scholarly journals Sedation Effect of Acepromazine and Butorphanol in Dopplervelocimetric Parameters in Great Abdominal Arteries and Femoral Artery in Dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fabíola Peixoto da Silva Mello ◽  
Verônica Noriega Torres ◽  
Renata Ferreira Cunha ◽  
Tatiane Meirelles ◽  
Aline Silva Gouvêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Doppler Spectrum ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Average

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after sedation in all selected vessels, except the celiac and cranial mesenteric artery, which were possible only in 35% and 45% respectively. All measured arteries exhibit difference in at least two of the analyzed parameters, except femoral artery, that only diameter was different.Discussion: Each vessel was selected because of its importance, and each of them has its own characteristic waveform. Changes in patterns of flow velocity of the celiac artery and mesenteric can help to determine the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract; in the case of renal arteries are associated with diseases involving parenchyma and; thrombosis in the aorta and the iliac and femoral arteries may be difficult to evaluate without the Doppler image. Examination of the AC and AMC before and after sedation not could be performed in all animals, maybe because the present work was carried out with only fasting requirement, without using dimethicone, and one of the difficulties encountered was the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract. Another factor that may have contributed to these findings is that the acute stress of containment and other environmental factors can cause release of vasopressin and leads to vasoconstriction of the splanchnic vascular bed. The dopplervelocimetric data found in celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal and femoral arteries in non-sedated animals was similar to what was described by other authors. Although all dogs demonstrated relaxation during the exam, this sedation protocol alters the values found with Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except femoral artery, which caused only increase of diameter. The Doppler differences found can be a consequence of a decrease in heart rate associated with longer cycle length, and therefore, larger diastolic volume with vessels that stayed with same diameter, or in case of caudal abdominal aorta, that reduced the diameter. This study compared the dopplervelocimetric values to the ones described by other authors in non-sedated animals and demonstrated that although acepromazine and buthorphanol are a good option to sedate dogs to perform ultrasound exam, they alter the Doppler values from aorta abdominal, celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac arteries and the femoral artery diameter.

Control of Hemorrhage in Critical Femoral or Inguinal Penetrating Wounds—An Ultrasound Evaluation

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Blaivas ◽  
Stephen Shiver ◽  
Matthew Lyon ◽  
Srikar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Common Femoral Artery ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation

AbstractIntroduction:Exsanguination from a femoral artery wound can occur in sec-onds and may be encountered more often due to increased use of body armor. Some military physicians teach compression of the distal abdominal aorta (Abdominal Aorta) with a knee or a fist as a temporizing measure.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate if complete collapse of the Abdominal Aorta was feasible and with what weight it occurs.Methods:This was a prospective, interventional study at a Level-I, academ-ic, urban, emergency department with an annual census of 80,000 patients. Written, informed consent was obtained from nine male volunteers after Institutional Research Board approval. Any patient who presented with abdominal pain or had undergone previous abdominal surgery was excluded from the study. Subjects were placed supine on the floor to simulate an injured soldier. Various dumbbells of increasing weight were placed over the distal Abdominal Aorta, and pulsed-wave Doppler measurements were taken at the right common femoral artery (CFA). Dumbbells were placed on top of a tightly bundled towel roughly the surface area of an adult knee. Flow measurements at the CFA were taken at increments of 20 pounds. This was repeated with weight over the proximal right artery iliac and distal right iliac artery to eval- uate alternate sites. Descriptive statistics were utilized to evaluate the data.Results:The mean velocity through the CFA was 75.8 cm/ sec at 0 pounds. Compression of the Abdominal Aorta ranging 80 to 140 pounds resulted in no flow in the CFA. A steady decrease in mean flow velocity was seen starting with 20 pounds. Flow velocity decreased more rapidly with compression of the prox- imal right iliac artery, and stopped in all nine volunteers by 120 pounds of pressure. For all nine volunteers, up to 80 pounds of pressure over the distal iliac artery failed to decrease CFA flow velocity, and no subject was able to tolerate more weight at that location.Conclusion:Flow to the CFA can be stopped completely with pressure over the distal Abdominal Aorta or proximal iliac artery in catastrophic wounds. Compression over the proximal iliac artery worked best, but a first responder still may need to apply upward of 120 pounds of pressure to stop exsanguination.

