Efficacy of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to recalculate the efficacy of these two vaccine strains, and to discuss the main variables associated with controlled trials to evaluate bovine brucellosis vaccines efficacy. The most used vaccine strain was S19, at the dose of 10 colony forming units (CFU), followed by the vaccine strain RB51 at 10 CFU. The most used challenge strain was B. abortus 2308, at the dose of 10 CFU by intraconjunctival route. For the meta-analysis, trials were grouped according to the vaccine strain and dose to recalculate protection against abortion (four groups) or infection (five groups), using pooled risk ratio (RR) and vaccine efficacy (VE). For protection against abortion (n = 15 trials), S19 vaccine at 10 CFU exhibited the highest protection rate (RR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.52; VE = 75.09%, 95% CI: 48.08 – 88.05), followed by RB51 10 (RR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.61; VE = 69.25%, 95% CI: 39.48 – 84.38). For protection against infection (n = 23 trials), only two subgroups exhibited significant protection: S19 at 10 CFU (RR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.55; VE = 72.03%, 95% CI: 57.70 – 81.50) and RB51 at 10 CFU dose (RR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.84; VE = 57.05%, 95% CI: 30.90 – 73.30). In conclusion, our results suggest that the dose of 10 CFU for S19 and 10 CFU for RB51 are the most suitable for the prevention of abortion and infection caused by B. abortus.

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Efficacy of bovine brucellosis vaccines: conceptions, challenges and meta‐analysis. Response to the Letter to the Editor concerning “Efficacy of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains: A systematic review and meta‐analysis” by Blasco et al (Transbound Emerg Dis; 2021: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14259)

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.14442 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles ◽

Andrey Pereira Lage ◽

Júlio Silvio de Sousa Bueno Filho ◽

Jacques Godfroid ◽

Carine Rodrigues Pereira

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Brucella Abortus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Letter To The Editor

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Efficacy of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.14259 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Martins Oliveira ◽

Carine Rodrigues Pereira ◽

Izabela Regina Cardoso Oliveira ◽

Jacques Godfroid ◽

Andrey Pereira Lage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Brucella Abortus ◽

Meta Analysis

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Efficacy of phage therapy in pigs: systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab157 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Karina Desiree ◽

Sabrina Mosimann ◽

Paul Ebner

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Effect Size ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Data Set ◽

Aggregated Data ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Phage Treatment

Abstract Limits on the use and efficacy of various antibiotics coupled with negative consumer perception of the practice have together spurred substantial research into compounds that could reduce the use antibiotics to control bacterial diseases in pigs. Bacteriophages are often among such potential compounds, and various groups have examined the efficacy of bacteriophages or bacteriophage products in limiting transmission or colonization of targeted bacteria. The study presented here provides a systematic review of such studies followed by a meta-analysis of aggregated data produced by each study. The data set was limited to inputs (n = 19; 576 total observations) from studies where: 1) live pigs were inoculated with a known quantity of challenge bacteria; 2) challenged animals were treated with a known quantity of phages; 3) concentrations of the challenge bacteria were measured in different tissues/fluids following phage treatment; and 4) SD (or SE to allow calculation of SD) was reported. Concentrations of challenge bacteria were significantly lower in phage-treated pigs versus challenged but untreated pigs (P < 0.0001; effect size = −1.06 1log10 colony-forming units [CFU]/g). The effect size of phage treatment was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in samples collected 48 to 96 h following phage treatment versus those collected ≤ 24 h following phage treatment. Likewise, effect size of phage treatment was significantly greater in piglets versus market-weight pigs. Across observations, phage treatment effect sizes were greatest (P < 0.01) in fecal samples versus ileal or cecal samples. Taken together, these data indicate that phage treatment can significantly reduce the concentrations of targeted bacteria in pigs; scenarios exist, however, where phage treatment could predictably be more or less effective.

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Immunization with Brucella abortus S19Δper Conferred Protection in Water Buffaloes against Virulent Challenge with B. abortus Strain S544

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9121423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1423

Author(s):

Pallab Chaudhuri ◽

Mani Saminathan ◽

Syed Atif Ali ◽

Gurpreet Kaur ◽

Shiv Varan Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brucella Abortus ◽

Protective Efficacy ◽

Virulent Strain ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Buffalo Calves ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Virulent Challenge ◽

Gene Deletion Mutant

Vaccination of cattle and buffaloes with Brucella abortus strain 19 has been the mainstay for control of bovine brucellosis. However, vaccination with S19 suffers major drawbacks in terms of its safety and interference with serodiagnosis of clinical infection. Brucella abortus S19∆per, a perosamine synthetase wbkB gene deletion mutant, overcomes the drawbacks of the S19 vaccine strain. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Brucella abortus S19Δper vaccine candidate in the natural host, buffaloes. Safety of S19∆per, for animals use, was assessed in guinea pigs. Protective efficacy of vaccine was assessed in buffaloes by immunizing with normal dose (4 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/animal) and reduced dose (2 × 109 CFU/animal) of S19Δper and challenged with virulent strain of B. abortus S544 on 300 days post immunization. Bacterial persistency of S19∆per was assessed in buffalo calves after 42 days of inoculation. Different serological, biochemical and pathological studies were performed to evaluate the S19∆per vaccine. The S19Δper immunized animals showed significantly low levels of anti-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) antibodies. All the immunized animals were protected against challenge infection with B. abortus S544. Sera from the majority of S19Δper immunized buffalo calves showed moderate to weak agglutination to RBPT antigen and thereby, could apparently be differentiated from S19 vaccinated and clinically-infected animals. The S19Δper was more sensitive to buffalo serum complement mediated lysis than its parent strain, S19. Animals culled at 6-weeks-post vaccination showed no gross lesions in organs and there was comparatively lower burden of infection in the lymph nodes of S19Δper immunized animals. With attributes of higher safety, strong protective efficacy and potential of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), S19Δper would be a prospective alternate to conventional S19 vaccines for control of bovine brucellosis as proven in buffaloes.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of medical masks and N95 respirators for protection against respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19 in medical staff

