scholarly journals Antimicrobial Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Milk and Milk Based Beverages of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondaker Wahid Hasan ◽  
Nourin Tarannum ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The increase of pathogens in milk is threatening for the human beings. This is an investigation on overall microbiological analysis of raw and pasteurized milk as well as the milk-based beverages and also determining the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 100 samples (raw milk, pasteurized milk, mattha, lassi and laban) were taken from various locations of the capital city of Bangladesh, Dhaka. Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Yeast and Moulds Count were performed as the microbiological inspection of selected samples. E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus were identified by conducting morphological analysis, gram-staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also detected with 11 commonly used antibiotics by conducting disc-diffusion method, following the CLSI guideline. The TVC range was the highest in raw milk samples (3.8×104 – 4.1×108 cfu/ml), and the lowest in pasteurized milk samples (1.2×102 – 5.4×103 cfu/ml), while 70% raw milk and 10% pasteurized milk samples strains were above the acceptable limit of Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Thirty-six Escherichia coli and thirty-two Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from all the 100 milk and milk-based beverage samples. The isolated Escherichia coli strains were most resistant to Penicillin G (81.58%), Erythromycin (78.94%) and Ampicillin (73.68%), and isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were most resistant to Penicillin G (90.62%), Ampicillin (81.25%) and Methicillin (71.87%). respectively. Public awareness is needed to reduce the redundant use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Public health risks of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in raw bovine milk sold in informal markets in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Elmonir ◽  
Etab Abo-Remela ◽  
Azza Sobeih
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Informal Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Introduction: Milk is an important food in Egypt and most of it is sold as raw milk in informal markets. Methodology: This study was conducted to investigate the public health risks of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in milk sold in informal markets in Egypt. A total of 121 milk samples were analyzed for occurrence, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of E. coli and S. aureus. Results: A total of 35/121 (28.9%) of milk samples were contaminated with 16/121 (13.2%) E. coli, 22/121 (18.2%) S. aureus, and 3/121 (2.5%) both isolates. Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Enterotoxigenic S. aureus were detected in 5/121 (4.1%), 2/121 (1.7%) and 8/121 (6.6%) of the examined milk samples, respectively. Multiple drug resistances (MDRs) were showed by 14/16 (87.5%) and 21/22 (95.5%) of E. coli and S. aureus isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates showed high resistance for cephalothin (87.5%), ampicillin (68.8%) and tetracycline (68.8%), but were sensitive for gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Resistance phenotypes of E. coli were diverse; however, STEC isolates were significantly associated with co-resistance to cephalothin, ampicillin and tetracycline (P< 0.05). Two (9.1%) of S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) but sensitive to gentamicin (GS-MRSA). Five (22.7%) of S. aureus isolates were gentamicin-resistant methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (GR-MSSA). S. aureus isolates also showed high resistance for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (90.1%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (90.1%). Conclusion: These findings highlighted the potential public health hazards of E. coli and S. aureus pathogens in raw milk sold in informal markets in Egypt.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk sold in Kathmandu district

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Shyamala Rai ◽  
Barsha Karki ◽  
Sujita Humagain ◽  
Sandesh Rimal ◽  
Sandhya Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the presence of such isolates in milk pose a great risk to public health. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and assess the microbial quality of milk. For this, a total of 70 milk samples were collected and the total bacterial count (TBC) was determined. E. coli and S. aureus were isolated using their respective selective media while antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method. The TBC showed that the raw milk samples contained two-fold higher microbial load while the pasteurized milk samples contained four-fold higher microbial loads than the standard guidelines. A total of 62 isolates were identified from culture-positive milk samples of which 32 were E. coli and 30 were S. aureus. A significant correlation was observed between microbial load and the organism isolated (r = 0.339, p<0.01). All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to Chloramphenicol while 40% were resistant to Cefoxitin, indicating the presence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Also, 12 multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus were identified. While for E. coli, all were susceptible to Chloramphenicol but resistant to Ampicillin. Also, 9 MDR E. coli were detected. Higher resistance was observed among isolates from the raw milk samples than the pasteurized milk. It can be concluded that the milk produced by small-scale farms and dairy industries of Kathmandu district are of poor quality. Hence, routine microbial quality assessment and antimicrobial resistance monitoring should be followed to safeguard public health.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of some beta lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from raw milk samples in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
E. ENFERAD ◽  
S. MAHDAVI
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

