Raspberry Pi-based mobile system of the pupil size evaluation

The article considers development of a human pupil measuring system on the Raspberry platform. The system is aimed at evaluating the variations of the human pupil diameter or area in the process of watching test images or video recordings. To reduce the interference from the eye surface the camera uses a band-stop color glass filter PS 13. In order to increase the pupil image contrast, IR LED backlighting of the eye is implemented. To provide the mobility of the system, battery power of the single-board computer was used while the registered image and the measurement results were transmitted via a Wi-Fi channel. The video camera and the single-board computer Raspberry Pi 4 with the battery bay are attached to the head-mounted flexible belt. The article gives the operation duration evaluation of the battery-supplied system. During the first stage of image processing, binarization by the threshold was performed. The threshold is determined by the image brightness histogram. Since the study is focused on relative variations of the pupil size, the pupil diameter or area values in pixels were chosen as informative parameters. The image recording and processing frequency in the system equalled 25 Hz that provides accurate recording of the pupil variations.

Dijet impact factor in DIS at next-to-leading order in the Color Glass Condensate

We compute the next-to-leading order impact factor for inclusive dijet production in deeply inelastic electron-nucleus scattering at small xBj. Our computation, performed in the framework of the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory, includes all real and virtual contributions in the gluon shock wave background of all-twist lightlike Wilson line correlators. We demonstrate explicitly that the rapidity evolution of these correlators, to leading logarithmic accuracy, is described by the JIMWLK Hamiltonian. When combined with the next-to-leading order JIMWLK Hamiltonian, our results for the impact factor improve the accuracy of the inclusive dijet cross-section to $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O ($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$ α s 2 ln(xf/xBj)), where xf is a rapidity factorization scale. These results are an essential ingredient in assessing the discovery potential of inclusive dijets to uncover the physics of gluon saturation at the Electron-Ion Collider.

Patterns of coloring with ionic dyes of the base glass matrix and enamel coatings in the system R2O–ВаО–ZnO–Al2O3–В2О3–TiO2–SiO2

The paper presents the study on the identification of patterns of coloring of a basic glass matrix and enamel coatings based on it in the system R2O–ВаО–ZnO–Al2O3–В2О3–TiO2–SiO2 by a number of ionic dyes. Regardless of the dye content, ionic dyes give the same color tone to both glasses and coatings based on these glasses as follows: CuO (1.0–3.0 wt.%) =489–494 nm (blue-green), Fe2O3 (0.5–2.0 wt.%) =575–585 nm (yellow), K2Cr2O7 (0.5–2.0 wt.%) =570–576 nm (yellow-green), CoO (0.5–1.0 wt.%) =441–463 nm (blue-violet), and NiO (0.5–1.0 wt.%) glass=559'–571' nm, coatings=598–629 nm (brown). It is shown that according to the degree of color intensity of glasses and coatings based on them, the dyes are arranged in the following sequence: CoO>NiO>CuO>K2Cr2O7>Fe2O3.. The research was conducted using a special computer program COLOR GLASS. The established patterns are used in the development of lead-free glass enamels for jewelry and decorative products.

The importance of kinematic twists and genuine saturation effects in dijet production at the Electron-Ion Collider

We compute the differential yield for quark anti-quark dijet production in high-energy electron-proton and electron-nucleus collisions at small x as a function of the relative momentum P⊥ and momentum imbalance k⊥ of the dijet system for different photon virtualities Q2, and study the elliptic and quadrangular anisotropies in the relative angle between P⊥ and k⊥. We review and extend the analysis in [1], which compared the results of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) with those obtained using the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) framework. In particular, we include in our comparison the improved TMD (ITMD) framework, which resums kinematic power corrections of the ratio k⊥ over the hard scale Q⊥. By comparing ITMD and CGC results we are able to isolate genuine higher saturation contributions in the ratio Qs/Q⊥ which are resummed only in the CGC. These saturation contributions are in addition to those in the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon TMD that appear in powers of Qs/k⊥. We provide numerical estimates of these contributions for inclusive dijet production at the future Electron-Ion Collider, and identify kinematic windows where they can become relevant in the measurement of dijet and dihadron azimuthal correlations. We argue that such measurements will allow the detailed experimental study of both kinematic power corrections and genuine gluon saturation effects.

The Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Concrete Due to The Use of Glass Waste as Partial Substitution of Fine Aggregate

Increasing human awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and conserving natural resources requires concrete innovation as an environmentally friendly and sustainable material. Accumulated of solid waste begins to be processed and reused, one of which is as a constituent of concrete. Among the various types of solid waste, glass waste is considered as an alternative that can be used as a substitute for fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (split stone) and cement. This study investigated the use of mix coloured glass waste consisting of clear, green, and brown as partial substitution of sand in concrete. Although the glass colors were mixed, the proportion of each color had been determined in this study, namely 25%, 25%, and 50%. The purpose of determining these proportions is to find out which type of color glass has the most effect on concrete mix. The target characteristic strength of 25 MPa was produced by replacing sand with 20% of mix coloured waste glass. Three combinations of concrete mixes were prepared for this study. Compression tests were conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days. Workability of fresh concrete, density, compressive strength, and failure mode were investigated in this study. Results showed that the use of waste glass was able to increase the workability of fresh concrete. K1, K 2, and K3 obtained slump values which were 4%, 6,7%, and 1,3% higher than normal concrete. Normal concrete and all combinations exhibited similar density values. Only normal concrete achieved the characteristic strength of 25,7 MPa at 28 days. Meanwhile K1, K2, and K3 achieved strengths of 22,4 MPa, 22,1 MPa, and 24,7 MPa, respectively. It was evident that as workability values increased, the compressive strengths were noticed to reduce.

