumulation and the labour force size. It further identifies another sector of the economy representing taxes which are prone to tax evasion while asserting that corruption has a much more destructive effect on this sector of the economy, offering generalized implications for other post-communist EU member states in a similar situation.

1156Coronary artery bypass grafting vs. FFR-guided PCI in diabetic patients with multivessel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Di Gioia ◽  
N Soto Flores ◽  
D Franco ◽  
I Colaiori ◽  
J Sonck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Artery Bypass Grafting ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In diabetic patients with multivessel coronary disease (MVD), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has shown long-term benefits in mortality over percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI). Nevertheless, the impact of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI on clinical outcomes has never been investigated in these patients. Purpose To evaluate the long-term (5-year) clinical outcome of diabetic patients with MVD treated with FFR-guided PCI compared to CABG. Methods From February 2010 to February 2018, all diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography in one centre (n=4622) were screened for inclusion. The inclusion criterion was presence of at least two-vessels CAD defined as with diameters stenosis ≥50%. In case of intermediate coronary stenosis (%DS 30–70%), FFR was performed at the discretion of the operator. Revascularization was performed when FFR ≤0.80. Exclusion criteria were ST-elevation myocardial infarction, prior CABG, and moderate or severe valvular heart dysfunction. To account for confounders, we compared outcomes by calculating an adjusted Kaplan-Meier estimator using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Propensity score variables included age, sex, smoking habit, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin therapy, family history of CAD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), prior myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), admission for NSTEMI, ejection fraction, number of angiographic stenotic vessels. Odds ratios were calculated using generalized linear models (GLM). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as all-cause death, myocardial infarction and stroke. Secondary endpoints were the individual component of MACCE and any repeated revascularization. Results A total of 538 diabetic patients with MVD were included in the analysis. Among them, 317 (59%) patients underwent CABG and 221 (41%) FFR-guided PCI. Patients treated with FFR-guided PCI had more often COPD as compared to patients in the CABG-group, but patients treated with CABG had lower GFR, more PVD, higher number of angiographic stenotic vessels (2.8±0.4 vs. 2.5±0.5; p<0.01) and higher Syntax score (20±7 vs. 14±6; p<0.01) as compared to the FFR-guided PCI group. Clinical follow-up was obtained in 95% of the patients at a median follow-up of 5 years. The incidence of MACCE was similar in the CABG and in the FFR-guided PCI group [27% vs. 29%; OR (95% CI) 1.05 (0.68–1.63); p=0.74]. No differences were found in the individual components of MACCE. Repeat revascularization was more frequent in the FFR-guided PCI group than in the CABG group [27% vs. 7%; OR (95% CI) 4.3 (2.35–7.9); p<0.01]. Conclusions In diabetic patients with MVD undergoing FFR-guided PCI, no differences in major adverse events were observed at a median follow-up of 5 years compared with CABG.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Management on the Inpatient Psychiatric Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Laurie M. Timberlake ◽  
Linda S. Beeber ◽  
Grace Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

BACKGROUND. Between 4% to 70% of inpatients engage in self-harming behaviors and effective interventions are needed to address this population. AIM. This article reviews literature from 2007 to 2017 to address treatment and management strategies specific for the treatment of nonsuicidal self-injury in the inpatient psychiatric setting. METHODS. Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched for relevant articles with 34 studies reviewed for applicability to the question, and 9 parsed into a summary of Findings table. RESULTS. Therapeutic approaches that show promise include cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and mentalization as well as medications that act on the serotonergic, dopaminergic, and opioid systems. Effective models of care aim toward enhancing therapeutic relationships with staff, providers, and most important, encouraging the internal shift toward recovery within the patient. CONCLUSIONS. More research with controlled designs in the inpatient setting is needed, however, regardless of which approach is used, the impact of the individual caregiver on the patient’s recovery is key.

scholarly journals Timely interventions: Temporality and peacebuilding

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryerson Christie ◽  
Gilberto Algar-Faria
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Empowerment

AbstractWhile there has been a long engagement with the impact of time on peacebuilding policies and practice, this engagement has to date focused predominately on issues of short- versus long-term initiatives, and of waning donor support for such initiatives. More recently, the critical peacebuilding turn has focused attention on the politics of the everyday as being essential to emancipatory endeavours enacted through localisation. Yet despite this, time itself has not been the subject of analysis, and the politics of time have not been integrated into the study of peacebuilding. This article, drawing both on historical institutionalist and on critical international studies analyses of temporality, provides a framework for analysing the impacts of time on the potential to achieve emancipatory peace. Drawing on extensive fieldwork in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Cambodia, this article asserts that a focus on Policy Time, Liberal Political Time, and Intergenerational Time highlights how peacebuilding initiatives are framed by disparate timescapes that limit the visibility of local chronopolitics, and that this in turn restricts local empowerment and resistances.

scholarly journals Nachhaltiges Holzproduktionspotenzial im Schweizer Wald

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (9) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harvesting Costs

