scholarly journals Liberdade de Concorrência na União Europeia: Convergência da Doutrina e da Jurisprudência no Reconhecimento da Disciplina Concorrencial como base para o Mercado Interno

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Rinaldi de Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Constant Improvement

LIBERDADE DE CONCORRÊNCIA NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA: CONVERGÊNCIA DA DOUTRINA E DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA NO RECONHECIMENTO DA DISCIPLINA CONCORRENCIAL COMO BASE PARA O MERCADO INTERNO  FREEDOM OF COMPETITION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: CONVERGENCE OF THE DOCTRINE AND THE CASE LAW IN THE RECOGNITION OF COMPETITION LAW AS A BASIS TO THE INTERNAL MARKET               Nicole Rinaldi de Barcellos* RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o papel da liberdade de concorrência no mercado interno da União Europeia, mediante análise doutrinária e jurisprudencial. A disciplina concorrencial compõe os instrumentos fundacionais do referido bloco econômico desde as primeiras versões até o presente momento, mantendo uma considerável estabilidade ao longo do tempo. A aplicação do direito da concorrência, por sua vez, encontra-se em constante aprimoramento, sendo objeto de discussão constante no âmbito do Tribunal de Luxemburgo, conforme os objetivos integracionistas são alargados, estimulando o desenvolvimento econômico equilibrado dos atores no mercado interno. Para desenvolver os objetivos propostos, a pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira seção são abordados os principais fundamentos teóricos da liberdade de concorrência no âmbito da União Europeia. Na segunda parte são apresentados casos jurisprudenciais considerados relevantes na consolidação da liberdade de concorrência como base ao mercado interno. Por fim, é destacada a essencialidade da liberdade concorrencial no processo de integração da União Europeia ao garantir e amparar as demais liberdades econômicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito Internacional da Concorrência. União Europeia. Liberdade de Concorrência. Mercado Interno. Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia. ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of freedom of competition in the European Union internal market based on doctrinal and case law analysis. Competition law composes the founding instruments of the European Union since its first versions to the present moment, maintaining a considerable stability over time. Application of competition law, however, is in constant improvement by the Luxembourg Court as integrationist goals are extended, in order to stimulate balanced economic development to the actors in the internal market. To develop the proposed objectives, the research is divided into two parts. The first section examines the main theoretical foundations of the freedom of competition within the European Union. In the second part it is presented a case law summary, considered relevant to the consolidation of the subject. Ultimately, it is highlighted that freedom of competition is substantial to the European Union process of integration by ensuring and supporting the other essential economic freedoms.  KEYWORDS: International Competition Law. European Union. Freedom of Competition.  Internal Market. Court of Justice of the European Union. SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Fundamentos doutrinários da liberdade de concorrência no ordenamento jurídico da União Europeia. 1.1 Características estruturais da liberdade de concorrência na União Europeia. 1.2 Domínio de Aplicação da Liberdade Concorrencial na União Europeia. 2 Contribuição da jurisprudência do Tribunal de Luxemburgo para a consolidação da liberdade de concorrência. 2.1 Caso Dióxido de Titânio como marco jurisprudencial (C-300/89). 2.2 Casos TeliaSonera (C-52/09) e Comissão c. Italia (C-496/09). Considerações finais. Referências.* Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), na linha de pesquisa Fundamentos da Integração Jurídica. Bolsista da CAPES/UFRGS. Especialista em Direito Internacional Público e Privado, e Direito da Integração pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Graduada pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).

12. Competition Law: Cartels

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-306
Author(s):  
Robert Schütze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Competition Law

This chapter provides an overview of EU competition law through the lens of Article 101 TFEU. Article 101 outlaws anti-competitive collusions between undertakings; that is, ‘cartels’. Historically, this form of illegal behaviour has been the most dangerous anti-competitive practice. The prohibition on any collusion between undertakings to restrict competition in the internal market is thereby set out in Article 101. The European Union has given a wide jurisdictional scope to the provision, and EU competition law generally. Yet it tries to find an appropriate balance between pro- and anti-competitive considerations for every agreement. Due to the EU's historic task to create an internal market, vertical agreements have been of particular importance to EU; and distribution agreements indeed continue to occupy a prominent place within the case law of the European Courts.

The ‘puzzle’ of workers’ mobility in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Delfino
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transnational Mobility ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Italian Legislation ◽  
The Eu

In Italy, workers’ mobility is a very complicated puzzle that is composed of different pieces. This paper deals with such different pieces under the perspective of workers' mobility within the European Union and highlights that the term mobility is not a synonym of posting (of workers), since the latter term indicates only one of the types (although the most relevant) of workers’ mobility. The author starts with workers’ mobility within the national border and beyond the European Union. Then, he concentrates his attention on the Italian way of transposing the EU Directives on the transnational posting of workers, which is very problematic, especially with reference to the role of collective bargaining agreements. Special attention is dedicated to the issue of public policy where an important role is played by Italian case law, which is very interesting and not uniform. The paper ends with some predictions about the forthcoming Italian legislation concerning both national and transnational mobility, which will be possibly influenced by the domestic political agenda.

scholarly journals The Role of the Court of Justice in Creating Standards for the Implementation of Cultural Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Anna Kosińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Court Of Justice

The present study seeks to answer the question whether the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in cases concerning the exercise of broadly understood cultural policies may in reality affect the extent of implementation of cultural rights—that is, access to products of culture, participation in cultural life and freedom of artistic creativity—at the level of Member States. Cultural rights are traditionally regulated by the constitutions of EU Member States and are classified by legal scholars and commentators as second generation rights. Culture, in turn, according to primary legislation of the European Union, is only a supporting competence (Article 6 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). However, a review of the Court’s case law demonstrates that CJEU’s judgments form standards that contribute to a more effective implementation of cultural rights guaranteed in the national law of the Member States and international agreements to which they are parties. This results from the nature of the Union’s law, which penetrates a national system and thanks to the principle of direct effect and supremacy truly affects the situation of EU citizens.