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47687/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

MM Gao-hong Wu ◽

MB Ping Jiang ◽

MB Huan Yuan ◽

Shi ◽

Zhu

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Protection ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Respiratory Infectious Diseases ◽

N95 Respirators

Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of N95 respirators and medical masks for protection against respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the use of N95 respirators and medical masks for protection against respiratory infectious diseases. We retrieved relevant articles published from January 1994 to January 2020 by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. The study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool with RevMan 5.3 software. Eleven RCTs adjusted for clustering were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, N95 respirators or medical masks conferred significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29–0.84). Compared to medical masks, N95 respirators conferred significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases (OR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.99). Meta-analysis of 10 observational studies adjusting for clustering also suggested that N95 respirators and medical masks are effective for protection against respiratory infectious diseases (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42–0.82). However, only one case report showed the effectiveness of medical masks for preventing COVID-19. Although medical masks and N95 respirators may confer significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that these types of personal protective equipment offer similar protection against COVID-19. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient resources during an epidemic, medical masks and N95 respirators should be reserved for high-risk, aerosol-generating producing procedures.

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Brucella abortus S19 GFP-tagged vaccine allows the serological identification of vaccinated cattle

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0260288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0260288

Author(s):

Carlos Chacón-Díaz ◽

Ana Zabalza-Baranguá ◽

Beatriz San Román ◽

José-María Blasco ◽

Maite Iriarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brucella Abortus ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Serological Identification ◽

Green Fluorescent ◽

Chromosome Ii ◽

The Rose ◽

S19 Vaccine

Bovine brucellosis induces abortion in cows, produces important economic losses, and causes a widely distributed zoonosis. Its eradication was achieved in several countries after sustained vaccination with the live attenuated Brucella abortus S19 vaccine, in combination with the slaughtering of serologically positive animals. S19 induces antibodies against the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS), making difficult the differentiation of infected from vaccinated bovines. We developed an S19 strain constitutively expressing the green fluorescent protein (S19-GFP) coded in chromosome II. The S19-GFP displays similar biological characteristics and immunogenic and protective efficacies in mice to the parental S19 strain. S19-GFP can be distinguished from S19 and B. abortus field strains by fluorescence and multiplex PCR. Twenty-five heifers were vaccinated withS19-GFP (5×109 CFU) by the subcutaneous or conjunctival routes and some boosted with GFP seven weeks thereafter. Immunized animals were followed up for over three years and tested for anti-S-LPS antibodies by both the Rose Bengal test and a competitive ELISA. Anti-GFP antibodies were detected by an indirect ELISA and Western blotting. In most cases, anti-S-LPS antibodies preceded for several weeks those against GFP. The anti-GFP antibody response was higher in the GFP boosted than in the non-boosted animals. In all cases, the anti-GFP antibodies persisted longer, or at least as long, as those against S-LPS. The drawbacks and potential advantages of using the S19-GFP vaccine for identifying vaccinated animals in infected environments are discussed.

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Efficacy of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.14440 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

JM Blasco ◽

E Moreno ◽

I Moriyón

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Brucella Abortus ◽

Meta Analysis

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Single-tube duplex-PCR for specific detection and differentiation of Brucella abortus S19 vaccine strain from other Brucella spp

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3584 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Aparajita Das ◽

Bablu Kumar ◽

Soumendu Chakravarti ◽

Karam Pal Singh ◽

Abhishek . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccine Strain ◽

Brucella Abortus ◽

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

Pasteurella Multocida ◽

Clinical Specimen ◽

Duplex Pcr ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Single Tube ◽

S19 Vaccine ◽

Duplex Pcr Assay

A simple single-tube duplex-PCR assay was optimized for rapid and sensitive detection and differentiation of Brucella abortus (B.abortus) S19 vaccine strain from other Brucella spp.(B.abortus 544,B abortus S99,B.melitensis 16M,B.suis).This assay was optimized using two primer pairs that were designed, one targeting genus specific multicopy IS711 and another eryC for the development of the duplex-PCR assay. Specificity of the assay was assessed using DNA templates from various Brucella species (B.abortus, B.melitensis, B.suis) and non Brucella bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pasteurella multocida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes. The assay was also evaluated on spiked milk samples with known B.abortus cultures. The assay was able to detect up to 2.47 x 103CFU of B. abortus S99 organism in spiked milk sample. The assay was further validated in 53 clinical specimens (aborted foetal stomach content). Results confirm that Single tube duplex-PCR assay was useful for early and rapid detection and differentiation of B. abortus vaccine strain S19 from other Brucella spp in milk as well as in clinical specimen.

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