Potential of sustainable wood production in Swiss forests In the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI), the data collected in the three inventories (NFI1 1983–1985, NFI2 1993–1995, NFI3 2004–2006) provide the basis not only for analysing the present state of the forest and how it has developed up to now, but also for assessing, with the help of models, how it might develop in future. The scenario model «Massimo 3», developed at the Swiss Federal Institut for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, is an empirical and stochastic simulation model. It relies on data from the NFI and forecasts the development of the forest according to how it is managed. Six scenarios with different management regimes were defined according to the economic, silvicultural and ecological aspects considered. In three scenarios the growing stock is kept constant at the level of NFI3, but different management strategies are used (Scenario A: basis [business as usual], Scenario E: even-aged forests are transformed into uneven-aged forests, and Scenario F: near-natural percentages of conifers are promoted). In two scenarios forest management is partially abandoned for either ecological reasons (Scenario B: reservations, 10% of the forest area is left unmanaged) or for economic reasons (Scenario C: harvesting costs, 40% of the forest area is left unmanaged). Scenario D (rotation periods are shortened) was used to study the effects of augmenting the annual harvesting amount. A forecasting time period of 100 years was selected to assess the long-term effects of the scenarios. Scenarios A, D, and E show that the sustainable harvesting potential of merchantable wood lies in a relatively narrow range of 7.1 to 7.3 million m3/year, even though in Scenario D the growing stock is reduced from 360 m3/ha to 305 m3/ha. In Scenario F regeneration is systematically established with near-natural percentages of conifers, the long-term harvesting potential is slightly less: about 6.5 million m3/year of merchantable wood. If forest management is abandoned for economic reasons on as much as 40% of the forest area (Scenario C, harvesting costs), the impact on the wood reserves is very negative.

Review of Common Management Strategies for Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Chan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Fatigue Management ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Fatigue is the most common symptom experienced by individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), regardless of their disability level or the severity of the disease. The Fatigue Severity Scale and the Fatigue Impact Scale are standardized tools designed to measure the impact of fatigue on an individual's life. In addition to the use of medications, other fatigue management strategies include education, modification of activities and environment, compensation, and participation in physical exercises. Because the patient is required to take an active role in the implementation of these fatigue management strategies, his or her sense of control in disease management is enhanced, resulting in empowerment of the individual. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), empowerment is a health-promotion strategy for the individual and for populations. Therefore, having options and control in fatigue management is empowering and promotes health for individuals with MS.

«Quanta» Language Consciousness and Problems in the Functioning of the Communicative Norms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Татьяна Черкашина ◽  
Tatiana Cherkashina ◽  
Н. Новикова ◽  
N. Novikova ◽  
О. Трубина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the conceptualization of the world from the point of view of its methodological paradigm assessment in the context of the globalizing world. A retrospective analysis of the relationship between language and human speech activity is given. The authors explain the role of language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the formation of worldview systems that develop in the consciousness with the help of minimal units of human experience in their ideal meaningful representation in special concepts, which allows the individual to think within the boundaries of a certain linguistic picture of the world. Analyzes the problems of the functioning of communicative norms with regard to the hierarchy of the spiritual representations of the world. The article attempts to consider the impact of the “blurring” of the information boundaries of the globalizing world on the cognitive abilities of the individual in the nomination, qualification of the subject, phenomenon, process.

scholarly journals Motivace fanoušků fotbalu, hokeje a florbalu k návštěvě utkání profesionálních sportovních klubů

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Michal Jilka ◽  
Oldřich Racek
Keyword(s):  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The article deals with the motivation of consumers of professional sports clubs of football, hockey and floorball to visit matches. Despite the apparent small increase in long-term attendance in selected sports, the average number of visitors compared to foreign countries is significantly lower. The impact can have several aspects, ranging from the unattractive matches or the players who are playing for the club, the bad priced pricing policy of individual clubs, the lack of promotion of the match, etc. To find out the results, the questionnaire survey was used during the individual sports matches, processed and evaluated. It has been found that the most frequent motives for visiting sports matches of selected sports are primarily the people with whom the people go to the match and then the feeling of relaxation and the atmosphere associated with the given match. Ticket prices, even personalities and individuality who are playing for the club, don’t play a role in deciding process.

scholarly journals Taking Students on a Journey to El Yunque

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McGee ◽  
Jess K. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Science Curriculum ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Hurricane Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

As the developers of Journey to El Yunque, we have taken a different approach to the process of designing a science curriculum. Rather than start with a specific set of concepts or skills to target as learning outcomes, we started by identifying a specific community of practice to which we sought to connect students. Researchers in the El Yunque rainforest in Puerto Rico have been studying the impact of hurricanes on ecosystem dynamics and have been modeling what the long-term impact would be if changes to the global climate increase the frequency of severe hurricanes. Therefore, hurricane impact became the focal phenomenon for the unit. We modeled the process of investigating hurricane impact after the long-term ecological research practices of researchers in El Yunque. Students begin by investigating the long-term impact of hurricanes on the producers in El Yunque. Next students investigate the long-term impact of hurricanes on various consumers in the rainforest. Finally, students investigate how hurricanes impact the cycling of resources directly as well as indirectly through changes in organisms’ use of those resources in the rainforest. A central tension in the design process is how to coherently represent the spatial relationships between the components of the ecosystem and the temporal dynamics of the individual components. In this paper, we present the evolution of the program as we sought to balance that design tension and build an environment that connects students to the central phenomenon and practices of the community of researchers in El Yunque. 

Glocalizing cures for China’s brain drain ills

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kim ◽  
Ryan Michael Allen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Chinese Central Government’s plan to alleviate brain drain, called the Thousand Talents Plan, has been glocalized by three major local governments: Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong. Design/methodology/approach The lens of glocalization pays special attention to the impact of local reactions to global forces. Materials from the Recruitment Program of Global Experts for three major cases were examined for glocal characteristics. An analysis of each case was carried out to compare the strategies and implementations to explore the individual glocalizations and larger national similarities. Findings The findings show that each of the localities has distinct regional variations in their strategies: Shanghai utilized its economic prowess, Tianjin focused on clustering experts, and Guangdong maximized its geographic proximity to Hong Kong. At the same time, all three policies were still rooted in human capital development theory, with a keen emphasis to attracting migrants with greater propensity for staying long term in China. Originality/value The study of brain drain is important because it is a problem that plagues communities around the world, especially non-western societies. While China’s tactics to combat brain drain have been examined, the consideration of glocalization in the cases of Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong have not been carried out.

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