Multi-particle production in proton–nucleus collisions in the color glass condensate

We compute multi-gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate approach in dilute-dense collisions, $$\hbox {p}A$$ p A , extending previous calculations up to four gluons. We include the contributions that are leading in the overlap area of the collision but keep all orders in the expansion in the number of colors. We develop a diagrammatic technique to write the numerous color contractions and exploit the symmetries to group the diagrams and simplify the expressions. To proceed further, we use the McLerran–Venugopalan and Golec–Biernat–Wüsthoff models for the projectile and target averages, respectively. We use a form of the Lipatov vertices that leads to the Wigner function approach for the projectile previously employed, that we generalise to take into account quantum correlations in the projectile wave function. We provide analytic expressions for integrated and differential two gluon cumulants and show a smooth dependence on the parameters defining the projectile and target Wigner function and dipole, respectively. For four gluon correlations we find that the second order four particle cumulant is negative, so a sensible second Fourier azimuthal coefficient can be defined. The effect of correlations in the projectile on this result results qualitatively and quantitatively large.

Angular correlations in pA collisions from CGC: multiplicity and mean transverse momentum dependence of $$v_2$$

Within the dense-dilute Color Glass Condensate approach, and using the Golec–Biernat–Wuesthoff model for the dipole scattering amplitude, we calculate $$v_2^2$$ v 2 2 as well as the correlations between $$v_2^2$$ v 2 2 and both the total multiplicity and the mean transverse momentum of produced particles. We find that the correlations are generally very small consistent with the observations. We note an interesting sharp change in the value of $$v^2_2$$ v 2 2 as well as of its correlations as a function of the width of the transverse momentum bin. This crossover is associated with the change from Bose enhancement dominance of the correlation for narrow bin to HBT dominated correlations for larger bin width.

First saturation correction in high energy proton-nucleus collisions. Part I. Time evolution of classical Yang-Mills fields beyond leading order

In high energy proton-nucleus collisions, the single- and double-inclusive soft gluon productions at the leading order have been calculated and phenomenologically studied in various approaches for many years. These studies do not take into account the saturation and multiple rescatterings in the field of the proton. The first saturation correction to these leading order results (the terms that are enhanced by the combination $$ {\alpha}_s^2{\mu}^2 $$ α s 2 μ 2 , where μ2 is the proton’s color charge squared per unit transverse area) has not been completely derived despite recent attempts using a diagrammatic approach. This paper is the first in a series of papers towards analytically completing the first saturation correction to physical observables in high energy proton-nucleus collisions. Our approach is to analytically solve the classical Yang-Mills equations in the dilute-dense regime using the Color Glass Condensate effective theory and compute physical observables constructed from classical gluon fields. In the current paper, the Yang-Mills equations are solved perturbatively in the field of the dilute object (the proton). Next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order analytic solutions are explicitly constructed. A systematic way to obtain all higher order analytic solutions is outlined.

Color Glass by Layered Nitride Films for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System

We investigated layered titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) for color glasses in building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. AlN and TiN are among suitable and cost-effective optical materials to be used as thin multilayer films, owing to the significant difference in their refractive index. To fabricate the structure, we used radio frequency magnetron deposition method to achieve the target thickness uniformly. A simple, fast, and cheap fabrication method is achieved by depositing the multilayer films in a single sputtering chamber. It is demonstrated that a multilayer stack that allows light to be transmitted from a low refractive index layer to a high refractive index layer or vice-versa can effectively create various distinct color reflections for different film thicknesses and multilayer structures. It is investigated from simulation based on wave optics that TiN/AlN multilayer offers better color design freedom and a cheaper fabrication process as compared to AlN/TiN multilayer films. Blue, green, and yellow color glasses with optical transmittance of more than 80% was achieved by indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass/TiN/AlN multilayer films. This technology exhibits good potential in commercial BIPV system applications.

Color Glass by Layered Nitride Films for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) System

We investigated layered titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) for color glasses in Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. AlN and TiN are among suitable and cost-effective optical materials to be used as thin multilayer films, owing to the significant difference in their refractive index. To fabricate the structure, we used radio frequency magnetron deposition method to achieve the target thickness uniformly. A simple, fast, and cheap fabrication method is achieved by depositing the multilayer films in a single sputtering chamber. It is demonstrated that a multilayer stack that allows light to move from a low refractive index layer to a high refractive index layer or vice-versa can effectively create various distinct color reflections for different film thicknesses and multilayer structures. It is investigated from simulation based on wave optics that, TiN/AlN multilayer offers better color design freedom and cheaper fabrication process as compared to AlN/TiN multilayer films. Blue, green, and yellow color glasses with optical transmittance of more than 80% was achieved by ITO coated glass/TiN/AlN multilayer films. This technology exhibits good potential in commercial BIPV system applications.