Klebsiella pneumoniae have become an important cause of mastitis in dairy cows. Resistance to beta lactam antibiotics resulted from beta lactamases enzyme production. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of some beta lactamase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from raw milk samples in Iran. 200 raw cow milk samples were collected from different villages of north west of Iran. The samples were cultured and biochemical tests were performed for phenotypic diagnosis. Then, antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by antibiogram test. Finally, the presence of CTX, SHV and TEM genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was found by PCR method. Of total 200 raw cow milk samples, 80 samples (40%) contained Klebsiella pneumoniae. The frequency of CTX, SHV and TEM genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was 50 (62.5%), 34 (42.5%) and 70 (87.5%), respectively. 14 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (17.5%) possessed all three intended genes simultaneously. All strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (100%) were resistant to ampicillin. The most strains were resistant to ceftriaxone (75%), gentamicin (70%) and nitrofurantoin (70%). 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (5%) were resistant to all of tested antibiotics. The results showed high frequency of ESBLs and antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia samples isolated from raw milk. It may occur exchange of resistance genes within and across species and with commensal bacteria of the human and animals.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of mecA Gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Iranian Hamburger Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Momtaz Bokharaei ◽  
M.M. Soltan Dallal ◽  
M.R. Pourmand ◽  
Z. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Common Causes

Background: Among the bacteria that cause food poisoning, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of S. aureus strains in Iranian hamburgers, analysis of their antibiotic resistance pattern, and molecular detection of mecA gene in isolated strains. Methods: A total of 100 Iranian handmade (traditional) and packaged (factory-made) hamburger samples were investigated for the existence of S. aureus. The pattern of antibiotic resistance and the presence of mecA genes were investigated by disk diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software v. 24. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus isolated in handmade hamburgers was significantly (p=0.008) higher than packaged ones. Most of 39 isolated S. aureus strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (31 isolate), chloramphenicol (27 isolate), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (37 isolate). The highest antibiotic resistance was observed for penicillin G followed by oxacillin and tetracycline. All isolates were found susceptible to vancomycin and gentamicin. Six S. aureus isolates which were evaluated for methicillin-resistance, contained the mecA gene. Conclusion: The high presence of the S. aureus in Iranian hamburgers and the remarkable antibiotic resistance emphasize the need for policies which enforce hygienic practices within the food industry and fast food outlets.

Occurrence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in streetvended beverages accessible in an industrial zone of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mueena Jahan ◽  
S. M. Mostafizur Rahaman Sumon ◽  
Abu Sadeque Md. Selim ◽  
Md. Morshedur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The street-vended fruit beverages are considered as a source of disease causing microorganisms despite their high consumer demand and nutritional value. The study was conducted for the assessment of antibiotic resistance food-borne pathogens in street-vended fruit beverages available in an industrial zone of Bangladesh. A total of 50 samples constituting five different types of street-vended fruit beverages were collected from Gazipur city of Bangladesh. All the samples were examined for total viable microbial count followed by isolation, identification and antibiogram profile of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The total viable microbial count ranged from 2.3 to 8.9 log cfu/ml suggesting a significant bacterial load that exceeds the maximum permitted level of microbial load for freshly extracted fruit juices. Of the 50 samples, 29 (58.0%) were appeared as Staphylococcus aureus positive and 24 (48.0%) samples were contaminated with Escherichia coli. Antibiogram profile revealed Staphylococcus aureus resistance to penicillin (82.8%), amoxicillin (75.9%) and oxacillin (17.2%). The resistance to β-lactam antibiotic like oxacillin indicates the presence of highly pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus which is obviously a potent public health issue. In contrary, Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%) and erythromycin (100%). All the isolates were found highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated organisms could complicate the treatment of food-borne illness in people. Development of holistic approach and their effective application could ensure the hygienic quality of these beverages as well as the health standard of the consumers.

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