Changes in hemodynamics of the carotid and middle cerebral arteries before and after endoscopic sympathectomy in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis: preliminary results

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Shing Jeng ◽  
Ping-Keung Yip ◽  
Sheng-Jean Huang ◽  
Ming-Chien Kao
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Palmar Hyperhidrosis ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blood Flow Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in carotid and middle cerebral artery (MCA) hemodynamics before and after endoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis (PH).Methods. Sixty-eight patients with PH (35 males and 33 females) for whom the average age was 24.5 ± 10.7 years (± standard deviation) were recruited into this study. These patients all underwent routine upper T-2 sympathectomy to treat their PH. Ultrasonography studies of the carotid arteries (CAs) and MCA were obtained in each patient before and after T-2 sympathectomy. The blood flow volume, flow velocity, and resistivity index (RI) in the bilateral common CAs (CCAs), internal CAs (ICAs), and external CAs (ECAs) were evaluated using duplex ultrasonography. The systolic peak velocity, mean velocity, diastolic peak velocity, pulsatility index, and RI of the bilateral MCAs were evaluated using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Blood pressure and heart rate were also recorded during this study. The Student paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between studies before and after bilateral T-2 sympathectomy. There was a significant reduction in diastolic pressure after T-2 sympathectomy (p = 0.003), but not in systolic pressure or heart rate. The vessel diameter was increased after sympathectomy in the left CAs and right CCA. The T-2 sympathectomy led to significant elevation of blood flow volume and RI in the left CCA, ICA, and ECA (p < 0.05). The authors found significant increases in maximum flow velocity and RI in the left MCA (p < 0.05).Conclusions. Patients who underwent T-2 sympathectomy demonstrated a significant increase in blood flow volume and flow velocities of the CAs and MCA, especially on the left side. Asymmetry of sympathetic influence on the hemodynamics of the CAs and MCA was noted. The usefulness of sympathectomy for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals Introduction of precordial Doppler ultrasound to confirm correct peripheral venous access during general anesthesia in children: A preliminary study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248999
Author(s):  
Taiki Kojima ◽  
Kana Kitamura ◽  
Shogo Ichiyanagi ◽  
Fumio Watanabe ◽  
Yukiko Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Peripheral Venous Access ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background Delayed identification of infiltration and dysfunction of peripheral intravenous (PIV) access can lead to serious consequences during general anesthesia in children. This preliminary study aimed to describe the application of precordial Doppler ultrasound during general anesthesia in children to detect and confirm the correct PIV access and to evaluate the accuracy of this method. Methods This was a single-center, preliminary study that was conducted in children (<18 years) who were scheduled for elective surgeries between October 2019 and March 2020. Rater anesthesiologists judged the change in precordial Doppler sound (S test) before and after injection of 0.5 mL/kg of normal saline (NS) via PIV. Blood flow velocity before and after NS injection was recorded, and multiple cutoff points were set to analyze the accuracy of detecting the infiltration and dysfunction of PIV catheter (V test). Results The total incidence of peripheral infiltration and dysfunction of PIV catheter was 7/512 (1.4%). In the S test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were 5/7 (71.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 29.0%–96.3%), 490/505 (97.0%; 95% CI, 95.1%–98.3%), 24.0, 0.29, and 0.84, respectively. The V test showed that the reasonable threshold of blood flow velocity change was 1.0 m/s, with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and AUC of 4/7 (57.1%; 95% CI, 18.4%–90.1%), 489/505 (96.8%; 95% CI, 94.9%–98.2%), 18.0 and 0.44, and 0.84, respectively. Conclusions This preliminary study demonstrated that precordial Doppler ultrasound is a feasible, easy-to-use, and noninvasive technique with good accuracy to confirm the correct PIV access during general anesthesia in children. However, its accuracy requires further evaluation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trans-Abdominal Chorionic Villus Sampling on Fetal Heart Rate and Placental Vascular Resistance Index: A Color Doppler Ultrasound Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Farshchian ◽  
Farhad Naleini ◽  
Negin Farshchian ◽  
Parisa Bahrami Kamangar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Chorionic Villus Sampling ◽  
Before And After

