scholarly journals Analogical Arguments in Persuasive and Deliberative Contexts

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-262
Author(s):  
Douglas Walton ◽  
Curtis Hyra
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Argumentation Schemes ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Argument Evaluation ◽  
Argument Diagram ◽  
Argument From Analogy

This paper uses argumentation tools such as argument diagrams and argumentation schemes to analyze four examples of argument from analogy, and argues that to proceed from there to evaluating these arguments, features of the context of dialogue need to be taken into account. The evidence drawn from these examples is taken to support a pragmatic approach to studying argument from analogy, meaning that identifying the logical form of the argument by building an argument diagram of the premises and conclusion is not by itself sufficient for argument evaluation. To get further, it is argued, the argument evaluator needs to take into account how this particular argument was used in context to support a conversational goal.Cet article utilise des outils d'argumentation tels que des diagrammes d'argument et des schèmes d'argumentation pour analyser trois exemples d'argument par analogie, et soutient que pour évaluer ces arguments de manière adéquate, il est nécessaire de tenir compte du contexte d'utilisation de l'argument. Ces exemples suggèrent que l’étude des arguments par analogie à partir de seulement l’identification de leur forme logique (par exemple en construisant un diagramme des prémisses et de leur conclusion) n'est pas adéquate. Pour aller plus loin, on avance que l'analyste d'argument doit prendre en compte comment un argument particulier a été utilisé dans un contexte pour soutenir un but conversationnel.

scholarly journals Story Similarity in Arguments from Analogy

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Walton
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Argumentation Schemes ◽  
Argumentation Scheme ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Argument From Analogy ◽  
Model Similarity

In this paper a hybrid model of argument from analogy is presented that combines argumentation schemes and story schemes. One premise of the argumentation scheme for argument from analogy in the model claims that one case is similar to another. Story schemes are abstract representations of stories (narratives, explanations) based on common knowledge about how sequences of actions and events we are familiar with can normally be expected to unfold. Story schemes are used (a) to model similarity between two cases, and (2) as the basis of evidence to support the similarity premise of an argument from analogy. Four examples of argument from analogy are used to test the theory.

scholarly journals Defeasible Classifications and Inferences from Definitions

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Walton ◽  
Fabrizio Macagno
Keyword(s):  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Defeasible Reasoning ◽  
Argumentation Schemes ◽  
Defeasible Argumentation ◽  
Argument From Analogy ◽  
Critical Questioning

We contend that it is possible to argue reasonably for and against arguments from classifications and definitions, provided they are seen as defeasible (subject to exceptions and critical questioning). Arguments from classification of the most common sorts are shown to be based on defeasible reasoning of various kinds represented by patterns of logical reasoning called defeasible argumentation schemes. We show how such schemes can be identified with heuristics, or short-cut solutions to a problem. We examine a variety of arguments of this sort, including argument from abductive classification, argument from causal classification, argument from analogy-based classification and arguments from classification based on generalizations.

A pragmatic approach to teaching clinical physical diagnosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
MJ Kutcher ◽  
TF Meiller ◽  
CD Overholser
Keyword(s):  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Physical Diagnosis ◽  
Approach To Teaching

Argumentation Schemes

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Walton ◽  
Christopher Reed ◽  
Fabrizio Macagno
Keyword(s):  
Argumentation Schemes

Review of Anxiety and Phobic Disorders: A Pragmatic Approach.

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149-1149
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson ◽  
Pamela Ramser
Keyword(s):  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Phobic Disorders

Overcoming Stereotypes

2008 ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Uncertainty

Using the data of SU-HSU enterprises surveys and internal statistics of KPMG company the paper provides a non-conventional view on three economic problems which have recently been in the center of expert discussions in Russia: competitiveness of firms, corruption in the government and level of taxation. The paper argues the necessity of pragmatic approach to economic phenomena, especially under conditions of high uncertainty caused by the increasing global financial crisis.

Politics and Ideology: Lord Moyne, Palestine and Zionism 1939–1944

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Ronen Yitzhak
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
World War ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Jewish Immigration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

This article deals with Lord Moyne's policy towards the Zionists. It refutes the claim that Lord Moyne was anti-Zionist in his political orientation and in his activities and shows that his positions did not differ from those of other British senior officials at the time. His attitude toward Jewish immigration to Palestine and toward the establishment of a Jewish Brigade during the Second World War was indeed negative. This was not due to anti-Zionist policy, however, but to British strategy that supported the White Paper of 1939 and moved closer to the Arabs during the War. While serving in the British Cabinet, Lord Moyne displayed apolitically pragmatic approach and remained loyal to Prime Minister Churchill. He therefore supported the establishment of a Jewish Brigade and the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine in the secret committee that Churchill set up in 1944. Unaware of his new positions, the Zionists assassinated him in November 1944. The murder of Lord Moyne affected Churchill, leading him to reject the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine.

‘The Clach’: Alexander Mackenzie and the Land Question in the Late-Nineteenth Century Highlands and Islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Land Question

This article uses the career and writings of the Highland land reformer Alexander Mackenzie, to shed new light on the evolution of Highland land reform in the years leading up to the Crofters' Act of 1886. Mackenzie's output as a writer and journalist shows that his early experiences of living and working on the land are vital to understanding his approach to the land question, and led him to focus not on abstract or ideal principles but on building popular consensus to secure the most pressing reforms. This moderate and pragmatic approach was not universally popular though, especially among Mackenzie's more radical reformist contemporaries. The tensions these disagreements created are symptomatic of the problems that beset the ‘Crofting Community’ in the 1880s and ‘90s: problems that would eventually cause the land reform movement to split. Nevertheless, Mackenzie's influence on the Crofters’ War was huge, and deserves greater scholarly recognition.

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