Including the new HERA data, the γ*p total cross-section is analyzed in the generalized vector dominance/color-dipole picture (GVD/CDP) that contains scaling in [Formula: see text], where Λ2(W2) is an increasing function of W2. At any Q2, for W2→∞, the cross-sections for virtual and real photons become identical, σγ*p (W2,Q2)/σγp (W2)→ 1. The gluon density deduced from the color-dipole cross-section fulfills the leading order DGLAP relationship. Evolution à la DGLAP breaks down for η≲0.1.
In polyethylene single crystals pairs of black and white lines spaced 700-3,000Å apart, parallel to the [100] and [010] directions, have been identified as microsector boundaries. A microsector is formed when the plane of chain folding changes over a small distance within a polymer crystal. In order for the different types of folds to accommodate at the boundary between the 2 fold domains, a staggering along the chain direction and a rotation of the chains in the plane of the boundary occurs. The black-white contrast from a microsector boundary can be explained in terms of these chain rotations. We demonstrate that microsectors can terminate within the crystal and interpret the observed terminal strain contrast in terms of a screw dislocation dipole model.