8. EU competition law: Article 102 TFEU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Homewood
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
National Competition ◽  
Abusive Behaviour ◽  
Article 102 Tfeu

This chapter focuses on Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Article 102 prohibits, as incompatible with the internal market, any abuse by undertakings in a dominant position within the internal market in so far as it may affect trade between Member States. It should be noted at the outset that ‘dominance’ itself is not prohibited, but only when such dominance is accompanied with abusive behaviour that may affect trade. Like Article 101, Article 102 is enforced by the European Commission, national competition authorities, and national courts under powers conferred by Regulation 1/2003.

The Polluter Pays Principle in EU Climate Law: an Effective Tool before the Courts?

Climate Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Suzanne Kingston
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
Energy Law ◽  
The Eu

In EU law the polluter pays principle (ppp) enjoys constitutional status: Article 191(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (tfeu) enshrines it among the fundamental principles of the EU’s environmental policy. This article considers the legal status and development of the ppp in EU law, in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) and in EU policy, most recently in the EU’s Green New Deal. It goes on to identify three bodies of climate-related litigation where the ppp has been most influential to date: first, cases concerning the EU ets and emissions; second, cases concerning EU energy law; and third, cases concerning EU state-aid law. The conclusion reflects on the potential role of the ppp in other areas, including climate cases based on human and environmental rights, and climate cases brought against private parties.

1 Introduction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazzini Renato
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Legal Perspective

This introductory chapter provides an overview of Article 102, which prohibits any abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position within the internal market. It is a fundamental element of the economic law of the European Union. However, its objective and scope are undefined. Only once the objective has been identified, can the legal tests for dominance and abuse be understood and developed consistently with the teleological hermeneutics that the case law mandates. This book then adopts an integrated and holistic approach to the analysis of the objective and the tests of Article 102, examines the objective and principles of Article 102 within the framework of the Treaties, and analyses Article 102 not only from a legal perspective but also under the lens of economics.

29. EU competition law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Woods ◽  
Philippa Watson ◽  
Marios Costa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Core Elements

This chapter examines the core elements of competition law in the European Union (EU) and its impact on the internal market, focusing on anti-competitive agreements, abuse of market power and controls over concentrations. It discusses the provisions and enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

15. Competition law

2020 ◽  
pp. 415-449
Author(s):  
Sylvia de Mars
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
The Uk

This chapter analyses the foundations of EU competition law. Competition law is an attempt to regulate the behaviour of private companies when active in the internal market so as to ensure that competition between different entities remains and is fair. The rules of competition law aim both to assist the completion of the internal market as well as addressing consumer welfare in more general terms. A further particularly interesting dimension is that unlike most internal market law, competition law applies regardless of the nationality of the companies or businesses active in the internal market. As such, UK companies active on the continent after Brexit will have to know these rules, regardless of whether they continue to apply in the UK. The chapter then details the two Treaty provisions that address anti-competitive behaviour: Articles 101 and 102 TFEU (Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union).

3 The Regulatory and Institutional Framework of EU Cartel Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argenton Cédric ◽  
Geradin Damien ◽  
Stephan Andreas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Eu

This chapter deals with the institutional and regulatory framework that applies to cartels in the European Union (EU), going over both the substantive and procedural rules. The key legal basis for the prosecution of cartels resides under Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), as interpreted by the case law of the EU courts. Article 101 TFEU is a three-pronged provision. First, the chapter shows how Article 101(1) TFEU establishes a prohibition rule providing that any agreement between undertakings which may affect trade between Member States and which restricts competition is to be deemed incompatible with the internal market. Next, the chapter takes a look at how Article 101(2) TFEU declares that agreements deemed incompatible pursuant to Article 101(1) TFEU are null and void. The ways in which Article 101(3) TFEU embodies an exception to the default prohibition rule, which defuses the application of Article 101(1) for agreements that bring a positive net contribution to consumer welfare, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Regulating Free Movement of Goods within the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (35) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Daniel Berlingher
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Present Text

Abstract The principle of the free movement of goods in one of great importance for the European Union and for in general and for the Internal Market and the European citizens in particular. Starting from the fact that the Internal market is considered to be a critical element for the present and future prosperity of the European Union in a globalized world, the objective of the present text is to present and analyse, in a concise manner, the main legal provisions that govern this field. In order to accomplish this objective we made reference to the following aspects: considerations regarding the role and importance of the free movement of goods in the European internal market; the role of the European Commission within the internal market and implicitly for the free movement of goods; Treaty provisions governing the free movement of goods; and related instruments of secondary law related to the free movement of goods.

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