Fetal hemodynamic changes can occur immediately following invasive chorionic villus sampling (CVS). We decided to study the possible effect of CVS on fetal heart rate (FHR), and uteroplacental resistance index (RI) changes using color Doppler ultrasound. Thirty-five pregnant patients with a gestational age of more than 12 weeks were included. Trans-abdominal CVS was done to assess the possibility of thalassemia. Before and after the CVS, color Doppler ultrasound was done to measure FHR and uteroplacental RI. Mean (SD) values for FHR before and after the CVS were 175.22 (±9) and 173.62 (±9.94) beats per minute, respectively; P=0.18. Mean (SD) uteroplacental RI before the CVS was 0.79 (0.07) which significantly increased to 0.82 (0.08); P=0.03. We observed a significant increase in resistance of blood flow in placental circulation after CVS. However, no significant change was observed regarding FHR after CVS.

scholarly journals Peripheral μ-opioid receptors attenuate the augmented exercise pressor reflex in rats with chronic femoral artery occlusion

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. H557-H565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi ◽  
Jennifer L. McCord ◽  
Marc P. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Exercise Pressor Reflex ◽  
Pressor Reflex ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

Recently, opioid receptors have been shown to be expressed on group III and IV afferents, which comprise the sensory arm of the exercise pressor reflex. Although the stimulation of opioid receptors in the central nervous system has been shown to attenuate the exercise pressor reflex, the effect on the reflex of their stimulation in the periphery is unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the activation of peripheral μ-opioid receptors attenuates the exercise pressor reflex. The pressor responses to static contraction were compared before and after the injection of the μ-opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala2, N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 μg) into the abdominal aorta of decerebrated rats in which one femoral artery had been occluded 72 h previously ( n = 10) and in control rats whose femoral arteries were freely perfused ( n = 8). DAMGO attenuated the peak pressor response to contraction in rats whose femoral arteries had been occluded (before: increase of 34 ± 3 mmHg and after: increase of 22 ± 2 mmHg, P = 0.008); the inhibitory effect of DAMGO was prevented by the injection of naloxone (100 μg) into the abdominal aorta (before: increase of 29 ± 5 mmHg and after: increase of 29 ± 5 mmHg, P = 0.646, n = 7). An intravenous injection of DAMGO (1 μg, n = 6) had no effect on the peak pressor response to contraction in both groups of rats. DAMGO had no effect on the peak pressor response to contraction in rats whose femoral arteries were freely perfused (before: Δ 23 ± 4 mmHg, after: Δ 23 ± 3 mmHg, n = 6) but appeared to have a small effect on topography of the response. DAMGO had no effect on the peak pressor response to tendon stretch in both groups of rats (both P > 0.05). We conclude that the stimulation of peripheral μ-opioid receptors attenuates the exercise pressor reflex in rats whose femoral arteries have been ligated for 72 h.

scholarly journals Drotaverinum – a new modality of prevention and treatment in cerebral vasospasm after subarachoidian hemorrhage?

