Assessment of the Microbiological Quality and Biochemical Parameters of Traditional Hard Xinotyri Cheese Made from Raw or Pasteurized Goat Milk

Traditional hard Xinotyri cheese was manufactured using raw or pasteurized goat milk, without starter cultures, and the changes in microbiological and biochemical characteristics were studied during ripening and storage. Mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) predominated (>8.5 log CFU/g) in freshly fermented Xinotyri cheeses (pH 4.5–4.6), regardless of milk pasteurization. Enterobacteria, pseudomonads and staphylococci were suppressed below 6 and 4–5 log CFU/g in fresh cheeses from raw and pasteurized milk, respectively. Salmonella and Listeria spp. were absent in 25 g cheese samples. Coagulase-positive staphylococci exceeded the 5-log safety threshold in fresh raw milk cheeses, which also had 10-fold higher levels of enterococci than pasteurized milk cheeses. Non-LAB groups declined <100 CFU/g, whereas yeasts increased to 5–6 log CFU/g in both cheeses during ripening. Milk pasteurization affected the protein, fat, ash, moisture, nitrogen fractions, total free fatty acids and total free amino acids content of cheeses. Primary proteolysis, detectable by urea-PAGE, was more intense in raw milk cheeses than in pasteurized milk cheeses. However, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic peptides and their ratio in the water-soluble fraction were similar in both cheeses. Cheeses discriminated clearly according to the milk kind (raw, pasteurized) and the stage of ripening, based on the examined biochemical characteristics.

Total plate count of commercial pasteurized milk sold by street vendors in Mulyorejo sub-district Surabaya

Food and nutritional quality of society is one of mine focuses of the government. Milk have complete nutrients but also can be the source food borne disease. The Veterinary Public Health itself has the responsibility to provide guarantees of food safety from animal resources which is called ASUH (safe, healthy, wholesome and halal) to be consumed by society. This study aimed to know the Total Plate Count of commercial pasteurized milk sold by street vendors in Mulyorejo Sub-district Surabaya. The study was conducted from January until February 2018 at the Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Thirty samples of commercial pasteurized milk were bought from three street vendors then examined using Pour Plate Method of Total Plate Count. Total Plate Count result showed that the number of bacteria in commercial pasteurized milk sold by street vendors in Mulyorejo Sub-district Surabaya was 1.0 x 104 CFU/ml, that met the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) 01-3951-1995.

Smart Label with Color Indicator Made of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) on The Bottle Packaging of Pasteurized Milk

Smart label has made it possible to monitor and communicate information about the quality of packaged foods. Smart label is immobilized with natural dyes that are sensitive to changes in pH, namely anthocyanins. The product used in this research is pasteurized milk. The pH quality of milk will affect the storage temperature. The purpose of this study was to develop a prototype smart label of purple sweet potato’s anthocyanin extract and to determine the feasibility of a smart label on the packaging as an indicator of milk freshness. Purple sweet potato extract was obtained by the maceration method using 96% ethanol and aquadest, which was acidified with acetic acid. The anthocyanin extract had a pH value of 5.60 ± 0.015 and an anthocyanin value of 70,163 ± 0.889 mg/100 g. The smart label shows milk freshness indicated by the changes in color. While a purple color indicates fresh milk, a faded purple color indicates that the milk is fairly fresh, and a reddish-purple smart label indicates the milk is not fresh. At room temperature storage, stale milk at 12 hours has a pH value of 5.84 ± 0.022 and a total microbe of 5.81 log10 or 6.5 x 105. In cold storage, stale milk on day 6 has a pH value of 5.92 ± 0.017 and a total microbe of 6.08 log10 or 1.2 x 106. The results of the feasibility of smart labels on pH stability indicate color changes in both acidic and alkaline conditions, but more stability is evident in acidic conditions.

