scholarly journals Design and Analysis of CMOS Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Using VLSI Technology

Author(s):  
Saurabh J. Shewale

Abstract: This paper proffers comparative research of Complementary MOSFET (CMOS) of the Phase Lock Loop (PPL) circuit. Our approach is based on hybrid design Phase Lock Loop (PLL) circuits combined in a single unit. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is used in space communication for synchronization purposes also very useful in time to digital converters and in instrumentation engineering. A phased lock loop (PLL) is a control system that makes an output signal whose frequency depends on the input phase difference. The phase detector takes the phase of an input signal and compares it with the phase procured from its output oscillator regulates the frequency of its oscillator to manage the phase matches. Different techniques like analogue and digital simulation with the help of mathematical/logical connections are found in Research to create the Phase Locked Loop (PLL). This limitation can be overcome by replicating the circuit block whose supply voltage is being reduced to manage the same throughout. This paper includes design features for low power phase-locked loop using Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology. The signal from the phase detector controls the oscillator in a feedback loop. As such: an operational device the PLL has a wide range of applications in computers sciences, telecommunication, and electronic system applications; we aim to design and examine the phase lock loop circuit in multiple technologies and examine their power capacity. By using the hybrid structure of NMOS and PMOS, here we have achieved the circuit of Phase Lock Loop (PLL) using VLSI technology. Keywords: Technology, CMOS, Phase lock loop, Micro wind, Voltage control oscillator, VLSI technology.

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Anani ◽  
Omar Al-Kharji ◽  
Prasad Ponnapalli ◽  
Saleh Al-Araji ◽  
Mahmoud Al-Qutayri

The increased generation of electrical energy from renewable sources and its integration into the low voltage grid have necessitated regulations governing the connection of renewable energy generators to the grid. This was deemed necessary to preserve the integrity and the correct operation of the grid. This paper presents a new architecture of a hybrid phase lock loop circuit topology for synchronizing a single-phase inverter fed from a renewable energy source such as a photovoltaic (PV) generator to the low voltage grid. The system uses a digital phase lock loop (DPLL) architecture, which is based on the arctan phase detector, driving a phase lock loop (PLL) to synchronize a PV inverter with the grid. The proposed system has been tested by simulation using simulink/matlab. The test results demonstrate the ability of the system to synchronize a PV inverter with the grid and to re-establish synchronization following a sudden perturbation in the grid voltage such as a single or a multistep change in phase. The system is digital and can be readily implemented using an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and hence can be easily embedded in a home or small scale single-phase PV inverter.


2018 ◽  
Vol 924 ◽  
pp. 953-957
Author(s):  
Hazem Elgabra ◽  
Amna Siddiqui ◽  
Shakti Singh

The increasing demand for electronics in harsh environment applications has inspired investigation of silicon carbide (SiC)-based devices and circuits, due to its superior electrical properties. Several researchers have demonstrated the viability of 4H-SiC control circuitry by developing small scale logic circuits entirely in 4H-SiC. However, development and design of memory elements, which is a critical component in any electronic system, is still not fully explored. To bridge this gap, this paper presents, a complete bipolar, static random access memory (SRAM) column that includes the memory cell and the peripheral circuitry, designed to exploit the unique properties of SiC. Simulation results for the proposed memory show stable operation across a wide range of temperatures (27 °C – 500 °C) with good noise margins and access speeds while running at a supply voltage as low as 5 V. This work validates the potential of developing memory architectures in 4H-SiC, paving the way for realizing small-sized digital systems for harsh environments.


2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 20048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Steed ◽  
Francesca Pozzi ◽  
Martyn J. Fice ◽  
Cyril C. Renaud ◽  
David C. Rogers ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Khudchenko ◽  
V. P. Koshelets ◽  
A. B. Ermakov ◽  
P. N. Dmitriev

Author(s):  
Nader A. Anani ◽  
Omar A. Al-Kharji ◽  
Prasad V. Ponnapalli ◽  
Saleh R. Al-Araji ◽  
Mahmoud A. Al-Qutayri

The increased generation of electrical energy from renewable sources and its integration into the low voltage grid, has necessitated regulations governing the connection of renewable energy generators to the grid. This was deemed necessary to preserve the integrity and the correct operation of the grid. This paper presents a new architecture of a hybrid phase lock loop circuit topology for synchronizing a single-phase inverter fed from a renewable energy source such as a photovoltaic (PV) generator to the low voltage grid. The system uses a digital phase lock loop (DPLL) architecture, which is based on the arctan phase detector, driving a phase lock loop (PLL) to synchronize a PV generator with the grid voltage. The proposed system has been tested by simulation using Simulink/Matlab. The test results demonstrate the ability of the system to synchronize a PV inverter with the grid and to re-establish synchronization following a sudden perturbation in the grid voltage such as a single or a multi-step change in phase.


Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.


Author(s):  
О. Кravchuk ◽  
V. Symonenkov ◽  
I. Symonenkova ◽  
O. Hryhorev

Today, more than forty countries of the world are engaged in the development of military-purpose robots. A number of unique mobile robots with a wide range of capabilities are already being used by combat and intelligence units of the Armed forces of the developed world countries to conduct battlefield intelligence and support tactical groups. At present, the issue of using the latest information technology in the field of military robotics is thoroughly investigated, and the creation of highly effective information management systems in the land-mobile robotic complexes has acquired a new phase associated with the use of distributed information and sensory systems and consists in the transition from application of separate sensors and devices to the construction of modular information subsystems, which provide the availability of various data sources and complex methods of information processing. The purpose of the article is to investigate the ways to increase the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes using in a non-deterministic conditions of modern combat. Relevance of researches is connected with the necessity of creation of highly effective information and control systems in the perspective robotic means for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine. The development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine management system based on the criteria adopted by the EU and NATO member states is one of the main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the use of forces (forces), which involves achieving the principles and standards necessary for Ukraine to become a member of the EU and NATO. The inherent features of achieving these criteria will be the transition to a reduction of tasks of the combined-arms units and the large-scale use of high-precision weapons and land remote-controlled robotic devices. According to the views of the leading specialists in the field of robotics, the automation of information subsystems and components of the land-mobile robotic complexes can increase safety, reliability, error-tolerance and the effectiveness of the use of robotic means by standardizing the necessary actions with minimal human intervention, that is, a significant increase in the autonomy of the land-mobile robotic complexes for the needs of Land Forces of Ukraine.


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