Developing Algorithms and Programs for an Artificial Lung Ventilator

I. I. Artamonov; M. A. Al Akkad

doi:10.22213/2410-9304-2020-3-4-19

Developing Algorithms and Programs for an Artificial Lung Ventilator

Intellekt Sist Proizv ◽

10.22213/2410-9304-2020-3-4-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

I. I. Artamonov ◽

M. A. Al Akkad

Keyword(s):

Artificial Lung ◽

Lung Ventilator

Описаны алгоритмы и программы для аппарата искусственной вентиляции легких, которые обеспечивают различные режимы работы аппарата. Работа является актуальной в условиях пандемии COVID-19 в связи с возросшим спросом на данные устройства.Цель исследования – разработка программного комплекса для микроконтроллера STM32L151ZDTx-LQFP144, используемого на переносном аппарате ИВЛ Axion A-IVL-E-03 и обеспечивающего работу в различных режимах вентиляции, графическое отображение динамики дыхания на дисплее и подачу оператору голосовых подсказок и световых сигналов во время работы. Разработанные алгоритмы также предназначены для управления периферийными устройствами и контроля правильности их работы, разрешения аварийных ситуаций с помощью дисплея, голосовых подсказок и световой индикации. Кроме того, в качестве инструмента, который позволяет врачу понять важное взаимодействие между входными параметрами пациента (частота, давление в дыхательных путях и степень вдоха) и клинически важными параметрами (дыхательный объем, средний объем минутной вентиляции), предложены математические модели вентиляции легких с контролируемым давлением. Реализация данных математических моделей показала их применимость для симуляции данных сложных процессов. Разработан удобный и интуитивно понятный графический пользовательский интерфейс.В статье также приводится сравнение существующих аналогов с предложенными разработками.

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Artificial Lung Ventilator Working in the Hyperbaric Chamber

2006 International Conference on Applied Electronics ◽

10.1109/ae.2006.4382996 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Milan Stork ◽

Jiri Ruzicka

Keyword(s):

Artificial Lung ◽

Hyperbaric Chamber ◽

Lung Ventilator

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The effect of an initiative artificial lung on hemodynamic parameter based on lumped parameter model

Environmental Science and Biological Engineering ◽

10.2495/esbe140931 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

J.Y. Chang ◽

Y. Chang ◽

B. Gao ◽

K.Y. Gu ◽

J. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hemodynamic Parameter ◽

Artificial Lung ◽

Lumped Parameter Model ◽

Lumped Parameter

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Progressive Early Rehabilitation Program Applied to Patients with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

Russian neurological Journal ◽

10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-3-17-25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 17-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. R. Ramazanov ◽

L. B. Zavaliy ◽

L. L. Semenov ◽

S. A. Abudeev ◽

A. O. Ptitsyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Accident ◽

Lung Ventilation ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Artificial Lung ◽

Early Rehabilitation ◽

Gravity Gradient ◽

Acute Cerebrovascular Accident ◽

Artificial Lung Ventilation ◽

Bed Days ◽

Severity Of The Disease

Abstract. Early rehabilitation (ER) of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident (ACA) is one of the priority tasks of the vascular centers; the issue of increasing the volume of rehabilitation measures in the resuscitation and intensive care units (ICU) is relevant. Objective. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the progressive ER program in patients with ACA. Material and research methods. The study included 129 patients with ACA in ICU. Each patient of the main group (MGr, n = 61) underwent progressive ER: at least 4–5 vertical adjustments per day, passive mode Kinesiotherapy 49 ± 9.3 minutes, a double load of physiotherapy exercises, preventive physiotherapy; the total time of classes reached 240 minutes per day. In the comparison group (СGr, n = 68), standard ER was performed no more than 120 minutes per day. The groups are comparable by sex, age, severity of the disease and comorbidity. The severity of ACA, the gravity gradient, patient mobility, functional status, degree of dependence, and the presence of complications were evaluated. Results. During a month of work with the MGr, 102 ICU bed-days, 94 days of the artificial lung ventilation use, p < 0.05 were saved. Mortality in MGr decreased -— 8 patients (13.1%) versus 14 (20.6%) in CGr (p < 0.05). In patients within CGr, pulmonary thromboembolism developed in 8.8%, in MGr – in 3.3%. The severity of the apoplectic attack decreased ( by 28% in MGr, and by 20% in CGr ), mobility increased. Comparing the modalities of post resuscitationsyndrome in MGr, it was noted that the score decreased by 2 times from 6 [5; 6] to 3 [2.3; 3.3], but it has not changed in the CGr. Patients in the MGr were 2-–3 days earlier adapted to the vertical adjustment. Conclusions. The progressive ER program in ICU is safe, effective, realisable, and allows reducing the number of bed-days in ICU, the number of days of the artificial lung ventilation use, complications, and mortality in comparison with standard medical care.

