Evaluation of mothers' knowledge about oral rehydration therapy and sodium concentration in homemade sugar salt solutions

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) as an appropriate technology in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal diseases (ADD) has been accepted throughout the world. It has been proved that besides lifesaving, ORT has reduced about 70-80% of the use of intravenous solution and average cost of the treatment of ADD. If there is still problem, question or doubtfulness, is the use of WHO ORS in full concentration for the neonates and young infants less than 3 months of age. During one-year period it has been treated 72 cases of ADD in young infants less than 3 months of age with moderate dehydration. They were divided into 3 groups. The first group was treated with 100 mil kg bw of fluid consisting oftwothirds as WHO ORS in full concentration for 4 hours period and the rest, one-third, was given as plain water for 2 hours period. The second group was treated with kristalyte with the Na concentration of 51 mEq/L and the third group was treated with intravenous Ringer's lactate for 6 hours period. After the end of the study only 18 patients in each group could be matched and evaluated. From clinical observation and laboratory examinations, the result of the treatment in general, statistically shows no significant difference. Diarrhoea and vomiting stopped in all groups on the second day of treatment. Hyponatremia which occurred in 3 patients in Group I and 2 patients each in Group II and III improved after 6 hours of treatment. Acidosis was corrected in all of the treatment groups in 6 hours period. Weight gain up to 6-9% of body weight on admission was achieved after 6 hours of treatment in all groups. No complication of hypernatremia, convulsion nor hypoglycaemia in all the treatment group. From this study it could be concluded that WHO ORS is quite safe and effective as ORS with low sodium concentration and intravenous treatment, as far as it is given slowly, little by little with a strict supervision.

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Oral Rehydration Therapy: WHO at 40, ORT at 30

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/1989/138105 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonathan LaPook ◽

Richard N. Fedorak

Keyword(s):

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Low Cost ◽

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Sodium Concentration ◽

Developed Countries ◽

World Health ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Rehydration Solutions ◽

Health Organization

Oral rehydration therapy may prove to be mankind's most significant therapeutic advance this century. Diarrheal disease remains the number one killer of children in the world and is a major cause of illness within Canada and other developed countries. Since its discovery 30 years ago, oral rehydration therapy, comprising glucose, salt and water, has been a simple and low cost treatment for people with life threatening diarrheal disease. Recent developments in solutions for oral rehydration therapy have led to the recognition chat the existing World Health Organization glucose based oral replacement salt could be improved. ln commercially available rehydration solutions, the sodium concentration has been lowered to reduce hypernatremia in noncholera induced diarrhea. Citrate has replaced bicarbonate as the base in oral replacement solutions to pro long shelf life. Organic substrates to replace glucose and enhance intestinal fluid and electrolyte absorption without osmotic penalty are being examined. However, their acceptance and proper utilization in developing countries remains to be determined.

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Issues and Controversies in the Evolution of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6010034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

David Nalin

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Sodium Balance ◽

Plain Water ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Low Sodium ◽

Current Review ◽

The Subject ◽

Rehydration Solution

The original studies demonstrating the efficacy of oral glucose-electrolytes solutions in reducing or eliminating the need for intravenous therapy to correct dehydration caused by acute watery diarrheas (AWD) were focused chiefly on cholera patients. Later research adapted the oral therapy (ORT) methodology for treatment of non-cholera AWDs including for pediatric patients. These adaptations included the 2:1 regimen using 2 parts of the original WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS) formulation followed by 1 part additional plain water, and a “low sodium” packet formulation with similar average electrolyte and glucose concentrations when dissolved in the recommended volume of water. The programmatic desire for a single ORS packet formulation has led to controversy over use of the “low sodium” formulations to treat cholera patients. This is the subject of the current review, with the conclusion that use of the low-sodium ORS to treat cholera patients leads to negative sodium balance, leading to hyponatremia and, in severe cases, particularly in pediatric cholera, to seizures and other complications of sodium depletion. Therefore it is recommended that two separate ORS packet formulations be used, one for cholera therapy and the other for non-cholera pediatric AWD.

