OIST PREreview JC - "Disentangling unspecific and specific transgenerational immune priming components in host-parasite interactions"

Exposure to a pathogen primes many organisms to respond faster or more efficiently to subsequent exposures. Such priming can be non-specific or specific, and has been found to extend across generations. Disentangling and quantifying specific and non-specific effects is essential for understanding the genetic epidemiology of a system. By combining a large infection experiment and mathematical modelling, we disentangle different transgenerational effects in the crustacean model Daphnia magna exposed to different strains of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa . In the experiment, we exposed hosts to a high dose of one of three parasite strains, and subsequently challenged their offspring with multiple doses of the same (homologous) or a different (heterologous) strain. We find that exposure of Daphnia to Pasteuria decreases the susceptibility of their offspring by approximately 50%. This transgenerational protection is not larger for homologous than for heterologous parasite challenges. Methodologically, our work represents an important contribution not only to the analysis of immune priming in ecological systems but also to the experimental assessment of vaccines. We present, for the first time, an inference framework to investigate specific and non-specific effects of immune priming on the susceptibility distribution of hosts—effects that are central to understanding immunity and the effect of vaccines.

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Disentangling unspecific and specific transgenerational immune priming components in host-parasite interactions

10.1101/429498 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frida Ben-Ami ◽

Christian Orlic ◽

Roland R. Regoes

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Immune Memory ◽

High Dose ◽

Immune Priming ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Pasteuria Ramosa ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Strains ◽

Host Parasite ◽

First Time

AbstractExposure to a pathogen primes many organisms to respond faster or more efficiently to subsequent exposures. Such priming can be unspecific or specific, and has been found to extend across generations. Disentangling and quantifying specific and unspecific effects is essential for understanding the genetic epidemiology of a system. By combining a large infection experiment and mathematical modeling, we disentangle different transgenerational effects in the crustacean model Daphnia magna exposed to different strains of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa. In the experiments, we exposed hosts to a high-dose of one of three parasite strains, and subsequently challenged their offspring with multiple doses of the same or a different strain, i. e. homologously or heterogously. We find that exposure to Pasteuria decreases the susceptibility of a host’s offspring by approximately 50%. This transgenerational protection is not larger for homologous than for heterologous parasite challenges. Our work represents an important contribution not only to the analysis of immune priming in ecological systems, but also to the experimental assessment of vaccines. We present for the first time an inference framework to investigate specific and unspecific effects of immune priming on the susceptibility distribution of hosts — effects that are central to understanding immunity and the effect of vaccines.Author summaryImmune memory is a feature of immune systems that forms the basis of vaccination. In opposition to textbook accounts, the ability to specifically remember previous exposures has been found to extend to invertebrates and shown to be able to be passed on from mother to off-spring, i. e. to be transgenerational. In this paper, we investigate the extent of this specificity in unprecedented detail in water fleas. We exposed water flea mothers to different strains of a bacterial pathogen and challenged their offspring with a wide range of doses of a strain that were either identical to (homologous) or different from (heterologous) the strain, to which the mother had been exposed. We find that, while exposure of the mother reduces the susceptibility of the offspring, this effect is not specific. This work outlines the limits of specific transgenerational immune memory in this invertebrate system.

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Natural History of Host-Parasite Interactions

10.1016/s0065-308x(08)x0004-1 ◽

2009 ◽

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

History Of ◽

Host Parasite

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A role for host-parasite interactions in the horizontal transfer of transposons across phyla.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3388956.3788054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Martienssen ◽

Andrea Schorn

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Transfer ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Host Parasite

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A role for host-parasite interactions in the horizontal transfer of transposons across phyla.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3388956.3079054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Joachim Kurtz

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Transfer ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Host Parasite

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Host parasite interactions and pathophysiology in Giardia infections

International Journal for Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.05.002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 925-933 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

James A. Cotton ◽

Jennifer K. Beatty ◽

Andre G. Buret

Keyword(s):

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Host Parasite

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Spatial expression pattern of serine proteases in the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni determined by fluorescence RNA in situ hybridization

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04773-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lenka Ulrychová ◽

Pavel Ostašov ◽

Marta Chanová ◽

Michael Mareš ◽

Martin Horn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Serine Proteases ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Host Parasite

Abstract Background The blood flukes of genus Schistosoma are the causative agent of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that infects more than 200 million people worldwide. Proteases of schistosomes are involved in critical steps of host–parasite interactions and are promising therapeutic targets. We recently identified and characterized a group of S1 family Schistosoma mansoni serine proteases, including SmSP1 to SmSP5. Expression levels of some SmSPs in S. mansoni are low, and by standard genome sequencing technologies they are marginally detectable at the method threshold levels. Here, we report their spatial gene expression patterns in adult S. mansoni by the high-sensitivity localization assay. Methodology Highly sensitive fluorescence in situ RNA hybridization (FISH) was modified and used for the localization of mRNAs encoding individual SmSP proteases (including low-expressed SmSPs) in tissues of adult worms. High sensitivity was obtained due to specifically prepared tissue and probes in combination with the employment of a signal amplification approach. The assay method was validated by detecting the expression patterns of a set of relevant reference genes including SmCB1, SmPOP, SmTSP-2, and Sm29 with localization formerly determined by other techniques. Results FISH analysis revealed interesting expression patterns of SmSPs distributed in multiple tissues of S. mansoni adults. The expression patterns of individual SmSPs were distinct but in part overlapping and were consistent with existing transcriptome sequencing data. The exception were genes with significantly low expression, which were also localized in tissues where they had not previously been detected by RNA sequencing methods. In general, SmSPs were found in various tissues including reproductive organs, parenchymal cells, esophagus, and the tegumental surface. Conclusions The FISH-based assay provided spatial information about the expression of five SmSPs in adult S. mansoni females and males. This highly sensitive method allowed visualization of low-abundantly expressed genes that are below the detection limits of standard in situ hybridization or by RNA sequencing. Thus, this technical approach turned out to be suitable for sensitive localization studies and may also be applicable for other trematodes. The results suggest that SmSPs may play roles in diverse processes of the parasite. Certain SmSPs expressed at the surface may be involved in host–parasite interactions. Graphic abstract

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Urogenital Schistosomiasis—History, Pathogenesis, and Bladder Cancer

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Lúcio Lara Santos ◽

Júlio Santos ◽

Maria João Gouveia ◽

Carina Bernardo ◽

Carlos Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Parasite Infection ◽

Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽

Host Parasite Interactions ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Recent Outbreak ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Female Genital

Schistosomiasis is the most important helminthiasis worldwide in terms of morbidity and mortality. Most of the infections occurs in Africa, which about two thirds are caused by Schistosoma haematobium. The infection with S. haematobium is considered carcinogenic leading to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Additionally, it is responsible for female genital schistosomiasis leading to infertility and higher risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Remarkably, a recent outbreak in Corsica (France) drew attention to its potential re-mergence in Southern Europe. Thus far, little is known related to host-parasite interactions that trigger carcinogenesis. However, recent studies have opened new avenues to understand mechanisms on how the parasite infection can lead cancer and other associated pathologies. Here, we present a historical perspective of schistosomiasis, and review the infection-associated pathologies and studies on host–parasite interactions that unveil tentative mechanisms underlying schistosomiasis-associated carcinogenesis.

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