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Validation of iterative CT reconstruction by inter and intra observer performance assessment of artificial lung foci

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2020-3137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 534-537

Author(s):

Britta König ◽

Nika Guberina ◽

Hilmar Kühl ◽

Waldemar Zylka

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Artificial Lung ◽

Observer Performance ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Ct Reconstruction ◽

Perfect Agreement ◽

Observer Reliability ◽

Iterative Ct Reconstruction ◽

Extension Ring

AbstractWe investigate the suitability of statistical and model-based iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm strengths and their influence on image quality and diagnostic performance in low-dose computer tomography (CT) protocols for lung-cancer screening procedures. We evaluate the inter- and intra-observer performance for the assessment of iterative CT reconstruction. Artificial lung foci shaped as spheres and spicules made from material with calibrated Hounsfield units were pressed within layered granules in lung lobes of an anthropomorphic phantom. Adaptively, a soft-tissue- and fat- extension ring were attached. The phantom with foci was scanned using standard high contrast, low-dose and ultra lowdose protocols. For reconstruction the IR algorithm ADMIRE at four different strength levels were used. Two ranking tests and Friedman statistics were performed. Fleiss k and modified Cohen’s kneywere used to quantify inter- and intra-observer performance. In conjunction with the standard lung kernel BL75 radiologists evaluated medium to high IR strength, with preference to S4, as suitable for lung foci detection. When varying reconstruction kernels the ranking became more random than with varying phantom diameter. The inter-observer reliability shows poor to slight agreement expressed by k<0 and k=0-0.20 . For the intra-observer reliability non- agreement with kney=0-0.20and moderate agreement with kney=0.60-0.79 for the first ranking test, and almost perfect agreement with kney>0.90 for the second ranking test was observed. In conclusion, our validation suggests radiological preference of medium to high iteration strengths, especially S4, for lung foci detection. An investigation of the correlation between diagnostic experience and the subjective perception of IR reconstructed CT images still needs to be investigated.

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Validation of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring using an artificial lung during adult pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/0391398820987855 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 039139882098785

Author(s):

Lawrence Garrison ◽

Jeffrey B Riley ◽

Steve Wysocki ◽

Jennifer Souai ◽

Hali Julick

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Blood Gas Analysis ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Artificial Lung ◽

Blood Gas ◽

Median Difference ◽

Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide ◽

Arterial Blood

Measurements of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcCO2) have been used in multiple venues, such as during procedures utilizing jet ventilation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as well as both the adult and neo-natal ICUs. However, tcCO2 measurements have not been validated under conditions which utilize an artificial lung, such cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The purpose of this study was to (1) validate the use of tcCO2 using an artificial lung during CPB and (2) identify a location for the sensor that would optimize estimation of PaCO2 when compared to the gold standard of blood gas analysis. tcCO2 measurements ( N = 185) were collected every 30 min during 54 pulsatile CPB procedures. The agreement/differences between the tcCO2 and the PaCO2 were compared by three sensor locations. Compared to the earlobe or the forehead, the submandibular PtcCO2 values agreed best with the PaCO2 and with a median difference of –.03 mmHg (IQR = 5.4, p < 0.001). The small median difference and acceptable IQR support the validity of the tcCO2 measurement. The multiple linear regression model for predicting the agreement between the submandibular tcCO2 and PaCO2 included the SvO2, the oxygenator gas to blood flow ratio, and the native perfusion index ( R2 = 0.699, df = 1, 60; F = 19.1, p < 0.001). Our experience in utilizing tcCO2 during CPB has demonstrated accuracy in estimating PaCO2 when compared to the gold standard arterial blood gas analysis, even during CO2 flooding of the surgical field.

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Applying a Hydrophilic Modified Hollow Fiber Membrane to Reduce Fouling in Artificial Lungs

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8080113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Nawaf Alshammari ◽

Meshari Alazmi ◽

Vajid Nettoor Veettil

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Artificial Lung ◽

Hollow Fiber Membranes ◽

Fiber Membrane ◽

Hydrophilic Modification ◽

Protein Fouling ◽

Time Periods

Membranes for use in high gas exchange lung applications are riddled with fouling. The goal of this research is to create a membrane that can function in an artificial lung until the actual lung becomes available for the patient. The design of the artificial lung is based on new hollow fiber membranes (HFMs), due to which the current devices have short and limited periods of low fouling. By successfully modifying membranes with attached peptoids, low fouling can be achieved for longer periods of time. Hydrophilic modification of porous polysulfone (PSF) membranes can be achieved gradually by polydopamine (PSU-PDA) and peptoid (PSU-PDA-NMEG5). Polysulfone (PSU-BSA-35Mg), polysulfone polydopamine (PSUPDA-BSA-35Mg) and polysulfone polydopamine peptoid (PSU-PDA-NMEG5-BSA35Mg) were tested by potting into the new design of gas exchange modules. Both surfaces of the modified membranes were found to be highly resistant to protein fouling permanently. The use of different peptoids can facilitate optimization of the low fouling on the membrane surface, thereby allowing membranes to be run for significantly longer time periods than has been currently achieved.

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