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Oral rehydration therapy training and clinical simulation experience to improve students’ confidence in preparation for international medical mission trip to Nicaragua

Journal of European CME ◽

10.1080/21614083.2017.1310419 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1310419

Author(s):

Jeremie D. Oliver ◽

John Bachman

Keyword(s):

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

International Medical ◽

Medical Mission ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Clinical Simulation ◽

Therapy Training

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Oral Rehydration Therapy

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine ◽

10.1001/archpedi.156.12.1177 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 156 (12) ◽

pp. 1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mathuram Santosham

Keyword(s):

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Oral Rehydration

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Oral rehydration therapy in diarrhea

Postgraduate Medicine ◽

10.1080/00325481.1983.11698517 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 335-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jay Swedberg ◽

Joseph F. Steiner

Keyword(s):

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Oral Rehydration

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Efficacy of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii as an Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Childhood Diarrhoea

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v36i3.15539 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 250-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dillip Kumar Dash ◽

Mrutunjaya Dash ◽

M.D. Mohanty ◽

Naresh Acharya

Keyword(s):

Hospital Stay ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Saccharomyces Boulardii ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Group 2 ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Administration of S. boulardii in addition to rehydration therapy in diarrhea found to be beneficial in many aspects owing to a variety of causes and importantly it is was not associated with any adverse effects.Material and Methods: We conducted a prospective study of children suffering from acute diarrhoea, at a private tertiary care hospital. Children were divided into 2 groups randomly as per odd(Group 1 ) and even (Group 2) bed allotted in indoor at the time of admission: Group 1 included children on oral rehydration therapy (ORT) + Zinc + Saccharomyces boulardii (Probiotic 5 billion CFU twice daily) and Group 2 comprised of children on ORT+ Zinc. Our objective was to systematically review data on the effect of S. boulardii on acute childhood diarrhoea.Results: Out of a total of 126 children less than 2 years, 2-6 years and 6-14 years were 72 (57.14%), 42(33.33%) and 12(09.52%) respectively. The duration of diarrhoea in Group 1 was 26.31 hours and Group 2 was 47.81 hours (p<0.01). The frequency of diarrhoea showed improvement within 24 and 72 hours in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p<0.01).Similarly, the mean duration of hospital stay was 2.68 days in Group 1 and 4.8 days in Group 2.The treatment cost was INR 850 and INR 1650 while social cost was INR 1250 and 2600 in Group 1 and 2 respectively.Conclusion:This study shows that S. boulardii reduced the duration, frequency and hospital stay of diarrhoea thereby reducing the treatment and social costs.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(3):250-255

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Hypernatraemia, acute diarrhoea, and oral rehydration therapy

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/0140-6736(92)90982-9 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 339 (8798) ◽

pp. 936

Author(s):

M.J.G. Farthing

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Oral Rehydration

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An epidemic of cholera due toVibrio choleraeO139 in Dhaka, Bangladesh: clinical and epidemiological features

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800051165 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 463-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D. Mahalanabis ◽

A. S. G. Faruque ◽

M. J. Albert ◽

M. A. Salam ◽

S. S. Hoque

Keyword(s):

Oral Rehydration Therapy ◽

Watery Diarrhoea ◽

Large Hospital ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Disease Spectrum ◽

Intravenous Rehydration ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

History Of ◽

Culture Positive

SUMMARYWe describe the disease spectrum and socio-demographic and epidemiological features of an epidemic of cholera due to a new pathogen.Vibrio choleraeO139, in patients attending a very large hospital in the metropolitan city of Dhaka, Bangladesh.This hospital treats 70000–90000 patients a year with diarrhoeal diseases. A 4% systematic sample of 1854 patients attending from January to April 1993 were studied.Five hundred and two (27%) of the 1854 patients were culture positive forV. choleraeO139 and 63 (3%) were culture positive forV. choleraeO1 biotype El Tor. Patients withV. choleraeO139 were mainly adults with a short history of watery diarrhoea. Eight-three percent of patients had moderate to severe dehydration. All recovered except one 80-year-old man with compromised renal function who died. Seventy-eight percent of patients required initial intravenous rehydration followed by oral rehydration therapy with rice ORS; they also received tetracycline to reduce diarrhoea severity. Most patients were from urban slums with inadequate sanitation facilities and hygiene practices.The newly recognizedV. choleraeO139 infection produced an epidemic of severe dehydrating diarrhoea indistinguishable from clinical cholera in a population which experiences two epidemic peaks of cholera in a year due toV. choleraeO1. Infection with the latter does not appear to confer any cross-protection fromV. choleraeO139. The new pathogen suppressed, albeit temporarily,V. choleraeO1. Unlike other non-O1 serogroups ofV. choleraethis new serogroup appears to have epidemic potential.

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