PELATIHAN SUSU PASTEURISASI, YOGHURT DAN CARA PENGEMASANNYA DALAM PENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PANTI ASUHAN HIMATUN AYAT

Himmatun Ayat was an orphanage located on Jalan Dukuh Kupang, Surabaya, East Java which aimed to build public awareness of orphans, poor people, and neglected children in achieving their goals for a better future. The problems faced by the Himmatun Ayat orphanage during the COVID-19 pandemic were the decline in turnover and market saturation for their products. The solution was to evoke entrepreneurship development during the pandemic with innovation and technology by providing training on the manufacture of various flavors pasteurized milk, yogurt, and packaging methods to increase the economic value of the product so it could increase the income of the Himmatun Ayat Orphanage. The implementation of this activity was carried out by three methods: 1. Counseling, 2. Training, and 3. Monitoring and evaluation. The result obtained from this community service was all participants displayed the results of pasteurized milk and yogurt products as well as good packaging according to what was conveyed. The successful application of technology through community service could increase the income and welfare of the Himmatun Ayat Orphanage.Keywords: pasteurized milk, yogurt, packaging, orphanage, community service. AbstrakHimmatun Ayat merupakan lembaga panti asuhan yang di Jalan Dukuh Kupang, Surabaya, Jawa Timur yang bertujuan membangun kepedulian masyarakat kepada anak-anak yatim, kaum dhuafa dan anak terlantar dalam meraih cita-cita menuju masa depan yang lebih baik. Permasalahan yang dihadapi panti asuhan Himmatun Ayat saat pandemi COVID-19 ini adalah penurunan omset dan kejenuhan pasar terhadap produk mereka. Solusinya membangkitkan pengembangan kewirausahaan di masa pandemi dengan inovasi dan teknologi dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan produk susu pasteurisasi aneka rasa, yoghurt dan cara pengemasannya untuk menambah nilai ekonomis produk sehingga meningkatkan pendapatan Panti Asuhan Himmatun Ayat. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan tiga metode: 1) Penyuluhan, 2) Pelatihan, dan 3) Monitoringdan evaluasi. Hasil yang didapat dari pengabdian masyarakat ini semua peserta menampilkan hasil produk susu pasteurisasi dan yoghurt serta kemasan yang bagus sesuai dengan yang disampaikan. Keberhasilan pengaplikasian teknologi melalui pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan Panti Asuhan Himmatun Ayat.Kata kunci: susu pasteurisasi, yoghurt, pengemasan, panti asuhan, pengabdian masyarakat.

Hedonic perception and preference analysis of double cream cheeses formulated with raw and pasteurized milk

Objective: To compare the characteristics of double cream cheeses made with raw and pasteurized milk per liking and preference level. Design/Methodology/Approach: Cheeses from three brands were evaluated: Santa Teresa, Montero, and Colegio de Postgraduados (CP). The first two cheeses were formulated with raw milk, while the CP cheese was formulated with pasteurized milk inoculated with lactic cultures. The hedonic perception study was carried out in monadic series with 19 volunteers who blind tasted the three types of cheese. The evaluation attributes were: appearance, taste, aroma, and general acceptability on a 9-point scale; and saltiness, acidity, and creaminess on a 3-point scale (JAR). Preferences were evaluated by rank and multiple comparison tests. Results: No differences were found in the aroma, taste, and texture liking level of the cheeses (p>0.05); nevertheless, there were differences in the appearance and general acceptance (p˂0.05). The general acceptance of the CP cheese was significantly lower than that of the two raw milk cheeses (p˂0.05). The penalty analysis showed that low acidity and low creaminess attributes are related to a low general acceptance (p˂0.05). Limitations/Implications: The study has enough evaluations for statistical tests. Findings/Conclusions: Raw milk cheeses obtained the highest marks in all attributes. Determining if there are other sensory attributes —in addition to those that were the subject of this study— will help to explain the greater preference and global acceptance of raw milk cheeses.

Performance analysis of milk processing units to support competitive improvement of the milk processing industry in Padang Panjang City, West Sumatera Province

Dairy cattle productivity has plateaued; average milk production ranges between 8 and 12 liters per day, on a scale of 2-3 maintenance per family breeder breeding. Furthermore, small farms account for 90% of milk production. Permata Ibu’s Milk Processing Unit (UPS) in Padang Panjang is one of the business units that processes milk into other derivative products. It produces processed milk pasteurization, yogurt, and other products. The focus of this research was to analyze UPS Permata Ibu’s processing performance by calculating the amount of added value and profitability. As measured by the value-added method of performance measurement, the processing of fresh milk into pasteurized milk and yogurt at Permata Ibu milk processing unit generates a variety of added values. Pasteurized milk has better processing performance than yogurt processing, as evidenced by its high added value compared to other processed products, with added value ratios of 22,45 percent and 12,50 percent for pasteurized milk and yogurt, respectively. Based on profitability analysis, it is known that pasteurized milk is still better than yogurt because it has a higher profitability value of 30,30% compared to yogurt, which is only 6,50%. Pasteurized milk processing results in higher profitability and added value than yogurt.