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
C. Kakucs ◽  
C. Berce ◽  
A. Tamas-Szora ◽  
G. Ungureanu ◽  
I.St. Florian
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

Abstract Aim: This study want to demonstrate the efficaciousness of drotaverinum as a replacer of papaverine in the prevention and treatment of vasospasm. Material and method: In this study were used 20 albino Wistar male rats. Rats were divided in two groups and vasospasm was induced to the both femoral artery and after that irrigation of the femoral arteries with drotaverinum was performed to demonstrate the vasodilatation that can appear (group A). In the group B after the obtaining of vasospasm irrigation of the femoral arteries with saline solution was performed and this group was used as witness. The length of the vessels was measured when was achieved the vasospasm and also before and after the administration of the solutions. Pictures were taken at every step of dissection and solutions administration to can measure the length of arteries before and after the administration of drotaverinum and the saline solution. Results: In all rats was obtained vasospasm at the femoral artery after clipping the artery and after we irrigate with adrenaline. In the group with drotaverinum we obtained the vasodilatation and in the witness group the caliber of the vessels remain the same. The statistical analysis of the data demonstrate a significant differences between the group were was used drotaverinum and the witness group were was used the saline solution (p<0,001). Conclusions: Drotaverinum has a good vasodilatative effect on arteries and he can prevent the apparition of vasospasm and it can even treat vasospasm if occur by producing local vasodilatation and a good circulation in the area where is administrated. This study showed quantitatively that drotaverinum can treat the experimental peripheral vasospasm in rats.

scholarly journals Some Cardio-Pulmonary Effects of Infra-Renal Clamping of the Abdominal Aorta

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Askitopolou ◽  
C. A. Young ◽  
M. Morgan ◽  
M. K. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Renal Vessels ◽  
Before And After

No significant changes were found in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, arterial blood gases or physiological deadspace: tidal volume ratio before and after clamping and unclamping the abdominal aorta below the renal vessels. Nevertheless, drugs should be available to reduce the afterload on the heart if any evidence of myocardial ischaemia appears during the period of aortic clamping. The importance of maintaining an adequate circulating blood volume at all times is stressed.

Abstract 13868: Effects of Chronic Electronic Cigarette Vapor Exposures on the Cardiovascular Function in Rats

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangde Dai ◽  
Jianru Shi ◽  
Juan Carreno ◽  
Lifu zhao ◽  
Michael T Kleinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Left Ventricular

Background: We investigated the effects of chronic electronic cigarettes with nicotine (E-Cig) exposure on cardiovascular function in rats. Methods: Adult Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either pure air (n=10) or E-Cig (n=14) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of exposure, flow-mediated vasodilation was measured in anesthetized rats with ultrasound to measure femoral artery diameter. Femoral artery flow velocity was measured before and 5 minutes after reperfusion of a 5-minute femoral artery occlusion. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiogram. A Millar catheter was used to record systemic arterial and LV pressures. Cardiac output was measured using a themodilution catheter. Results: The femoral artery internal diameter and blood flow velocity were comparable between the 2 groups before and after artery occlusion. However, in the E-cig group, blood flow velocity significantly decreased from 55.5 ± 5.2 cm/s prior to occlusion to 41.3 ± 4.1 cm/s after reperfusion (p = 0.005); it remained similar prior to (47.8 ± 3.4 cm/s) and after (47.8 ± 5.5 cm/s) occlusion in the air group. There were no statistically significant differences in left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions, LV fractional shortening, heart rate or mean blood pressure (80 ± 3 mmHg in air and 79 ± 5 mmHg in E-cig group) , LV end-diastolic pressure (Ped), end-systolic pressure (Pes), peak -dP/dt, Tau, or cardiac output (48.3 ± 3.3 ml/min in air and 47.6 ± 3.9 ml/min in E-cig group) between the E-Cig and the pure air group. There was a trend toward a reduction in peak LV +dP /dt in the E-Cig group (5574 ± 341 mmHg/s) compared to the air group (6166 ± 238 mmHg/s). LV weight and wall thickness were similar between groups. Conclusions: Twelve weeks of E-Cig exposure did not affect heart rate or blood pressure; but did tend to reduce contractility. E-cigarette exposure slowed the flow-mediated blood flow velocity probably at a microvascular level, possibly by altering endothelial function.

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